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Planning a tour to Armenia? Your outdoor adventure starts right here on my website Anchor 2 I’m Suren, your guide in Armenia If you are planning to travel to Armenia and need a local guide, my website is for you! Armenian Explorer offers the opportunity to contact your guide directly, discuss upcoming events, or create a personalized tour package with customizable itineraries. I provide hiking tours that showcase Armenia's stunning landscapes and popular destinations like Mount Aragats and Mount Azhdahak. Additionally, I offer unique urban exploration tours of abandoned Soviet buildings, perfect for those eager to explore the unknown. These tours can also be combined with hiking and cultural experiences, tailored to your interests. Contact me directly through the number provided at the bottom of the website to discuss your trip and customize your experience. Whether you're seeking outdoor adventure or historical exploration, I’m here to make your visit to Armenia unforgettable. About Me Anchor 1 Hiking in Armenia As an experienced guide in Armenia, I offer personalized hiking tours for all levels, from beginners to experienced hikers. Whether you want to conquer Mount Aragats, the highest summit in Armenia, or explore the popular but easier Mount Azhdahak, I provide memorable adventures. I offer both private and group tours to match your interests and skill level. Join my guided tours to experience Armenia’s stunning landscapes and have an unforgettable outdoor adventure. Urbex Armenia As a professional urbexer with 5 years of experience, I guide tourists into the world of urban decay. During our urban explorer tours, you will discover abandoned Soviet sanatoriums, planes, factories, Soviet monuments with otherworldly beauty, abandoned copper mines, telescopes, culture houses, and more. These locations are perfect not only for urban exploration photography but also for those seeking a memorable experience filled with excitement and a bit of adrenaline. Popular Tours in Armenia Discover the best tours in Armenia, showcasing iconic landscapes and hidden gems. Whether it's conquering Mount Aragats, exploring the volcanic beauty of Mount Azhdahak, or delving into abandoned Soviet-era sites, my guided tours offer unparalleled adventure. For water enthusiasts, try sup-boarding in Armenia's serene lakes, or for thrill-seekers, enjoy the excitement of off-roading through rugged terrain. As your dedicated guide in Armenia, I ensure each tour is unforgettable, tailored to your interests and skill level. Blog In the blog section of my website, you'll find in-depth articles covering the most sought-after topics related to Armenia. From the most popular hiking destinations to the creepiest abandoned buildings, these posts offer valuable insights into the rich history, culture, and natural beauty of our country. I also share stories of daring travelers and mountaineers whose adventures have left a lasting impact on me. Whether you're planning a visit or simply curious about this fascinating land, my blog offers a wealth of information to fuel your wanderlust.

< Back The History of Swastika and its Role In Armenian Culture This article navigates through the journey of the swastika, shedding light on its positive connotations while addressing its controversial modern associations. Explore the profound history of the swastika, a symbol embedded in diverse cultures, with a special focus on its significance in Armenia. Delve into the origins, meanings, and the oldest use of the swastika, also known as "arevakhach" in Armenian, symbolizing eternity. The swastika is an ancient symbol that has been used by various cultures and religions for thousands of years. It is a cross-like shape with four arms that are bent at right angles, forming a loop or a spiral. The word swastika comes from the Sanskrit language, meaning “conducive to well-being” or “good fortune.” The swastika has different meanings and interpretations depending on the context and orientation. In Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, the swastika represents the sun, prosperity, good luck, spiritual teachers, or the Buddha’s footsteps. It is often drawn on doors, thresholds, vehicles, scriptures, or temples as a sign of welcome or blessing. It is also used in ceremonies and festivals to mark auspicious occasions. In some Indo-European religions, such as Greek, Roman, Germanic, and Norse mythology, the swastika symbolizes lightning bolts or thunder gods. It is associated with power, strength, victory, or protection. It can also signify the four elements (earth, water, fire, air), the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter), or the four directions (north, south, east, west). The swastika was also found in ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Armenia, Mesopotamia, China, and India. The flag of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (1920–1945) features a swastika However, the swastika’s popularity declined in Europe after World War I when it was adopted by some far-right groups as a symbol of antisemitism and racial supremacy. The most notorious example was Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Party in Germany, who used the swastika as their emblem from 1920 to 1945. They claimed that the swastika represented their Aryan race and their ideology of Nazism. They also distorted its original meaning by associating it with violence and hatred. As a result of their atrocities during World War II and the Holocaust, many countries banned or restricted the use of the swastika in public places. Today, the swastika is still considered a hateful symbol by most people, especially those who suffered under Nazi oppression. Swastika sign on the fortress wall of medieval Armenian capital Ani However, the swastika is not universally rejected or condemned. In some Asian countries, such as Nepal, India, Thailand, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, China, and Japan, the swastika remains a sacred symbol of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It is still used for religious purposes, such as weddings, festivals, and pilgrimages. Swastika in Armenia - The Symbol of Eternity In Armenia, starting from ancient times, the swastika or arevakhach (from the words sun and cross) was a symbol of eternity, an ancient national symbol, and a symbol of the national identity of the Armenian people. The sign symbolizes good wishes, sun, life, fire, lightning, fertility, and childbirth, progress and development. Right and left rotations are assigned active and passive meanings and can be used to indicate these meanings. For example, a baby crib decorated with the symbol of eternity on the right rotation is intended for boys, and on the left rotation, for girls. One of the oldest known uses of the swastika can be traced in Armenia. A jar with the swastika sign was excavated in Shamkhor (historical Armenian land), dating back to 16th-15th centuries BC. The swastika sign can be traced among petroglyphs in Geghama mountains. Image Credits: Karen Tokhatyan In the modern-day territory of Armenia, the swastika sign can be traced among petroglyphs in the Geghama mountains, dating back to 8,000 – 5,000 BC. It represents one of the earliest uses of this mysterious symbol. In Armenia and its historical territories, the sign of eternity is found everywhere: on architectural pillars and elements, on the walls of churches, altars and frescoes, in miniatures, on khachkars, carpets, jewelry, clothes, household items and objects, in symbols of state, public, private and religious structures. Swastika sign can be also traced in Armenian rug weaving traditions! On this 17th century Armenian rug, in the center, we can see swastika sign. Today, for the Armenian people, the swastika still has a part especially in art and spiritual symbolic culture, the sign of eternity is an integral part and is universally distributed as a symbol of Armenian identity. A recent scandal involving the usage of the swastika: Kanye West, the rapper formerly known as Ye, was suspended from Twitter for violating the platform’s rules against incitement to violence. He posted an image of a swastika blended with a Star of David, a symbol of Judaism, on Thursday night (Dec 1, 2022). The tweet was quickly deleted. An image posted by Kanye West to Twitter before his suspension, December 1, 2022. The swastika’s history shows that it is not just one simple shape but a complex and diverse symbol that has been interpreted in different ways by different cultures and times. It reflects both positive and negative aspects of human civilization. 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< Back Exploring an abandoned chemical factory in Armenia This abandoned Soviet-era factory in Armenia had a lot to offer! Two notable things we discovered during this urbex tour were a unique fresco and a 'Lenin, Engels, Marx' mosaic. I wanted to get inside this abandoned factory in Armenia for a long time, and the time finally came! We had a vague information that there is a fresco in this factory and went to check it out. After wandering around for a while we finally spotted the fresco from outside and got inside the building! Glory to the Komsomol! My heart started to beat happily… the fresco was amazing! So far it is the only Soviet fresco that I found in Armenia with a Russian inscription on it: Слава комсомолу! Glory to the Komsomol! DETEKCNI TRUBICE We went on exploring further and got inside a room with lots of boxes called “Detekcni Trubice”! A quick google research said that: “Detekcni Trubice - UH - V detection tubes are intended for the determination of hydrocarbons and the lower explosive limit of solvent vapors in the air. The detection tube KT - 1 serves to determine the direction of air flow. Detection tubes are intended for single use.” We moved forward… suddenly my friend called “Hurry up! Look what I found”. With a smile on my face I am posing for a photo ... I entered a large room and saw on the wall a big mosaic of Lenin, Engels and Marx! It left a strong impression on me—a piece of history that may soon vanish… Needless to say that we also saw countless warning posters on the walls … For more check out the gallery below... Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like This Trophy 1m Schmidt Telescope Was Hitler's Gift to Mussolini Lenin in Armenia Exploring the Unfinished Depths of Yerevan Metro Urban Explorers Are Fascinated by This WWII Memorial KANAZ: The Cultural Heart of Kanaker’s Aluminium Factory Hammer and Sickle: The Most Iconic Soviet Symbol Urban Explorer Tour with a French Photographer Jesus Statue in Armenia Previous Next

< Back Iconic Soviet Statues and Monuments in Armenia Explore the rich tapestry of Soviet art with this guide to Soviet monuments and statues in Armenia. From the statue of Hayk Nahapet to the statue of Vladimir Lenin, discover how these landmarks reflect the artistic and ideological spirit of their time. Journey through history with iconic Soviet monuments and experience a unique blend of cultural heritage and artistic expression. Perfect for anyone interested in tours in Armenia and exploring its remarkable artistic history. When Armenia became part of the Soviet Union in 1920, the Soviet education system profoundly impacted the development of the arts in the country. The Soviet regime closely intertwined art and education, emphasizing the creation of works that reflected socialist ideals and the collective spirit. Beginning in 1921-22, the Leninist program of monumental propaganda was implemented in Soviet Armenia, marking the initial phase of Armenian Soviet sculpture. Sculpture as a professional art form flourished in Soviet Armenia, largely thanks to the pioneering efforts of Ara Sargsyan, Suren Stepanyan, Stepan Taryan, Aitsemnik Urartu, and Yervand Kochar, who later relocated to Armenia. These artists enriched Armenian sculpture with numerous monumental, mechanical, and decorative works, securing its place in Soviet multinational art. Prominent Armenian sculptors based in Moscow and Leningrad, such as Sergey Merkurov, Grigor Kepinov, Tigran Davtyan, and A. Stepanyan, also made significant contributions. Many Armenian artists often took creative risks, producing works that reflected their national history—a bold move that could be perceived as nationalistic by the Kremlin. Despite this, the Soviet government heavily invested in arts education, establishing specialized schools and institutes that trained a new generation of Armenian artists, sculptors, and architects. Yervand Kochar was a prominent sculptor and modern artist of the twentieth century, celebrated for his innovative contributions to art and his role as the founder of the Painting in Space movement. The development of Armenian sculpture in the Soviet union is closely associated with prominent artists like Ara Sargsyan, Aitsemnik Urartu, Stepan Taryan, Sergey Merkurov, and Yervand Kochar, who returned to Armenia in 1936. Inspired by the revival of their young country, these artists aimed to capture the distinctive character and atmosphere of the new historical period in their work. Their commitment and creativity during the 1920s and 30s helped shape the key characteristics of national sculpture—simplicity, restraint, and meaningful forms. Their monumental works were installed in Yerevan and other Armenian cities, while their significant pieces are preserved and exhibited in galleries. Armenian sculpture reached a new level of artistic expression in the post-war years, as artists began to celebrate new peacetime heroes. Leading figures, alongside a new generation of sculptors like Nikolay Nikoghosyan, Ara Harutyunyan, Sargis Ayvazyan, Ghukas Chubaryan and Karlen Nurijanyan continued to create sculptures ranging from monumental works to fine plastic art. They crafted images of their contemporaries, national heroes, and notable figures using stone, wood, and bronze, contributing lasting pieces to Armenian sculptural heritage. Ara Harutyunyan is another renowned sculptor of the 20th century, known for his impactful contributions to Armenian and Soviet art In the 1960s and 70s, Armenian sculpture gained new dimensions as younger sculptors like Levon Tokmajyan, Serzh Mehrabyan, Yuri Minassian, Vladimir Antashyan, Artashes Hovsepyan, Benik Petrosyan and Ara Shiraz began working alongside established masters. This generation sought to reinterpret ancient traditions and develop diverse and bold plastic expressions, enriching Armenian sculpture with fresh artistic visions. The legacy of Armenian sculpture continued to evolve through the works of talented sculptors of the 1980s and 1990s who introduced new concepts into the art form. Mother Armenia in Yerevan The current Mother Armenia statue replaced a monumental statue of Joseph Stalin, originally erected as a World War II victory memorial and considered a masterpiece by sculptor Sergey Merkurov. Following Stalin's death, his statue was secretly removed in 1962. In 1967, Ara Harutyunyan's Mother Armenia statue was installed, modeled after 17-year-old Zhenya Muradian. The statue stands 22 meters (72 ft) tall, with the entire monument reaching 51 meters (167 ft) atop its tuff stone pedestal. In 1970, the pedestal was converted into the Museum of Armenia in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945, marking the 25th anniversary of the victory. Mother Armenia in Gyumri Unveiled on May 9, 1975, the Mother Armenia statue in Gyumri commemorates the 30th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War and honors the memory of Gyumri's wartime participants. Created by sculptor Ara Sargsyan and architect Rafael Yeghoyan, the monument stands as a harmonious blend of architecture and sculpture, consisting of a 21-meter-high pedestal and a 20-meter-high statue. Mother Armenia in Ijevan The "Mother Armenia" monument, located in Ijevan, Tavush region, Armenia, is a significant historical and cultural landmark created in 1971 by sculptor Serzh Mehrabyan. Mother Armenia in the Tavush region, on the Armenia-Azerbaijan border In 1976, the 10-meter (some say 17-meter) aluminum sculpture of Mother Armenia, or Arevik, was created by Adibek Grigoryan and placed near Aygehovit village in Armenia's Tavush region, along the road to Azerbaijan. Originally intended for Central Asia, it was rejected for allegedly overemphasizing the female form. Later revised, the statue was installed at the border, symbolizing Armenia’s welcoming spirit to visitors from Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. Today, the area where it stands is part of the village of Aygehovit in Tavush region. Unfortunately, on the night of September 28-29, 2014, a strong wind caused the edging frame, resembling the 'rays of the sun,' to fall from the statue, but Mother Armenia remains standing tall. A monument at the entrance of Martuni city, sculptor Rafael Ekmalyan, 1965 The Weaver's Statue, sculpted by Tereza Mirzoyan in 1964, is a notable monument in Gyumri, Armenia, capturing the spirit of the city’s weaving and textile traditions. Tsovinar: The Iconic Soviet Monument of Hrazdan This striking Soviet monument, officially named "Long Live the Blue and Clear Sky," stands on the shores of Aghbyurak Reservoir in Hrazdan city. Dedicated to the 40th anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), it stands as a powerful reminder of the Armenian nation's active participation in the war. Sculpted in 1985 by the artist Khachatur Hakobyan (1951-2015), the monument is also referred to as "Parvana" in certain documents. However, it is more widely known by its unofficial name, "Tsovinar." When the reservoir level rises, the statue is partially submerged, creating a striking visual effect that further emphasizes its connection to the water and its mythological significance. "Strip of Eternity," sculpted by David Bejanyan in 1979, is a prominent monument located along the Yerevan-Sevan Highway. The monument in Gyumri titled "Научно-техническому прогрессу широкий размах" (translated as "A Broad Sweep to Scientific and Technical Progress") is a tribute to the spirit of innovation and technological advancement. The statue of Hayk Nahapet in Yerevan The statue of Hayk Nahapet is located in Yerevan, in the 2nd district of the Nor Nork administrative region, near Gai Avenue. The statue was initially installed near the "Moscow" Cinema (in 1970) and was later moved to its current location in 1975. The statue is made of forged copper and has a height of 3.5 meters. Sculptor: Karlen Nurijanyan, 1970 The statue of Tork Angegh in Yerevan The statue of Tork Angegh, created in 1982 by sculptor Karlen Nurijanyan, is located in Yerevan, Armenia. Tork Angegh is a deity of strength, courage in Armenian mythology. Known for his immense strength and power, Tork Angegh is considered one of the great-grandsons of Hayk Nahapet, the legendary patriarch of the Armenian nation. "King Trdat Defeats the Bull" in Abovyan city "King Trdat Defeats the Bull," created in 1977 by sculptor Karlen Nurijanyan, is a cast copper monument located in the Saralanj district of Abovyan city. The iconic "Chayka" at the entrance to Yerevan This monument at the entrance to Yerevan from the Abovyan side was designed by Van Khachatur in 1960 and is commonly known by its Russian name, “Чайка (Chayka),” meaning “Seagull.” Uniquely, the monument displays the word Чайка (Chayka) written in Armenian script (Չայկա), rather than the Armenian equivalent “Ճայ.” Initially, the design faced criticism, with some doubting its structural integrity and predicting it would collapse. However, the monument's ingenious engineering—a narrow, elongated form on one side balanced by a thicker, shorter section on the other—provides perfect stability. More than six decades later, it stands as a testament to innovative design and enduring craftsmanship. "Rebirth" memorial complex in Charentsavan city "Rebirth" memorial complex, 1980 at the entrance of Charentsavan city, architect Henrik Arakelyan, sculptor: Khachik Miridjanyan Stepan Shahumyan Monument in Stepanavan The statue of Stepan Shahumyan, located in the center of Stepanavan city in Lori Marz, was installed in 1982. Created by sculptor Ara Harutyunyan, this monument is an important cultural and historical landmark. It is listed among the immovable monuments of history and culture in Stepanavan, commemorating the significant contributions of Shahumyan to Armenian history. Stepan Shahumyan Monument in Yerevan The Stepan Shahumyan Monument, located in Yerevan, was erected in 1931 in Stepan Shahumyan Square, named after the prominent figure of the Communist Party, the USSR, and the international labor movement, Marxist theorist, sociologist, journalist, and publicist Stepan Shahumyan. The monument is made of granite and stands at 3.5 meters tall. The architect was Ivan Zholtovsky, and the sculptor was Sergey Merkurov, a People's Artist of both the USSR and Armenian SSR, and a full member of the USSR Academy of Arts. Previously, the site where the Shahumyan statue stands was occupied by the Russian church of St. Nicholas, which was demolished in the late 1920s, along with several other churches in old Yerevan. Alexander Myasnikyan Monument The Alexander Myasnikyan Monument, located in Yerevan, was erected in 1980 in honor of the Armenian party, political, and public figure Alexander Myasnikyan. The monument is made of granite and basalt and stands at a height of 8.6 meters. On one of the walls of the monument, the first line of a quatrain written by Yeghishe Charents on April 16, 1936, in memory of Myasnikyan, is engraved: «Նայիրյան արևն էր քո մեջ՝ լենինյան հրով ճառագած»: "The sun of Nairi was within you, shining with Lenin's fire." Bust of Nelson Stepanyan Nelson Stepanyan was a Soviet-Armenian flying ace, Il-2 pilot, and regimental commander in the Soviet Air Force who was twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The bust of Nelson Stepanyan is located in the center of Yerevan, in a children's park between Movses Khorenatsi, Grigor Lusavorich, Beirut, and Zakyan Streets. It was installed in 1950. Authors: Architect: Grigor Aghababyan Sculptor: Ara Sargsyan The bust is made of basalt and bronze, with a height of 4 meters. The pedestal displays Nelson Stepanyan's awards, including two stars of the Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin. Additionally, it is inscribed with the March 6, 1945 decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to award Nelson Stepanyan a second Gold Medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union and to install a bronze bust in his birthplace. On the back of the bust, the name of the sculptor, Ara Sargsyan, and the year the sculpture was created (1950) are engraved. World War II monument in Vanadzor This World War II monument was erected in 1973 through donations from the workers of the Kirovakan (now Vandzor) chemical factory. Architects: Rafik Boshyan, Boris Kocharyan, and Ashot Kanayan. Sculptors: Zhirayr Ketikyan, Ara Sargsyan, Mehrab Mirzakhanyan (Master Mehrab) The Statue of Mesrop Mashtots and Koryun by Ghukas Chubaryan, 1962 This statue, created by sculptor Ghukas Chubaryan in 1962, depicts Mesrop Mashtots, the creator of the Armenian alphabet, with Armenian letters positioned behind his right hand. Kneeling beside Mashtots' left leg is his devoted student, Koryun. To the left of the Armenian letters, on the wall, is the first sentence written in the Armenian script: "Ճանաչել զիմաստութիւն եւ զխրատ իմանալ զբանս հանճարոյ". On the right side of Koryun, an eagle holding a sword and shield is depicted, symbolizing strength and protection. The ceremonial unveiling of the monument took place on May 26, 1962, in honor of the 1600th anniversary of Mashtots' birth, celebrating his monumental contribution to Armenian culture and language. Lenin in Armenia During Soviet times, statues of Lenin were ubiquitous across Armenia, but things changed rapidly after the collapse of the Soviet Union. While many of these statues have been removed or relocated, only a few remain in their original locations. Here is one of them. A monument in Gagarin village dedicated to Yuri Gagarin and his historic first spaceflight Yeghishe Charents Monument in Yerevan The Yeghishe Charents Monument, erected in 1985, stands in Yerevan's Circular Park, opposite the Radio House. This 18.5-meter-tall bronze monument, created by architect Jim Torosyan and sculptor Nikoghayos Nikoghosyan, is a multi-figure composition. On the other side, a memorial column rises, crowned with an eternal flame. On the second column, there is an inscription with lines from Charents' poem, «Անկումների սարսափից» ('From the horror of falling')." «Ես եկել եմ դարերից ու գնում եմ հաղթական Դեպի դարերը նորից՝ դեպի վառվող Ապագան…»։ ("I have come from centuries and I am moving forward victoriously Toward the centuries again—toward the blazing Future..."). Architect: Jim Torosyan Sculptor: Nikoghayos Nikoghosyan Arshaluys Statue The Arshaluys statue, located along the Yerevan-Sevan highway and created by renowned sculptor Ara Harutyunyan, is one of the most iconic Soviet-era monuments. The statue gained international recognition when famed photographer Norman Parkinson captured a striking image of model Jerry Hall posing on it, which was featured in Vogue magazine. This photograph was later republished in color in the Sunday Times Magazine in 1982, further cementing the statue's cultural significance. King of the Forest Statue in Dilijan In 1966, while staying at Aghasi Khanjyan’s summer house in Dilijan, sculptor Ara Sargsyan was inspired by a giant tree. This led to the creation of his 1968 statue "King of the Forest," a reimagined version of his earlier work, "Goatman." The statue now stands near Khanjyan’s former residence, embodying the spirit of the forest. The Monument to the 50th Anniversary of Soviet Armenia This monument was installed in 1970 to mark the 50th anniversary of Soviet Armenia and can undoubtedly be called the most recognizable landmark of Dilijan, a unique symbol of the city. It is visible from nearly every part of Dilijan. The five edges of the monument represent each decade of those 50 years. The monument was designed by Seyran Avetisyan, Khoren Vatinyan, and Artur Tarkhanyan. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. 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< Back Horomayr Monastery: A Hidden Medieval Treasure in Armenia's Lori Region Explore the hidden beauty of Horomayr Monastery, a medieval architectural wonder in Armenia's Lori region. Perfect for those seeking outdoor adventure, this site offers stunning views of the Lori Gorge and is a must-visit on your tours in Armenia. Hike in Armenia along the scenic trails that lead to this captivating destination and discover the ancient treasures of Horomayr Monastery. Horomayr Monastery is a stunning medieval architectural complex located 1.5 km southeast of Odzun village in the Lori region of Armenia. Built in the 12th and 13th centuries, this complex consists of two distinct groups of monuments. The lower Horomayr complex is situated on the left bank slope of the Debed River, nestled under a vertically hanging rock, while the upper Horomayr complex is perched higher on the valley's edge. The upper complex is also known as Dzoraezri Monastery, and the lower group of monuments was historically referred to as Surb Nshan or Dzoramiji Monastery. The upper Horomayr complex known as Dzoraezri Monastery Dzoraezri Monastery features two churches, a vestibule, and a medieval cemetery on its western side. The Dzoramiji Monastery includes a small church-bell tower, a separate hall, chapels, khachkars, and rock carvings, all arranged in a harmonious row. From the upper complex, a breathtaking view of the Lori Gorge and the lower complex unfolds, captivating tourists who often find themselves sitting on the edge of the cliff, soaking in the majestic scenery. The lower Horomayr complex known as Dzoramiji Monastery The lower Horomayr complex is also a popular hiking destination, with a trail that starts in the center of Odzun village, winds through the Horomayr complex, and ends at Kobayr Monastery. Gallery You May Also Like Custom Cars in Soviet Armenia From Arecibo Observatory to Herouni Telescope in Armenia Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Aragats: Tips for Your Upcoming Tour 4 Reasons to Climb Mount Azhdahak Soviet Flag and Soviet-Armenian Flag 5 Reasons to Climb Mount Aragats Khor Virap Monastery: From the Pit to the First Christian Country From Burro Schmidt Tunnel to Levon’s Cave

< Back Inclined to Escape - The Daring Journey of Yuri Vetokhin from Soviet Chains Meet the incredible Yuri Aleksandrovich Vetokhin (March 19, 1928 – March 6, 2022), a daring writer and defector who challenged the Soviet Union. Attempting three escapes, he leaped from a cruise ship in 1979, swimming 30 km to freedom. His memoir "Inclined to Escape" vividly recounts his audacious journey. Born in Leningrad in 1928, Yuri Vetokhin’s early life was marked by tragedy when, during the siege of Leningrad, his parents perished in 1942. His uncle rescued the half-dead 13-year-old Yuri, transporting him across the ice of Lake Ladoga to an evacuation point. Yuri's journey began with studies at the Leningrad Naval School, but his life took a turn when his wife accused him of anti-Sovietism, leading to a turbulent divorce. Despite serving as a navigator and being a Communist Party member, Yuri's desire for freedom prevailed. In 1958, having left military service, Vetokhin moved to Leningrad. Throughout the 1960s, he worked as the chief engineer of the computer center of the Leningrad Engineering and Economic Institute, joined the Leningrad City Literary Association, and began preparing to escape abroad. Image of Yuri Vetokhin First Escape On August 13, 1963, Yuri executed his initial escape attempt, swimming across the USSR border from Batumi to Turkey. Lost in a night storm, he was arrested on August 14 and taken to the headquarters of the border troops of the Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Despite eight days of detention and interrogation, he managed to hide his intentions by posing as a marathon swimmer and was eventually released. Second Escape and Imprisonment On July 12, 1967, he made a second attempt to escape from the southern coast of Crimea but was discovered, arrested, and taken aboard a warship of the Black Sea Fleet. This led to charges under various articles of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR, ultimately resulting in Yuri's confinement to mental hospitals and prisons. Before the verdict was passed, he was held in Kharkov prison and then in Kherson prison. A forensic psychiatric examination in December 1967 declared him healthy, leading to his transfer to Moscow with a note on his personal file “inclined to escape,” which later became the title of his book. Held in Butyrskaya and Lefortovo prisons, he was eventually sent to the Dnepropetrovsk psychiatric special hospital in March 1968. The extensive treatments rendered him practically bedridden by the end of 1974. Liberation and Third Escape In 1975, he admitted mental illness, leading to his release from compulsory treatment. After his discharge, Yuri worked as a loader and began preparations for a new escape. The cruise ship “Ilyich” In October 1979, he purchased a ticket for a cruise ship journey from Vladivostok along the Japanese and Philippine Islands to the equator and back. On November 28, as part of a group of tourists, Vetokhin flew to Vladivostok. On November 29, the cruise ship “Ilyich,” carrying 500 tourists, including Vetokhin, set off on a journey. On December 9, 1979, as the ship, preparing to return, was drifting in the Molucca Sea, approximately 30 kilometers from the Indonesian islands, Vetokhin, waiting until dark, executed his escape. Hanging from the backside of the porthole, he jumped from an 8-meter height and, after swimming about 30 kilometers in 20 hours, reached one of the islands. After completing legal formalities in Indonesia and securing political asylum, Yuri moved to the United States in early 1980, residing in San Diego. His autobiographical book “Inclined to Escape,” went through several reprints and brought him fame. In 1989, the non-governmental organization Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge awarded Yuri Vetokhin the medal “For Courage.” Vetokhin gave lectures in the USA and Canada about his escape and in support of Soviet dissidents, also appearing on Radio Liberty. Inclined to Escape by Yuri Vetokhin. Image credts: Ebay. Seller: The Rare Book Collective Until his passing in 2022, Yuri led an active lifestyle, driving cars, swimming, fishing, and traveling extensively. His story is a testament to resilience, courage, and the unwavering pursuit of freedom, with his memoir serving as a gripping account of a life shaped by defiance and the relentless quest for liberty. Gallery You May Also Like Custom Cars in Soviet Armenia From Arecibo Observatory to Herouni Telescope in Armenia Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Aragats: Tips for Your Upcoming Tour 4 Reasons to Climb Mount Azhdahak Soviet Flag and Soviet-Armenian Flag 5 Reasons to Climb Mount Aragats Khor Virap Monastery: From the Pit to the First Christian Country From Burro Schmidt Tunnel to Levon’s Cave

< Back A Visit to the Tumanyan Matchbox Label Museum If you are traveling across the Lori region and looking for something special, something different, then this museum in Tumanyan town is for you. Here, you can find a cozy museum of matchbox labels and a unique café named Flying Samovar. Nestled amidst the lush landscapes of Armenia's Lori Province lies the tiny town of Tumanyan. While seemingly unassuming at first glance, Tumanyan boasts unique architecture and a museum that sparks the imagination and ignites a sense of nostalgia: the Tumanyan Matchbox Label Museum. Raffi, the founder of the museum, says that when he first came to Tumanyan, he was impressed by the combination of architecture and nature. This one-of-a-kind museum, established in 2021, proudly displays a collection exceeding 10,000 matchbox labels, each a miniature window into a bygone era. The trees conceal one of the most amazing museums of its kind The "Development of Innovative Tourism and Technologies for Armenia" program of the EU4Business initiative supported the establishment of the museum. While there are many Soviet labels, the museum includes labels from around the world, from Europe to India, as well as Japan and Australia. Countless themes are covered throughout the museum, although the collection seems to highlight labels related to public education campaigns, crafts, flags and coats of arms, space, humor, puzzles, and match-themed labels. For collectors, the museum provides a treasure trove. The oldest label proudly displayed dates back to 1920, a testament to the long and fascinating history of matchbox label design. Exploring Tumanyan Matchbox Label Museum The museum boasts an extensive collection of matchbox labels featuring famous individuals, including a unique series with drawings by Alexander Pushkin. Additionally, there are labels depicting the various nations of the USSR, as well as numerous labels themed around cosmonautics. This charming museum houses thousands of matchbox labels, showcasing a diverse array of national costumes and seals, educational themes, space imagery, and various symbolic motifs. It offers a unique and enriching experience for visitors. Matchboxes were truly a reflection of a given country and period. So, if you are familiar with the culture, history, public manners, and customs of a particular country, you will immediately distinguish which country the matchbox is from. Coffee break at "Flying Samovar Café," located just across from the museum Countries presented their sporting achievements, culture, customs, cities, and animal and plant diversity through matchbox labels. There is a very unique series that represents the history of aeromodelling, from the simplest helicopter to the modern airplane. After your tour, I also suggest you visit the “Flying Samovar Café” on the opposite side of the museum, where you can enjoy a cup of coffee with nice arched windows creating a panoramic view. You can also see rare posters and a small collection of clocks and typewriters. Gallery You May Also Like Custom Cars in Soviet Armenia From Arecibo Observatory to Herouni Telescope in Armenia Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Aragats: Tips for Your Upcoming Tour 4 Reasons to Climb Mount Azhdahak Soviet Flag and Soviet-Armenian Flag 5 Reasons to Climb Mount Aragats Khor Virap Monastery: From the Pit to the First Christian Country From Burro Schmidt Tunnel to Levon’s Cave

< Back Hiking tour to mount Dimats Dimats mountain has surely become one of the most popular hiking and off-roading destinations in Armenia in recent years! Take this guided hiking tour and make your trip to Armenia a memorable one! This article can be a good tourist guide for those who want to hike and explore Dimats trail. Thanks to its charming cliffs, Shaghot waterfall and photogenic views mount Dimats (2360 m) has become a popular hiking destination among tourists in Armenia! This is a peak in the Tavush Region of Armenia, in the southwestern part of Ijevan Mountains, 5 km northwest of Haghartsin village! On our way we will see lots of horses ... Then we will see the pearl of this place: Shaghot waterfall Shaghot waterfall is another popular tourist attraction! Imagine standing under the waterfall and watching water pouring down from the height of 46 meters... Details Of The Hiking Tour To Mount Dimats: Start: 7:30 from Yerevan Finish: Around 7.00 PM in Yerevan Hiking Distance: 8.5 km (One way) Duration: 4-4.5 hours (Ascent)! Altitude Gain: 1260 meters Start point: Teghut village (1100m) End point: Teghut village Difficulty: Difficult Trail Type: Linear Transportation: Sedan --------------- Tour Price to Dimats mountain: 1-4 Participants: 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! ---------------- The Price Includes: Transportation (Pick Up & Drop-off) Service of a guide. -------------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) ----------------- List of things you should consider taking: 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: Sufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots: Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! Me standing at the top of mount Dimats and taking drone shots! Project Gallery You May Also Like From Yerevan to Mount Aragats Hike Armenia by choosing the popular Smbataberd hiking trail Stand-Up Paddleboarding Tour to Azat Reservoir Hiking tour to mount Azhdahak Climbing Mount Artanish and Refreshing Swims in Sevan Lake Climbing mount Aragats (all 4 summits) Hiking from Lake Parz to Gosh Village Hiking tour to mount Dimats Previous Next

< Back Amberd Fortress: The History, Rise, and Fall of This Megalithic Marvel This article provides brief information about the medieval Armenian fortress Amberd. Learn about this iconic stronghold nestled on the slopes of Mount Aragats. Discover its rich history, architectural solutions, and archaeological discoveries. Amberd Fortress stands as one of the most formidable strongholds of medieval Armenia. Constructed in the Aragatsotn province on the southern slope of Mount Aragats, 7 kilometers north of Byurakan village, it dates back to the beginning of the 7th century. However, archaeological findings, including cyclopean walls, suggest the presence of a Bronze Age fortress on the site. Amberd fortress and Vahramashen church today Amberd's history is documented through two types of sources: stone inscriptions and the works of medieval Armenian historians. The fortress name appears predominantly as "Anberd" in epitaphs. S. Harutyunyan relied on this fact when writing his book “Anberd” (1978), although the castle is presently known as "Amberd." As Grigor Ghapantsyan writes, the old form "Anberd" was changed to the new form "Amberd" due to backward assimilation. The fortress comprises a three-story princely citadel, fortified walls, a bathhouse, a small chapel, a church, secret passages, and reservoirs. While the citadel's original three stories have mostly been collapsed, the upper two floors remain. Each floor contains five large rooms. The plan of the fortress. Credits: S. Harutyunyan's book "Anberd", 1978 Amberd fortress passed to the Bagratunis in the 8th century, becoming one of the most significant military fortifications of the Bagratuni kingdom. In the 10th century, the kings of Bagratuni entrusted it to the Pahlavuni princes, commanders of the Armenian troops. Two years after the fall of the Bagratuni kingdom of Ani in 1045, Byzantine troops captured Amberd in 1047. During the 1070s, the fortress was seized by the Seljuk Turks and converted into a military station. In 1196, Zakare and Ivane Zakaryan liberated Amberd and granted it to one of their general, Vache Vachutyan, who established it as his seat of power. In 1236, Amberd was captured and destroyed by the Mongols. The Vachutians rebuilt the castle at the end of the 13th century. However, Amberd was finally destroyed during the Timurid invasions at the end of the 14th century and was never rebuilt. Gallery You May Also Like Custom Cars in Soviet Armenia From Arecibo Observatory to Herouni Telescope in Armenia Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Aragats: Tips for Your Upcoming Tour 4 Reasons to Climb Mount Azhdahak Soviet Flag and Soviet-Armenian Flag 5 Reasons to Climb Mount Aragats Khor Virap Monastery: From the Pit to the First Christian Country From Burro Schmidt Tunnel to Levon’s Cave

< Back Tuff Stone and Armenian Architecture Explore the rich history and unique properties of tuff, a volcanic rock, through our article. Discover why Armenians consider it a national stone, widely used in construction and crafting khachkars. Learn how tuff buildings, especially in Yerevan, the "pink city," offer natural ventilation and temperature stability. Uncover the diverse colors of Armenian tuff and its significant role in shaping iconic structures. Tuff is a type of rock formed from volcanic ash that is expelled during a volcanic eruption. After the ash is ejected and settles, it becomes compacted and solidifies into rock. When a rock contains more than 75% volcanic ash, it is classified as tuff. If it contains between 25% and 75% ash, it is called tuffaceous, such as tuffaceous sandstone. Additionally, tuff made up of sandy volcanic material is sometimes referred to as volcanic sandstone. The stone is lightweight, strong, and has low thermal conductivity, making it an excellent building material. Tuff is easy to cut, and sculpting figures on it is straightforward. It is an excellent material for crafting khachkars or bas-reliefs. The entrance to the Sardarapat Memorial Complex features two bulls crafted from red tuff. Tuff buildings provide natural ventilation due to the pores in the stones. The stone's ability to breathe helps maintain a stable temperature in cold winters and hot summers. Tuff stone is classified based on its composition, the nature of its fragments, and fragment size. Chemically, tuff can be categorized as liparitic, dacitic, andesitic, or basaltic. Types of Tuff Stone in Armenia The Armenian Highland is a rich source of tuff, available in various colors like pink, purple, black, red, orange, and brown. Armenians have utilized tuff for centuries, considering it a national stone extensively used in construction throughout Armenia. Tuff deposits are predominantly found across the Armenian volcanic plateau, including the Aragats Massif, Kars Plateau, Syunik, Byurakan, Javakhk Plateaus, Kotayk, Yeghvard Plateaus, Shirak Plain, Ararat Valley foothills, and the Akhuryan and Pambak river valleys. Notable Armenian volcanic tuffs include Artik (pink), Ani (yellow), Yerevan-Gyumri (black and red), Geghakar (from the Gegharkunik region, in light pink and flesh tones), Metsavan (dark pink, reddish, and yellowish hues), and Dzoraget (from the Lori region, in brick-red and reddish shades). The Pink City: Yerevan Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, is famously known as the "Pink City" due to the widespread use of pink tuff stone in its architecture. The stone's unique color gives the city a warm and welcoming atmosphere, especially under the sunlight, where the pink hues seem to glow. The pink tuff used in Yerevan's buildings comes primarily from quarries in the nearby regions of Ararat and Vayots Dzor. From government buildings and theaters to residential homes, the stone is everywhere in Yerevan, giving the city a cohesive and distinctive character. The use of pink tuff is not just a modern phenomenon; it has been a key feature of Yerevan's architecture since its founding, and it continues to be a symbol of the city's identity. The Black City: Gyumri In contrast to Yerevan's pink tuff, Gyumri is known as the "Black City" because of the extensive use of black tuff in its construction. The stone's dark color gives the city a more austere and historic feel, reflective of its resilience in the face of past earthquakes and hardships. The Black Fortress in Gyumri, constructed from black tuff stone Gyumri, Armenia's second-largest city, has a rich architectural heritage, with many buildings constructed from black tuff stone. The use of this material is not just a stylistic choice but also a nod to the region's natural resources. The black tuff provides a striking contrast to the surrounding landscapes and the bright, open skies above. Yererouk Basilica is constructed from fine and durable red tuff stone This versatile stone plays a dominant role in Armenian architecture, particularly in Yerevan, known as the "pink city" due to its extensive use of tuff. Armenian tuff, with its unique properties, contributes to the creation of some of the most beautiful and iconic structures in the country. In 1946, a small village in Armenia was renamed Tufashen, literally meaning "village built of Tuff." Gallery You May Also Like Custom Cars in Soviet Armenia From Arecibo Observatory to Herouni Telescope in Armenia Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Aragats: Tips for Your Upcoming Tour 4 Reasons to Climb Mount Azhdahak Soviet Flag and Soviet-Armenian Flag 5 Reasons to Climb Mount Aragats Khor Virap Monastery: From the Pit to the First Christian Country From Burro Schmidt Tunnel to Levon’s Cave

< Back Deep in the Woods We Discovered This Soviet Pioneer Camp Few urban explorers visit this abandoned place in Armenia! We stepped in to explore and found out that not much is left! Only bare walls and a few paintings... In Soviet times, there were 200 pioneer camps in Armenia, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union, only about 10 of them managed to survive. These pioneer camps were primarily located outside the cities, nestled in the woods. Today, these once-vibrant places have become abandoned, overgrown with thick bushes, making them perfect for urban explorations. While exploring the Syunik region with G. Mattu, we decided to check out a location we had vague information about as being a former pioneer camp. We drove to the once-popular Baghaberd Pioneer Camp. The road was old but had decent asphalt, so we reached it fairly quickly. It turned out that nowadays, the place serves as a spot where locals come for picnics. We walked around, but the old buildings were heavily looted, and there wasn't much left. Some paintings were still on the walls of the canteen, but overall, nothing significant remained. We walked around, took some photos, and left. Despite the current state of disrepair, the site offered a glimpse into the past, evoking memories of a time when it was filled with the laughter and energy of children. The architectural style, though deteriorating, still carried the essence of Soviet design, with its utilitarian structures and communal spaces. On one metal sign, we saw the Communist symbol "Hammer and Sickle." As you know, that symbol represented proletarian solidarity between agricultural and industrial workers. The exploration highlighted the stark contrast between the past and present, reflecting the broader changes that Armenia has undergone since the Soviet era. While the physical structures are decaying, they stand as silent witnesses to a bygone era, telling stories of the countless young lives that once passed through their doors. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like This Trophy 1m Schmidt Telescope Was Hitler's Gift to Mussolini Lenin in Armenia Exploring the Unfinished Depths of Yerevan Metro Urban Explorers Are Fascinated by This WWII Memorial KANAZ: The Cultural Heart of Kanaker’s Aluminium Factory Hammer and Sickle: The Most Iconic Soviet Symbol Urban Explorer Tour with a French Photographer Jesus Statue in Armenia Previous Next

< Back 4 Reasons to Climb Mount Azhdahak Embark on a memorable adventure to the summit of Mount Azhdahak, the highest peak in the Geghama Range. Traverse challenging off-road routes, witness stunning alpine lakes, and ascend to the summit, rewarded with panoramic views of the crater lake and distant horizons. Delve into Armenia's rich history by exploring ancient archaeological sites, including enigmatic petroglyphs and legendary dragon-stones. Immerse yourself in the diverse ecosystem of the Geghama Mountains, home to a variety of wildlife and unique flora. Off-Road Adventures The rugged terrain of the Geghama Mountains is a paradise for off-road enthusiasts, requiring robust, off-road-ready vehicles to navigate the challenging landscapes. A popular destination for off-road adventurers is Lake Akna, a scenic spot where drivers often camp overnight. Other noteworthy off-road sites include the base of Mount Paytasar and the base of Mount Azhdahak—ideal for those looking to summit the peak. For a more challenging drive, the route to Lake Badi promises both difficulty and rewarding scenery. An off-road trip to Lake Paytasar in early November The Thrill of the Azhdahak Ascent Standing at 3,597 meters, Azhdahak is the highest peak in the Geghama Range. Hikers typically start from the base of Mount Paytasar, following a scenic route through alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and volcanic landscapes. The final ascent rewards climbers with breathtaking panoramic views, revealing the crater lake atop Azhdahak, Lake Akna, Lake Vishapalich, and even the distant Lake Sevan. For those seeking an extended adventure, the Geghama Mountains offer several ideal multi-day hiking trails, with Lake Akna and Lake Badi serving as excellent camping sites. Aerial photo of mount Azhdahak Historical Significance and Archaeological Sites Geghama mountains are rich in petroglyphs and vishapakars (dragon-stones), artifacts that bring Armenia’s ancient past to life. The petroglyphs depict scenes of early human life, celestial bodies, animals and spiritual symbols. Dragon-stones, or vishaps, are mystical monoliths scattered across high altitudes near water sources, believed to be tied to ancient water worship. These fascinating artifacts, dating back thousands of years, offer valuable historical insights and reveal Armenia’s early human and animal presence. Vishaps of Geghama mountains Diverse Flora and Fauna The Geghama Mountains boast a vibrant ecosystem that appeals to naturalists and wildlife enthusiasts alike. Rare plant species like the peacock-eye pink and basket of gold flourish here, while the fauna includes majestic birds such as the golden eagle and bearded vulture, as well as foxes, wolves, and various reptiles. This ecological diversity highlights Armenia’s rich natural heritage, providing an immersive experience for all who venture into the Geghama Mountains. Dianthus pavonius, the peacock-eye pink Gallery You May Also Like Custom Cars in Soviet Armenia From Arecibo Observatory to Herouni Telescope in Armenia Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Aragats: Tips for Your Upcoming Tour 4 Reasons to Climb Mount Azhdahak Soviet Flag and Soviet-Armenian Flag 5 Reasons to Climb Mount Aragats Khor Virap Monastery: From the Pit to the First Christian Country From Burro Schmidt Tunnel to Levon’s Cave