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The Molokan community in Armenia is composed of descendants of Russian settlers who have preserved their unique faith, traditions, and language. This article explores the history of Molokanism, the distinctive lifestyle of its followers, and provides up-to-date information about Molokan settlements in Armenia, such as the village of Violetovo, which has become a popular tourist destination. Discover the culture, agricultural practices, religious beliefs, and the community's approach to the outside world. < Back Molokans in Armenia The Molokan community in Armenia is composed of descendants of Russian settlers who have preserved their unique faith, traditions, and language. This article explores the history of Molokanism, the distinctive lifestyle of its followers, and provides up-to-date information about Molokan settlements in Armenia, such as the village of Violetovo, which has become a popular tourist destination. Discover the culture, agricultural practices, religious beliefs, and the community's approach to the outside world. Origins and Beliefs of the Molokans The Molokans (from the Russian word moloko, meaning "milk," or "dairy-eaters") are a Russian spiritual-Christian sect that emerged from Eastern Orthodoxy in the Eastern Slavic lands. Their customs, including the consumption of dairy products during Christian fasts, differed from those of the Russian Orthodox Church, leading them to be labeled as heretics or sectarians. The term "Molokan" is an exonym used by neighboring Orthodox communities. The Molokans themselves typically refer to themselves as "spiritual Christians." Molokanism began to gain followers in the 18th century in the regions of Tambov, Saratov, Voronezh, and Astrakhan. Various Russian rulers took steps to relocate the Molokans, primarily to control religious movements and settle new territories. Under Catherine the Great (1762–1796), persecution of the Molokans began, including their exile to remote regions. However, the policy shifted, and later in her reign, Catherine encouraged voluntary resettlement, offering seeds and livestock to help populate new lands. Under Alexander I (1801–1825), Molokans petitioned for freedom of worship. Alexander I issued a decree granting them certain religious freedoms, which allowed them to migrate to southern regions, including the Caucasus. Under Nicholas I (1825–1855), this relocation policy continued, with Molokans being granted exemption from military service for fifty years if they moved to the Caucasus. Natalya Maksimovna has just poured us tea from the samovar. Several years ago, Mikhail and Natalia Rudometkin opened a guesthouse that offers visitors a unique opportunity to experience Molokan culture and way of life. By the early 19th century, Molokanism was declared by the imperial authorities as a "particularly harmful heresy," which justified their exile from central Russia to the southern regions and newly acquired lands in the Caucasus. The authorities' goal was to eliminate religious dissent in the central provinces while using the Molokans to colonize and Russify the new territories. Molokan Settlements in Armenia In Soviet times, there were about 30 Molokan villages in Armenia. Notable Molokan settlements include Yelenovka (Sevan) founded in 1835, Nikitino (Fioletovo) in 1842, Vorontsovka (Tashir) in 1846, and Voskresenka (Lermontovo) in 1847. Today, Fioletovo is fully populated by Molokans, while Lermontovo remains partially settled. There are also communities in Yerevan and Dilijan. Fioletovo is one of the largest Molokan settlements in Armenia. Mixed marriages are discouraged here, and the Molokans have managed to create a small "Russia" within Armenia, preserving their faith, language, and traditions. Today, Fioletovo is a popular tourist destination, largely due to the Rudometkin guesthouse. Managed by Mikhail and Natalia Rudometkin, the guesthouse offers visitors a unique opportunity to experience Molokan culture and way of life. Services include culinary workshops where visitors can learn to cook traditional Molokan dishes, as well as bed and breakfast accommodations, allowing guests to enjoy a comfortable stay while immersing themselves in Molokan culture. With Ross in Molokan village Fioletovo, he just bought varenye and looks very happy Distinctive Features of the Molokan Community Molokans, as they are referred to by locals, base their beliefs on words from the second chapter of Peter's Epistle, where the consumption of pure milk is permitted as a form of spiritual sustenance. This principle became the foundation of their faith. In Russian, the expression "verbal milk" also refers to spiritual nourishment. Molokans were long persecuted in Russia as schismatics and heretics. They do not venerate saints, do not worship crosses or icons, and do not make the sign of the cross. They reject the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Their observance of Christian holidays is also distinctive: they celebrate Easter but do not recognize Christmas. Their interpretation of fasting allows the consumption of milk, which, according to one theory, explains the origin of their name. Pork and alcohol are strictly prohibited. The Molokan community is characterized by its strict separation from the outside world. Members of the community rarely interact with non-Molokans, and marriages are only allowed within the community. This isolation has allowed the Armenian Molokans to preserve their Slavic ethnic identity and Russian language, albeit with some regional variations. Molokans are known for their hardworking and conscientious nature, viewing labor as an essential aspect of a dignified life. Smoking and drunkenness are condemned, and alcohol is strictly forbidden. They prefer to drink compote and tea, the latter served in the traditional Russian manner using a samovar and special towels to wipe away sweat. Molokans primarily engage in agriculture (growing vegetables, particularly cabbage) and livestock farming (cattle and sheep). There are no kindergartens in their villages. Families are typically large, with 7-8 children. Divorce and abortion are not permitted. The only holiday they observe is Easter, while schoolchildren celebrate the New Year, though without the same festive atmosphere found in Russia. A book about Molokans written by Ruben Mangasaryan and Mark Grigoryan Molokan Lifestyle and Culture The appearance of Molokans has changed little since the 19th century: men still wear shirts untucked with long beards, while women wear headscarves and long skirts, donning embroidered garments on holidays. In the Molokan community, divorce is considered unacceptable and equated with adultery, leading to the excommunication of divorced individuals. The spiritual leader of the community is the presbyter, whose approval is necessary for making any significant decisions. Instead of churches, the Molokans gather in prayer houses, where prayers and hymns are read and sung on Saturdays and Sundays. Entertainment is deemed inappropriate as it leads to moral degradation. Secular literature is not encouraged, unlike spiritual texts such as the Old and New Testaments, or works by Maxim Rudometkin, a 19th-century spiritual leader of the Molokans. 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This article is about Che Guevara’s solo trip across central and northern Argentina on a motorized bicycle, covering a distance of approximately 4,000 miles. It ignited a stronger passion within the heart of the young explorer and unfolded new horizons for him. This marked only the commencement of his unfolding journey. < Back Che Guevara's first journey on a motorized bicycle This article is about Che Guevara’s solo trip across central and northern Argentina on a motorized bicycle, covering a distance of approximately 4,000 miles. It ignited a stronger passion within the heart of the young explorer and unfolded new horizons for him. This marked only the commencement of his unfolding journey. From early childhood, Ernesto "Che" Guevara loved to travel. His father wrote that with time he came to understand that "his obsession with traveling was just another part of his zeal for learning" (Guevara 1995:2). Ernesto's first noteworthy journey on his own took place in 1950 when he toured all of central and northern Argentina on a motorized bicycle - a trip of some 4,000 miles (Gambini 1968:22). At the time, he was 21 and a medical student at the University of Buenos Aires. It was a bicycle on which he had installed a small engine. During his journey, he stopped in Córdoba to visit his friends Tomás and Alberto Granado. Alberto was conducting research on lepers at a leprosarium near San Francisco del Chañar, and Ernesto, intrigued by his work, spent several days with him there. Che Guevara setting out on a 2,800 mile solo motorbike trip through the Argentine Northwest in 1950 From there, he headed north and encountered an interesting assortment of hobos, vagabonds, seasonal workers, poor indigenous inhabitants, and other socially marginalized people. He often stayed overnight in police stations and provincial hospitals, asking if he could sleep in vacant jail cells or empty hospital beds. As a result, "for the first time in his adult life, Ernesto witnessed the harsh duality of his country by crossing the divide from its transported European culture, which was also his culture, and...its ignored, backward, indigenous heartland" (Anderson 1997:63). Guevara relied upon the hospitality of strangers, a pattern that continued in his later travels with Granado. For example, after a puncture, he flagged down a lorry to take him to his next destination. In another instance, in Loreto, he sought hospitality from a local police officer when he had nowhere to stay. The trip influenced Guevara's style of traveling, as seen in the Motorcycle Diaries. For the young Guevara, the journey was an education. The motorized bicycle now at a Che museum in Alta Gracia, Argentina Upon returning to Buenos Aires, Ernesto took the motorbike back to the store where he bought it for reconditioning. When the store owner learned the details of the trip, he was astounded and asked Ernesto to provide a letter attesting to his fantastic journey using that particular brand of motorbike. This letter, along with a picture of Ernesto sitting on his motorbike, was published in a local sports magazine as an advertisement for that type of motorbike (Taibo 1996:35). They claimed it was very sturdy, given that Guevara had completed such a long tour using its power. The success of his Argentinian travels sparked in him a desire to explore the world more attentively and initiated the planning of new travel adventures. Gallery You May Also Like Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Guide in Armenia

I traced the iconic Raketa boats of Lake Sevan to find out where they are resting now. This article sheds light on their story and final resting places. Once highly popular among visitors, these hydrofoils became one of the true symbols of Lake Sevan. < Back The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan I traced the iconic Raketa boats of Lake Sevan to find out where they are resting now. This article sheds light on their story and final resting places. Once highly popular among visitors, these hydrofoils became one of the true symbols of Lake Sevan. The Raketa (Russian: Раке́та, meaning “Rocket” ) was the first type of hydrofoil boat produced commercially in the Soviet Union. Originally conceived in the late 1940s as Project 340 by chief designer Rostislav Alexeyev , the vessels were manufactured from 1957 until the midst 1970s. The "Raketa" boats of lake Sevan In total, around 400 hydrofoils were built. The first experimental vessel, Raketa-1 , was constructed at the Krasnoye Sormovo shipyard. Serial production was later established at the Feodosiya shipyard “More.” Between 1959 and 1976, 389 Raketas were built, more than thirty of which were exported abroad — to countries such as Austria, Cambodia, England, Finland, China, the Netherlands, and Poland. Their high-speed diesel engines were supplied by the Zvezda factory in Leningrad. One of the 2 "Raketa" boats that is now a restaurant The Raketa quickly became a symbol of Soviet engineering and modernity. They entered commercial service along the Volga River and other waterways across the USSR. One was even operated by the almighty KGB . Armenia also had its share of these iconic vessels. Two Raketas were brought to Lake Sevan , where they became highly popular among locals and tourists. Sleek, fast, and prestigious, they were in service until around 1985 . Today, they survive only as silent relics of a bygone era. Curious about their fate, I decided to track them down. What I found was a story of two very different destinies. One of the Raketas has been transformed into a restaurant on the way to the Artanish Peninsula. Fittingly, it still carries the name Raketa . The second, however, met a far grimmer fate. It sits abandoned on the other side of Sevan, near the road to Hayravank Monastery . Rusting quietly on the lakeshore within the grounds of an unfinished hotel, it is still visible from the highway. Earlier this year, I attempted to get closer for a photo. I parked near a garage — a mistake, as it turned out. The garage belonged to one of the site’s guards. With reconstruction of the hotel now underway, the territory is closely watched. By the time I realized I had taken the wrong path and tried to circle back, the guards had already found me. They were not happy with my presence, and despite my attempts to explain, I was not allowed near the abandoned Raketa. In the territory of the unfinished hotel I saw a swimming pool shaped like lake Sevan For now, the Raketa remains off-limits, a rusting monument to Soviet engineering slowly fading away on the shores of Sevan. But my search isn’t over. I plan to try again — and when I do, I’ll update this story. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Armenia’s Abandoned Orbita Antenna Previous Next

Nestled amidst the picturesque village of Sanahin, Armenia, lies the Mikoyan Brothers' Museum, dedicated to two brothers who left an indelible mark on Soviet history. This museum honors the remarkable achievements of Anastas Mikoyan, a prominent politician who rose through the ranks of the Soviet government, and Artem Mikoyan, a brilliant aircraft designer who co-created the legendary MiG fighter jets. < Back A Visit to Mikoyan Brothers' Museum Nestled amidst the picturesque village of Sanahin, Armenia, lies the Mikoyan Brothers' Museum, dedicated to two brothers who left an indelible mark on Soviet history. This museum honors the remarkable achievements of Anastas Mikoyan, a prominent politician who rose through the ranks of the Soviet government, and Artem Mikoyan, a brilliant aircraft designer who co-created the legendary MiG fighter jets. Sanahin village is renowned not only for its 10th-century Sanahin Monastery complex, a UNESCO World Heritage site, but also as the birthplace of Anastas and Artem Mikoyan. Artem was a renowned aircraft designer and co-founder of the Mikoyan-Gurevich (MiG) design bureau alongside Mikhail Gurevich. Anastas was a Soviet statesman and long-serving Politburo member, known for his roles in the Soviet food industry and international diplomacy, particularly during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He became a member of the Communist Party’s Central Committee in 1923 and remained at the highest levels of power through the eras of Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, and Brezhnev. MiG-21 "Fishbed" is on display outside the museum The Mikoyan Brothers' House-Museum was founded in 1971 to honor the contributions of Anastas and Artem Mikoyan to their homeland. The museum and memorial were opened on June 17, 1982. On its opening day, two of the most influential exhibits were brought from Moscow: a MiG plane and Artem Mikoyan's official car. Over the years, the house-museum has been enriched with additional exhibits. The museum was founded by Nushik Mikoyan, the daughter of Mikoyan's uncle. In 2017, the museum underwent renovation funded by the "Looking Forward" fund. The museum is conventionally divided into two sections: one dedicated to Artem and the other to the life and activities of Anastas Mikoyan. It houses a multilingual library that includes books on the brothers' activities, which visitors can use. Thematic books from various countries and archival documents are also available. A notable exhibit is a pilot's uniform donated by Peter Ostapenko, a test pilot for the MiG bureau who was involved in test flights from the MiG-19 to the MiG-31, setting eight world records. The pressurized uniform on display has remained largely unchanged for over 50 years, with similar uniforms still in use today. Visitors can explore models, blueprints, and photographs showcasing the evolution of MiG fighter jets, which played a pivotal role in Soviet aviation history. The museum features a GAZ-12 ZIM limousine once owned by Anastas Mikoyan, offering a glimpse into the lifestyle of a prominent Soviet leader The Mikoyan Brothers' Museum serves as a testament to the power of innovation, ambition, and the enduring Armenian spirit. The museum reminds visitors that Armenia, a nation rich in history and culture, has also produced remarkable individuals who have shaped the world stage. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Armenia’s Abandoned Orbita Antenna Previous Next

Explore Levon’s Divine Underground in Arinj, Armenia — a mysterious hand-carved cave created over 23 years by one man, Levon Arakelyan. Discover his incredible story, the cave’s intricate chambers, and how his legacy continues through his family today. < Back Inside Levon’s Divine Underground Explore Levon’s Divine Underground in Arinj, Armenia — a mysterious hand-carved cave created over 23 years by one man, Levon Arakelyan. Discover his incredible story, the cave’s intricate chambers, and how his legacy continues through his family today. In the quiet village of Arinj, just outside Yerevan, lies one of Armenia’s most unusual landmarks — Levon’s Divine Underground , a vast hand-carved cave created by a single man over more than two decades. This extraordinary site was built by Levon Arakelyan , who began digging in 1985 after his wife, Tosya , asked him to make a small cellar for storing potatoes. What started as a simple household project turned into a lifelong mission. Levon claimed that soon after he began digging, he experienced a vision — a voice from a mist urging him to keep going. Master Levon at work Armed only with a hammer and chisel, Levon continued to excavate tirelessly for 23 years , refusing to use power tools even as he dug through hard volcanic rock. The result is a 21-meter-deep network of seven rooms , connected by winding stairways and tunnels that cover about 300 square meters . Each chamber, he said, was inspired by new visions that guided his work. Levon even installed lights and wiring himself, envisioning a total of 74 unique rooms — a project left unfinished when he passed away in 2009. After his death, Mrs. Tosya turned the site into a museum to preserve her husband’s legacy. The cave maintains a constant temperature of around 10°C year-round. The museum’s first floor displays Levon’s personal belongings, tools, press articles, and guestbooks filled with visitors’ impressions. Outside in the courtyard, flower pots crafted from leftover stones and two wall murals — one depicting Levon with his hammer and chisel, and another showing Tosya holding a potato — serve as touching reminders of how a simple domestic request grew into a national curiosity. This is “Levon’s Eye.” At one point, Levon’s daughter asked me to look up — and my heart sank. It felt as if a vigilant eye was watching from above. This was one of the most striking moments of the visit. The ventilation shaft, carved in the shape of an eye, never fails to give visitors goosebumps. Today, Levon’s Divine Underground stands among Armenia’s most fascinating attractions, drawing travelers who come to witness the result of one man’s unwavering devotion and vision. The ticket sales, still managed by his family, continue to support them — keeping Levon’s story alive beneath the surface of Arinj. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Armenia’s Abandoned Orbita Antenna Previous Next

Discover the history and symbolism behind communist flags, including the iconic flag of the USSR and the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Learn about the red banner’s representation of unity, revolution, and the ideals of socialism and communism. This article delves into the origins of the hammer and sickle, the meaning of the five-pointed star, and the unique features of the Soviet-Armenian flag, highlighting their intricate designs and ideological significance. < Back Soviet Flag and Soviet-Armenian Flag Discover the history and symbolism behind communist flags, including the iconic flag of the USSR and the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Learn about the red banner’s representation of unity, revolution, and the ideals of socialism and communism. This article delves into the origins of the hammer and sickle, the meaning of the five-pointed star, and the unique features of the Soviet-Armenian flag, highlighting their intricate designs and ideological significance. Flag of the USSR The flag of the USSR , a state symbol of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (alongside the state coat of arms and state anthem), represented "the state sovereignty of the USSR and the unbreakable union of workers and peasants in the struggle to build a communist society." Flag of the USSR The red color of the flag symbolized the heroic struggle of the Soviet people, led by the CPSU, to build socialism and communism. The sickle and hammer represented the unshakable union of the working class and the kolkhoz peasantry. The red five-pointed star on the flag symbolized the eventual triumph of communist ideas on the five inhabited continents of the globe. Yevgeny Khaldei raises the Soviet flag over the Reichstag. This photo became a symbol of the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany The design featured a red rectangular canvas with a golden sickle and hammer in the upper corner near the flagpole. Above these symbols was a red five-pointed star with a golden border. The ratio of the flag's width to its length was 1:2. The USSR adopted its first flag in December 1922. Subsequent adjustments were made in 1923, 1924, 1936, and 1955 to refine details like the hammer’s handle length and the sickle’s shape. In 1980, an amendment to the 1955 decree removed the hammer and sickle from the reverse side of the flag, although the legal description remained unchanged. The 1955 Soviet flag design served as the basis for all flags of the Union Republics. The flags of the Soviet republics that constituted the USSR, as well as the Victory Banner, were all modified or adapted versions of the Soviet flag. For example, here is the flag of the Soviet Armenian Republic. Soviet Armenian Flag Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic between,1920—1922 The second flag of the Armenian SSR was introduced in the constitution adopted on February 2, 1922, by the First Congress of Soviets of the Armenian SSR. The 1922 flag was red with the Cyrillic characters ССРА (SSRA, for Социалистическая Советская Республика Армения, Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika Armeniya) in the upper left corner. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, February–March 1922 This flag existed for only a month because, on March 12, 1922, the Armenian SSR united with the Georgian SSR and the Azerbaijan SSR to form the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSR). This federation was dissolved in 1936, re-establishing the three republics as separate entities. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, between 1936 and 1940 Between 1936 and 1940, the flag of the Armenian SSR was red, featuring a gold hammer and sickle in the upper left corner. Beneath the hammer and sickle were the Armenian characters ՀԽՍՀ (HKSH, for Հայկական Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն, Haykakan Khorhrdayin Sotsialistakan Hanrapetutiun), written in gold. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, between 1940 and 1952 Between 1940 and 1952, following reforms in the Armenian language, the characters beneath the hammer and sickle were updated to ՀՍՍՌ (HSSR, for Հայկական Սովետական Սոցիալիստական Ռեսպուբլիկա, Haykakan Sovetakan Sotsialistakan Respublika), while retaining the same gold color. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, between 1952—1990 The flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was adopted on December 17, 1952, by decree of the Supreme Council of the ASSR. According to Article 167 of the 1978 Constitution of Armenia: The state flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic is a red rectangle with a blue stripe running along its entire length in the central part. In the upper left part of the flag, a golden sickle and hammer are depicted, and above them is a red five-pointed star with a golden border. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 1:2. On April 29, 1981, a regulation provided a more detailed description of the flag. It specified the placement and proportions of the hammer, sickle, and star: The hammer and sickle were placed within a square, the side of which equaled one-fifth of the flag's width. The sharp end of the sickle pointed upward, with the handles facing downward. The hammer's length measured three-quarters of the square's diagonal. A five-pointed star with a diameter of one-tenth of the flag's width was drawn within a circle at the square's upper edge. The symbols were positioned near the flagpole, with precise distances calculated to maintain symmetry and visual balance. The red and blue design highlighted the republic's place within the Soviet Union while emphasizing its distinct national identity. Both flags encapsulated the ideology and aspirations of the USSR, symbolizing unity, revolution, and the vision of a communist society. Their intricate designs reflected the importance placed on symbolism in Soviet statecraft. FAQ Soviet Flag vs. Communist Flag The Soviet flag is one of the most prominent examples of a communist flag, but the two terms are not entirely interchangeable. Communist flag generally refers to any flag associated with communism, including the hammer and sickle emblem used by various communist movements and parties worldwide. The Soviet flag specifically refers to the state flag of the USSR, which prominently featured the hammer and sickle along with a red five-pointed star. Gallery You May Also Like Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Guide in Armenia

In this article, I have selected the best hiking places to visit in Armenia, organized region by region (10 regions). This article is a perfect guide for those seeking quick insights into the top hiking trails. Whether you're looking for easy paths or challenging mountain ascents, Armenia offers something for every outdoor adventurer. From the towering peaks of Mount Aragats to the verdant forests of the Lori Region, Armenia's trails reveal a wealth of hidden treasures—ancient monasteries, imposing fortresses, dramatic gorges, and serene high-altitude lakes. Experience the best of Armenia’s diverse landscapes by joining my guided hiking tours and embark on an unforgettable outdoor adventure through the country's most captivating hiking destinations. < Back Hiking in Armenia - The Best Trails Across 10 Regions In this article, I have selected the best hiking places to visit in Armenia, organized region by region (10 regions). This article is a perfect guide for those seeking quick insights into the top hiking trails. Whether you're looking for easy paths or challenging mountain ascents, Armenia offers something for every outdoor adventurer. From the towering peaks of Mount Aragats to the verdant forests of the Lori Region, Armenia's trails reveal a wealth of hidden treasures—ancient monasteries, imposing fortresses, dramatic gorges, and serene high-altitude lakes. Experience the best of Armenia’s diverse landscapes by joining my guided hiking tours and embark on an unforgettable outdoor adventure through the country's most captivating hiking destinations. I’m Suren, a professional hiking guide in Armenia with over 11 years of experience leading and organizing tours. I guide in English and Russian, and I have an intermediate level of German. I offer private and group hiking, sightseeing, off-roading, and urbex tours throughout Armenia. With more than a decade of experience in the tourism industry, I’ve developed extensive expertise in planning safe and memorable adventures. In this article, I’ll share insights on the most popular hiking destinations across Armenia’s 10 regions, helping travelers discover the country’s breathtaking landscapes and hidden gems. Your outdoor adventure in Armenia starts here. Looking for a guide? Feel free to reach out for a personalized itinerary! The best hikes in Aragatsotn Region, Armenia Mount Aragats Lake Kari and mount Aragats Mount Aragats, the highest peak in Armenia, has four summits (Southern, Northern, Western, and Eastern) and rises to 4,090 meters, offering a variety of trekking routes. The most popular route is the climb to the southern summit from Lake Kari, known for its accessibility and relatively easy ascent. Lake Kari is the highest-altitude lake in Armenia accessible by sedan via an old but well-preserved asphalt road. The 4 summits of mount Aragats are named according to their relative geographic position: Northern —4,090 m (13,420 ft) Highest summit in Armenia Western —3,995 m (13,107 ft) Eastern —3,908 m (12,822 ft) Southern —3,888 m (12,756 ft) The distance from Lake Kari to the summit is 5.5 km, with an elevation gain of 688 meters. For those with some hiking experience, I recommend the Western Summit, especially when the snow is manageable (from mid-May to July, melting snow can hinder movement on the slopes). Although more challenging than the southern summit, the panoramic views make the effort worthwhile. This route is 6.5 km one way, with an 800-meter elevation gain. It's a bit steep, but if you're in good physical shape, you can make it without needing technical skills. On the slopes of mount Aragats For pro hikers, the northern summit offers a more demanding climb with steep paths and slippery slopes during the descent, rewarding you with breathtaking panoramic views of the entire region. You can start you hike either from Gegharot Waterfall (3000m) or from Lake Kari (3200m). From Gegharot waterfall the distance is 6km with an elevation gain of 1090 meters. For the Eastern Summit, you can combine it with an ascent to the Northern Summit—if you still have the energy, of course. However, be cautious, as the main challenge of this summit is falling rocks. The leading climber should always be mindful of those ascending behind. Amberd fortress On the way to Lake Kari (accessible on Sedan), you can explore the ancient Amberd Fortress and make experiments when reaching the fascinating Aragats Gravity Hill . At 3,200 meters, Lake Kari offers a refreshing swim—though the water is cold. Are you ready to take the plunge? Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail On Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail Located just 45 km from Yerevan, the Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail is an ideal hiking destination year-round. In winter, snowshoes are advisable due to deep snow cover. The trail offers two routes: the Big Loop and Small Loop, both winding through picturesque pine forests and alpine meadows. The hike culminates at the historic St. Poghos-Petros Basilica, which is partially submerged for several months each year. On clear days, enjoy stunning views of Mount Aragats and the serene reservoir. This trail provides a scenic and enjoyable hike without being overly strenuous. Lake Kari-Tirinkatar-Amberd Fortress Trail Me in Tirinkatar sacred valley! This trail, while slightly challenging due to its 25 km length, promises a highly rewarding hiking experience. Starting from Lake Kari allows for a primarily downhill trek, taking you past Amberd Lake and through the sacred Tirinkatar Valley before concluding near the Amberd Fortress. In Tirinkatar Valley, you'll encounter the ancient Vishaps or dragon stones, which in 2024 were added in the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List. Vishaps (Armenian word for “Dragon”) are basalt stelaes, standing 2-5 meters tall, are among Armenia’s oldest monuments, distinguished by their unique animal carvings and archaeological significance. This trail seamlessly combines history and nature, offering a deep connection to Armenia’s ancient heritage. Lake Rapi We are almost in Geghadzor village where we will park the car and start the hike to lake Rapi Located at an altitude of 3,000 meters, Lake Rapi is a popular hiking destination in Armenia. It offers stunning views of Mount Aragats, particularly its Northern Summit, which is especially beautiful in June and July when it is still covered in snow. The trail to Lake Rapi begins in the village of Geghadzor (2,217 meters) and is a radial route, covering a total distance of 24 kilometers with an elevation gain of 783 meters. The lake is also a favored spot for off-roading enthusiasts. The best hikes in Ararat Region, Armenia Yeranos mountain The view from the top of mount Yeranos Mount Yeranos is a popular hiking destination in Armenia, attracting outdoor enthusiasts like paragliders, off-road drivers, and hunters. Standing at 1,823 meters, it offers one of Armenia's most stunning landscapes. Located near the northern edge of the Ararat Region, the trail starts close to Norashen village and covers 9 km (one way) with an elevation gain of 756 meters. Hikers are rewarded with breathtaking views of Mount Ararat and the Azat Reservoir, as well as a unique landscape typical of this region, offering rare natural beauty. Azat Reservoir Trail Azat reservoir in winter Azat Reservoir, built in 1976, is located in the Ararat Region of Armenia and is a significant body of water formed by the Azat River. The reservoir has a storage capacity of approximately 70 million cubic meters, playing a vital role in the irrigation of the Ararat Valley, especially during the dry season. The Azat Reservoir trail spans 8 kilometers, offering hikers picturesque views of the surrounding landscape including mount Ararat and mount Yeranos. However, it is advisable to avoid the trail during the peak summer months due to extreme heat conditions, which can make the hike challenging and uncomfortable. Armavir Region While Armavir Region is home to renowned tourist attractions such as the Etchmiadzin Cathedral and the Sardarapat Memorial Complex, it is not widely known for hiking opportunities. For now, I will refrain from recommending any trails. Etchmiadzin Cathedral The best hikes in Gegharkunik Region, Armenia Mount Artanish On the way to mount Artanish Climbing Mount Artanish is one of the best hikes in Armenia, offering stunning views of Lake Sevan. Located 70 km from Yerevan in the Gegharkunik region, the hike starts from the Artist's Union Rest House in Shorzha. The trail is 5 km long (one way) with an elevation gain of 560 meters, making it a moderate challenge for hikers. Standing at 2,460 meters, Mount Artanish is the only peak from which Lake Sevan is entirely visible. After the climb, enjoy a refreshing swim in Sevan’s pristine waters—an unforgettable experience on your tours in Armenia! Mount Armaghan Mount Armaghan, located in the Gegharkunik region of Armenia, lies southwest of Lake Sevan, north of the Argichi River valley, at the intersection of the Geghama and Vardenis mountain ranges. The mountain rises to an elevation of 2,829 meters (9,281 feet). At its summit is a small crater lake, approximately 50 meters in diameter and 1.5 meters deep. Positioned within the Geghama mountain range, the peak is situated in the territory of the Verin Getashen community, about 20 kilometers from Martuni. The hike is considered moderately difficult spanning 8.5 km. The summit offers stunning panoramic views of the Gegham Mountains and Lake Sevan, making it a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts. Mount Azhdahak A tourist standing at the summit of mount Azhdahak Experience one of the best hikes in Armenia by climbing Mount Azhdahak, the highest summit of the Geghama Mountain Range. Standing at 3,597 meters, this extinct volcano boasts a crater lake, wild landscapes, and traces of ancient petroglyphs. The 5.5 km trail (one way) starts at the foot of Mount Paytasar with an elevation gain of 600 meters, offering moderate difficulty. As you ascend, discover unique flora and fauna and enjoy breathtaking views of Lake Sevan and nearby lakes, making this a must on tours in Armenia! Sevaberd – Lake Akna trail Me hiking around lake Akna Akna Lake, also known as Aknalich, is located at the border of the Kotayk and Gegharkunik provinces of Armenia, near the summit of the Geghama Mountains on the slope of Mount Aknasar. Situated 10 km west of Tsaghkashen village, the lake sits at an altitude of 3,030 meters above sea level and covers an area of 0.5 square kilometers. The lake is primarily fed by snowmelt and natural springs. To reach Akna Lake, hikers typically start from the village of Sevaberd. The trail is a long and challenging 22 km radial route, but the breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and the pristine lake make the effort worthwhile. The best hiking trails in Kotayk Region Mount Hatis Trail Mount Hatis in winter Mount Hatis is a favored hiking destination among locals, offering a moderately challenging trail with stunning panoramic views of the Kotayk region and Yerevan. Known for its distinctive conical shape and rich historical significance, the mountain attracts hikers year-round. The radial trail stretches 5.6 kilometers one way, leading to a summit elevation of 2,528 meters. Located just 2.5 kilometers from the village of Kaputan, Mount Hatis is also the source of the Karasunak springs, which originate from its southern foothills. Mount Ara Almost at the top of Mount Ara! Mount Aragats and Ara's "nose" create a dramatic backdrop Mount Ara, located on the border of the Kotayk and Aragatsotn regions of Armenia, southeast of Mount Aragats, rises to a height of 2,577 meters. This majestic peak offers not only breathtaking views but also a unique opportunity to explore Armenia's rich biodiversity and geological history. The mountain features a variety of hiking trails, including point-to-point, circular, and out-and-back routes, with an elevation gain of 870 meters over an 11 km hike. Relative to its height, the elevation gain presents a little big challenging hike. For comparison, the southern summit of Mount Aragats requires an 11 km hike with a 688-meter elevation gain. From Tegheniq to Tghit Cyclopean Fortress Aerial view of Tghit cyclopean fortress If you’re looking to step off the map and explore hidden gems of Armenia, the trail to Tghit Cyclopean Fortress is an excellent choice. This ancient fortress, dating back to the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, is situated 2.5 km west of Teghenik village in the Kotayk region, nestled on one of the forested peaks of the Tsaghkunyats mountain range. The hike spans 5 kilometers one way, with an ascent duration of approximately 2.5 to 3 hours. Hikers will gain an altitude of 640 meters, making the journey moderately challenging but rewarding. The trail offers not only a glimpse into Armenia’s rich ancient history but also breathtaking views of the surrounding landscapes, ensuring a memorable experience for adventure enthusiasts. The best hiking trails in Lori Region Odzun – Horomayr – Kobayr Trail Horomayr monastery (the lower complex or Dzoramiji Monastery) The Odzun-Horomayr-Kobayr trail offers an unforgettable experience, showcasing the breathtaking beauty of the Lori Gorge. This 9 km linear trail takes you through a scenic route where you will encounter ancient Armenian churches nestled high among the cliffs. Throughout your hike, you'll be accompanied by the breathtaking views of the Lori Gorge Horomayr Monastery is a stunning medieval complex located 1.5 km southeast of Odzun village in Armenia's Lori region. Built in the 12th and 13th centuries, it comprises two distinct groups of monuments. The lower Horomayr complex is situated on the Debed River's left bank, under a hanging rock, while the upper Horomayr complex, also known as Dzoraezri Monastery, is perched on the valley's edge. The upper complex is also known as Dzoraezri Monastery, and the lower group of monuments was historically referred to as Surb Nshan or Dzoramiji Monastery. Kobayr Monastery Kobayr Monastery, situated near the town of Tumanyan, dates back to the 12th century. This complex includes several medieval churches and is known for its beautiful frescoes and the serene natural surroundings. The monastery was an important cultural and educational center in medieval Armenia. Kayan Fortress Trail Kayan Berd (meaning fortress in Armenia) is a historic fortress located in the Lori province of Northern Armenia. Positioned strategically between the Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries, Kayan Berd is built at the edge of a ridge between two canyons overlooking the Debed River. Kayan Berd extends approximately 120 meters in length and features 15 semi-circular defense towers. Kayan Fortress The fortress is divided into two parts, the upper and lower sections, which are connected by a staircase-like inner gate. Within the territory of the fortress lies the Dsevank Monastery, which the historian Arakel Davrizhetsi refers to as “Tes yev ants” (“See and pass by”). The hike to the fortress is about 1.5 km one way and takes around an hour to reach. The hike can be also combined with Haghpat to Sanahin trail. From Haghpat to Sanahin Haghpat Monastery Haghpat and Sanahin Monasteries, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites, are located in Armenia's Lori Province. Dating back to the 10th-13th centuries, these medieval complexes are renowned for their unique Armenian architecture, intricate stone carvings, and cultural significance, reflecting the flourishing religious and academic life of medieval Armenia. Located in adjacent villages, you can hike from one site to the other. The 11 km trail, taking approximately 4 hours, offers picturesque landscapes of Armenia’s Lori region. During my hikes, we typically start from Haghpat. The best hikes in Shirak Region Mantash Waterfall Trail Mantash waterfall The Mantash Waterfall Trail, a hidden gem in the Shirak region of Armenia, offers a captivating hike through wild and untouched landscapes, culminating at a serene waterfall where hikers can unwind and enjoy the tranquil surroundings. Located 16 km southwest of Mets Mantash village on a right tributary of the Mantash River, this natural monument is officially recognized on the list of state natural monuments by the Ministry of Nature Protection of Armenia. The 14 km trail begins at Lake Kari, providing an immersive experience in Armenia’s pristine wilderness. Trchkan waterfall The trail to Trchkan Waterfall is relatively easy and suitable for hikers of all levels, making it an accessible destination. Trchkan is also popular for off-road adventures. The surrounding area is ideal for picnics and enjoying the natural scenery. The Sarapat-Trchkan trail is approximately 7 km one way and offers a scenic hike to the waterfall, even during winter, when visitors can witness the stunning frozen waterfall. Located on the border of Armenia’s Shirak and Lori provinces along the Chichkhan River, a left tributary of the Pambak River, Trchkan is the highest and most voluminous waterfall in Armenia, standing at 23.5 meters with an average water flow of about 1.5 tons per second. The best hiking trails in Syunik Region Tatev Monastery – Tatev Desert Trail The Big Desert of Tatev One of the most popular trails in Syunik, the route from Tatev Monastery to the Tatev Desert offers a breathtaking descent into the deep gorge. Starting at Tatev Monastery, you can finish the hike at Satan’s Bridge. This easy trail stretches for 6 km and can also be done as a radial route, starting and ending at Satan’s Bridge. Khot - Shinuhayr Trail Me in Hin (Old) Khot The trail starts in the village of Khot and leads to two abandoned villages—Hin Khot and Hin Shinuhayr—before continuing to the village of Shinuhayr. This 7.5 km trail will leave a lasting impression as you explore villages often referred to as the Armenian Machu Picchu. Lichq-Tsaghkar lake Trail This trail features stunning mountain scenery, with a 16 km radial hiking route offering some of the best views in Armenia. The lake is located in the Katar region of the Zangezur Mountains, 8 km southwest of Kajaran, at an altitude of 3,270 meters above sea level, covering an area of 3 hectares. Khustup Mountain Trail Khustup is a prominent mountain peak located in the eastern part of the Syunik Province in Armenia, approximately 10 km southwest of Kapan, within the Khustup-Katari Mountain Range. Standing at 3,201 meters, Khustup Mountain is a popular destination for experienced hikers seeking a challenging climb. The 14 km radial route offers breathtaking views of the Syunik region, particularly stunning in spring and up to midst summer when the slopes are adorned with vibrant wildflowers. The best hiking trails in Tavush Region Lastiver and Okon Monastery Trail The famous "Lastiver Cave" decorated with impressive bas-reliefs! The Lastiver Trail guides hikers through one of Armenia's most captivating forests, renowned for its lush greenery, cascading waterfalls, and ancient caves adorned with historical carvings. The trail to Lastiver spans 7 km, but for those wishing to visit the Okon Monastery, an additional 10 km must be added to the hike. The 17 km route culminates at Okon Monastery, a significant cultural landmark that offers a glimpse into Armenia’s rich monastic heritage. Okon monastery in autumn Situated in the Khachaghbyur Gorge near Yenokavan village in the Tavush region, the church dates back to 1863, and in front of it stands a winged khachkar (cross-stone) from the 12th-13th centuries. This scenic trail is accessible year-round, making it a perfect blend of nature and history. Matosavank - Jukhtak Loop Aerial photo of Matosavank monastery Matosavank - Jukhtak Loop, situated in Dilijan National Park, Tavush, is an easy 4.5 km trail. The path takes you to the 13th-century Jukhtak Monastery and then proceeds to Matosavank, another 13th-century monastery. The trail winds through dense forests, offering fresh air and a quick nature walk for those seeking a relaxing stroll. It will take you like 2 hours to complete. Mount Apakeqar Mount Apakeqar as seen from Dimats Trail Apakeqar is a mountain peak located in the Tavush Province of Armenia, in the southwestern section of the Ijevan mountain range, northeast of Haghartsin village and 1.5 km east of Hovk village, standing at an elevation of 1,651 meters. The 12 km linear hike begins in Hovk village and concludes in Haghartsin village, offering spectacular views, especially from the Haghartsin side. Despite its rugged appearance, the rocky summit is relatively accessible, making it an inviting challenge for hikers. Mount Dimats Embark on a guided hiking tour to Mount Dimats, a prominent peak in Armenia’s Tavush Region. This challenging 8.5 km (one way) linear trail, starting and ending at Teghut village, ascends 1,260 meters, offering spectacular views of Shaghot Waterfall and dramatic cliffs. The hike, which takes around 7.5 hours , is renowned for its scenic beauty and rewarding vistas. From Lake Parz to Goshavank Lake Parz in Dilijan National Park The Parz Lake to Gosh Village hike offers a moderately easy and scenic trail within Armenia's Dilijan National Park. This 6.3 km point-to-point route, taking about 2.5 hours, ascends 230 meters and descends 340 meters. Hikers will enjoy vibrant wildflowers and diverse bird species. The trail starts at Parz Lake and ends near the historic Goshavank Monastery, providing a refreshing escape with stunning natural beauty throughout the year. Those eager to hike more can continue their hike and reach Gosh lake. The best hiking trails in Vayots Dzor Region The Spitakavor Monastery trail is a 9 km route located in the Vayots Dzor Province of Armenia. Starting from Vernashen village (you can park your car near Gladzor University Museum and start your hike from there), the trail leads to the 14th-century Spitakavor Monastery. Exploring Spitakavor monastery Spitakavor Monastery is also the final resting place of Armenian national hero, military leader, and political figure Garegin Nzhdeh. In 1983, Nzhdeh’s remains were secretly transferred from a cemetery in Vladimir, Russia, to Armenia with the help of his brother and a photograph of his grave. The monastery complex was restored in the 1960s-70s and again in 2006. Smbataberd – Tsaghats Kar – Zorats Monastery trail The Smbataberd – Tsaghats Kar – Zorats Monastery hike is a 10.5 km route, perfect for those keen to explore Armenia's rich cultural heritage. This moderate 5-hour trek leads through diverse terrain, featuring the 5th-century Smbataberd fortress, attributed to Syunyat prince Smbat. The route includes the enigmatic Tsaghats Kar Monastic Complex, with its two distinct groups of structures separated by 200 meters, including the 10th-century Surb Karapet and 989-built Surb Hovhannes churches. The hike concludes in the historic village of Yeghegis near Zorats Monastery, built in 1303 by the Orbelian princes. With a 600-meter altitude gain, this trail offers an enriching blend of nature and history. Gallery You May Also Like Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Guide in Armenia

Aragats Gravity Hill is a fascinating phenomenon encountered on the route to Lake Kari or Amberd fotress. This unique anomaly, referred to as the Aragats anomaly, is a popular point of interest in Armenia, drawing both locals and tourists alike. < Back Aragats Gravity Hill Aragats Gravity Hill is a fascinating phenomenon encountered on the route to Lake Kari or Amberd fotress. This unique anomaly, referred to as the Aragats anomaly, is a popular point of interest in Armenia, drawing both locals and tourists alike. Hundreds of gravity hills are known worldwide (Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Chile, France, India, Greece etc.) and the one in Armenia is among the popular ones. Many of these sites have no specific name and are just called "Magnetic Hill", “Magnetic Road”, "Magic Road", “Gravity Hill”. In this video, you can see how a bottle rolls up the gravity hill! However, the reality is that it's all an optical illusion created by the surrounding landscape, making it appear as though the road is sloping upwards when, in fact, it's sloping downwards. A car left in neutral gear also appears to go up the hill The science behind Gravity Hill is intriguing. It's essentially an optical illusion created by the surrounding landscape's layout. This illusion causes a slight downhill slope to appear as an uphill slope. Consequently, when a car is left out of gear, it appears to roll uphill against the force of gravity. This effect is akin to what one might experience in an Ames room, where objects seem to defy gravity due to the room's distorted perspective. You can find the coordinates of Aragats Gravity Hill on my Telegram channel. https://t.me/armenianexplorer_ru/30 Gallery You May Also Like Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Guide in Armenia

The British Museum in London houses a remarkable artifact from ancient Armenia: the Bronze Head of the Goddess Anahit. This artifact, dating back to the 2nd-4th centuries BC, is a significant representation of the late Hellenistic period. < Back The Bronze Head of Anahit in the British Museum The British Museum in London houses a remarkable artifact from ancient Armenia: the Bronze Head of the Goddess Anahit. This artifact, dating back to the 2nd-4th centuries BC, is a significant representation of the late Hellenistic period. Anahit (Armenian: Անահիտ) is the goddess of fertility, healing, wisdom, and water in Armenian mythology. In early periods, she was also the goddess of war. By the 5th century BCE, she became the main deity in Armenia alongside Aramazd. The bronze head of Anahit was found in 1872 by an old man named Youssouf, who was digging in his field with a pickaxe, at a depth of around 2 feet (0.61 m), near the village of Sadak. The man uncovered fragments of a bronze statue, including the head and a hand. The head was acquired in Constantinople by Savas Kougioumtsoglou, a Greek antiquities dealer, who passed it to another dealer, Photiades Bey, then the Ottoman ambassador to Italy. Photiades took it to Rome, where it was sold to the art dealer Alessandro Castellani, an Italian goldsmith and collector, who, in turn, sold it to the British Museum in 1873. The Bronze Head of Anahit In a landmark agreement between the Museum of the History of Armenia and the British Museum, the head of the Goddess Anahit will be exhibited in Yerevan for the first time in September 2024. This event marks a significant moment in the appreciation and study of Armenian heritage. Anahit on a 5,000 Armenian dram banknote, in circulation from 1995 to 2005 The Bronze Head of Anahit is not just an artifact; it’s a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Armenia. Its journey from Sadak to the British Museum, and soon to Yerevan, is a story worth telling and retelling. Gallery You May Also Like Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Guide in Armenia

In this article, you’ll learn about a little-known abandoned observatory in Armenia, perched high in the mountains and wrapped in mystery due to its unclear past. < Back The Abandoned Observatory I Spent Years Searching For In this article, you’ll learn about a little-known abandoned observatory in Armenia, perched high in the mountains and wrapped in mystery due to its unclear past. Years ago, I was reading the blog of a foreign motorcyclist who had traveled through Armenia and Georgia. He had a photo of his bike parked next to a telescope tower. At first, I assumed it was somewhere in Georgia, but the caption said it was in Armenia. That really surprised me, and I tried to find out more — but there was absolutely no information about it. That same photo taken by the motorcycle traveler, showing the observation tower and his bike Time passed, and one day, while scanning Google Earth, I noticed a strange round structure and a few buildings. That was my first hint. I compared the mountain skyline with the traveler’s photo and realized I was finally on the right track. So off we went. The road was awful. To make things worse, I chose a shorter but completely wrong route and ended up crawling toward the summit on rough terrain. My Pajero handled it bravely, though, and eventually we made it to the site. As expected, not much had survived. Later I learned that the telescopes had been moved to the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory — where I eventually found them. The remaining buildings were left to decay, with cows wandering around and using them as shelter. This location reminded me of the famous Shorbulak Observatory, which is situated 4,350 meters above sea level in Tajikistan One of the towers, though, was surprisingly well-preserved, with its dome still in place. Despite the abandonment, the location didn’t disappoint. It had that pleasant urbex charm, a memorable view opening up from the summit, and fields full of wildflowers. I’ll keep digging into its history and update this article as soon as I uncover more reliable details. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Armenia’s Abandoned Orbita Antenna Previous Next

Step off the map and explore a cyclopean fortress that few people have visited. Though still a non popular destination I personally see a huge potential in this trail and consider it to be one of the best hikes an outdoor adventurer can take! Join my guided tour, discover and experience Armenia. < Back Hiking tour to Tghit cyclopean fortress Step off the map and explore a cyclopean fortress that few people have visited. Though still a non popular destination I personally see a huge potential in this trail and consider it to be one of the best hikes an outdoor adventurer can take! Join my guided tour, discover and experience Armenia. If you are the one who wants to step off the map and explore non-popular hiking destinations then this trail is for you. Tghit Cyclopic Fortress is a Late Bronze and Early Iron Age fortress located 2.5 km west of Tegehnik village in the Kotayk region, on one of the wooded peaks of the Tsaghkunyats mountain range. The thick bushes were hindering my advance but already I am a few meters away from conquering the cyclopean fortress! It was discovered in 1975 by the joint archaeological expedition of the Institutes of Art, Archaeology, and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR and the Armenian Studies Center of Yerevan University. The fortress comprises a walled settlement, a reservoir, and tombs, covering an area of approximately 1 hectare. I stood there, gazing in wonder, contemplating how our ancestors managed to build walls that have stood for thousands of years. In some places, the preserved parts of the walls and towers exceed 6 meters in height. The main gate is approximately 5 meters wide and two existing entrances are still intact. Coffee break inside Tghit cyclopean fortress Although extensive excavations have not been conducted on the site thus far, it beckons further exploration and study to unravel its secrets and shed light on this ancient civilization's remarkable accomplishments. Tour Details: Start: 7:30-8.00 AM from Yerevan Finish: Around 4-5 PM in Yerevan Hiking Distance: 5 km (One way) Duration: 2.5-3 hours (Ascent)! Altitude Gain: 640 meters Start point: Tegheniq village End point: Tegheniq village Difficulty: Moderate Trail Type: Out-and-Back Transportation: Sedan --------------- Tour Price to the Cyclopic Fortress Tghit Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group): 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! --------------- The price includes: Pick up & drop off (In Yerevan) Transportation in air conditioned vehicle Service of a guide -------------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) ----------- List of things you should consider taking: 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: Sufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots: Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! Project Gallery You May Also Like Suren, the hiking guide in Armenia 1-Day Hiking Tour to Lastiver from Yerevan Best One-Day Hiking Tours from Yerevan A Hiking Adventure to Mount Tesilk and its Mysterious Cave 2-Day Hiking and Sightseeing Tour in Armenia's Lori Region Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail 1-Day Hike to Mount Ara Hiking tour to mount Yeranos

This article explores Grigor Khanjyan’s monumental fresco-triptych, a decade-long masterpiece displayed in the Khandjian Gallery at Yerevan’s Cafesjian Art Center. Depicting key chapters of Armenian history—The Armenian Alphabet, Vardanank, and Resurrected Armenia—it is Khanjyan’s most celebrated work. Created under extreme conditions and completed after the artist’s death, the fresco stands as a powerful symbol of Armenia’s artistic, historical, and cultural identity. < Back Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade This article explores Grigor Khanjyan’s monumental fresco-triptych, a decade-long masterpiece displayed in the Khandjian Gallery at Yerevan’s Cafesjian Art Center. Depicting key chapters of Armenian history—The Armenian Alphabet, Vardanank, and Resurrected Armenia—it is Khanjyan’s most celebrated work. Created under extreme conditions and completed after the artist’s death, the fresco stands as a powerful symbol of Armenia’s artistic, historical, and cultural identity. A vast fresco-triptych illustrating the history of Armenia is exhibited in the Khandjian Gallery at the Cafesjian Art Center in Yerevan. Widely regarded as Grigor Khanjyan’s greatest achievement, the monument consists of three large-scale scenes commissioned during the Soviet period and left unfinished at the time of the artist’s death: The Armenian Alphabet (1992–1994), Vardanank (1995–1998), and Resurrected Armenia (1998–2000). The origins of the project date back to 1978, when Catholicos Vazgen I commissioned Khanjyan to create sketches based on the themes of Vardanank and the Armenian Alphabet for two monumental tapestries. While the Armenian Alphabet is self-explanatory, Vardanank refers to the heroic struggle of the Armenians, led by Vardan Mamikonian, against the Sassanid Persian Empire in 451 AD. Catholicos of All Armenians Vazgen I and Grigor Khanjyan In the summer of 1984, Khanjyan’s works The Armenian Alphabet and Vardanank were presented to the public for the first time. The tapestry sketches were exhibited at the House of the Artist in Yerevan and immediately attracted enormous attention. For weeks, thousands of visitors came daily to see the works, which touched upon some of the most significant chapters of Armenia’s past. The tapestries were later woven in France at the renowned Pinton Brothers workshop in Felletin, near Aubusson—an internationally famous center for high-quality tapestry production. In 1984, the finished tapestries were installed in the Pontifical Residence (Veharan) in Vagharshapat. As the residence was not open to the general public, access to the artworks remained limited, despite widespread public interest. Catholicos of All Armenians Vazgen I and Grigor Khanjyan at the House of Artists, 1981 To make the works accessible to everyone, Karen Demirchyan, then First Secretary of the Communist Party’s Central Committee, asked Khanjyan to recreate the compositions as monumental murals. Initially, the murals were planned for installation in the newly built Sports and Concert Complex (now the Karen Demirchyan Sports and Concert Complex), but no suitable wall was found. Instead, Khanjyan created the monumental Mother Armenia curtain-goblet for the complex, which was the second largest of its kind in the Soviet Union. At the suggestion of his close friend, architect Jim Torosyan, Khanjyan turned to the Cascade Complex, which was still under construction. A separate hall was allocated for the project. Specialists from Moscow prepared the wall and applied a special primer, creating the surface needed for the murals. Grigor Khanjyan at the construction of the Cascade with architect Jim Torosyan (left) Khanjyan started painting the frescoes in 1992 using the tempera technique. Each cardboard sketch was individually attached to the wall; one by one, Khanjyan removed them, traced the outlines, and applied the paint. The Armenian Alphabet was completed in 1994, followed by Vardanank in 1998. Khanjyan then added a third composition, Resurrected Armenia , on which he worked from 1998 until 2000. Grigory Khanjyan’s monumental fresco-triptych The artist worked entirely alone under harsh conditions. The hall was cold, often without electricity or proper equipment. Khanjyan suffered from serious health problems, including deteriorating eyesight. The death of his wife, Jemma, in 1997 was a devastating personal loss. Despite all this, he continued to work with remarkable determination, often without adequate compensation. Sadly, Resurrected Armenia remained unfinished. Grigor Khanjyan died on April 19, 2000. After his death, the work was continued by Professor Henrik Mamyan, a distinguished artist and professor at the Institute of Fine Arts, who followed Khanjyan’s original sketches. The work was completed in 2002. Grigor Khanjyan is working on the third part of the mural “Resurrected Armenia.” At the time, there were discussions about repurposing the first hall of the Cascade for official reception or ceremonial use, which alarmed Khanjyan’s family and the intellectual community. The situation was resolved when Gerard Cafesjian acquired the Cascade Complex, ensuring the preservation of the frescoes. The Cascade was subsequently renamed the Cafesjian Art Center, and the hall housing the murals became the Khanjyan Gallery. Today, the Cafesjian Art Center is one of Yerevan’s most visited cultural landmarks, and Khanjyan’s monumental fresco-triptych remains one of the city’s most profound artistic treasures. The Khanjyan Gallery is located within the Cafesjian Center for the Arts and is open from Friday to Sunday, 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM. The center is closed from Monday to Thursday. Entrance is free. Gallery You May Also Like Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Guide in Armenia