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The Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico and the ROT54 telescope in Armenia are connected in their shared purpose of advancing radio astronomy and space science, albeit with differences in scale, design, and focus. Both installations were pioneers in radio astronomy, leveraging fixed spherical dishes to achieve high sensitivity for observing faint objects. However, they were built independently, with different designs and under distinct geopolitical contexts. Let’s talk about these scientific marvels which are now echoes of the bygone past. < Back From Arecibo Observatory to Herouni Telescope in Armenia The Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico and the ROT54 telescope in Armenia are connected in their shared purpose of advancing radio astronomy and space science, albeit with differences in scale, design, and focus. Both installations were pioneers in radio astronomy, leveraging fixed spherical dishes to achieve high sensitivity for observing faint objects. However, they were built independently, with different designs and under distinct geopolitical contexts. Let’s talk about these scientific marvels which are now echoes of the bygone past. Arecibo Observatory: The Hanging Giant Completed in 1963, the Arecibo Observatory was once the largest single-aperture radio telescope in the world, featuring a vast 305-meter-wide dish embedded within a natural limestone sinkhole. Located near the city of Arecibo in Puerto Rico, it was initially designed to study the ionosphere but later became a vital tool for space exploration and radio astronomy. The observatory's design included a cable-mounted steerable receiver, along with several radar transmitters placed 150 meters above the dish. Assembly of cables supporting reflecting dish. 1963 The dish itself was fixed to the Earth, which meant it could only point to the section of the sky directly overhead. To overcome this limitation, the designers opted for a spherical dish instead of a traditional parabolic one. This choice allowed the telescope to receive signals from a broader range of angles, though it required careful adjustments for optimal functionality. Aerial view of Arecibo Observatory in December 2012 The telescope's instruments were housed on a triangular platform suspended above the dish by steel cables, supported by three reinforced concrete towers positioned at the 4, 8, and 12 o'clock positions. These cables were crucial for maintaining the platform’s position and stability. As the telescope’s capabilities expanded, additional upgrades were made, including the introduction of the Gregorian dome in 1997, which housed additional reflectors to improve signal focus. While this upgrade enhanced the telescope’s performance, it also added significant weight to the structure. To support this added load, the observatory’s engineers reinforced the system with auxiliary cables, backstays, and tie-downs to maintain the platform's stability. The beam-steering mechanism of Arecibo telescope A sophisticated laser ranging system helped adjust the tension in these cables, ensuring that the platform remained perfectly stable and aligned within millimeter precision—an essential feature for such a sensitive scientific instrument. For 53 years, from its completion in 1963 until 2016, Arecibo held the title of the world’s largest single-aperture radio telescope, until it was surpassed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) in Guizhou, China. Arecibo played a central role in research across several scientific domains, including radio astronomy, atmospheric science, and radar astronomy. It also contributed significantly to programs focused on detecting near-Earth objects and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). Scientists from around the world submitted research proposals for the observatory, which were rigorously evaluated by independent referees. Notably, NASA utilized Arecibo for projects like near-Earth object detection. Here is a list of key discoveries made by the Arecibo Observatory: 1967: Arecibo discovered that Mercury’s rotation rate is 59 days, not the previously estimated 88 days. 1972: The observatory was used to simultaneously heat and observe the D- and E-regions of the ionosphere. 1974: Arecibo discovered the first-ever binary pulsar, a breakthrough that earned Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Taylor the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics. 1975: S-band radar observations of Mars were made to support NASA’s Viking mission. 1981: Arecibo produced the first radar maps of Venus’s surface. 1992: The observatory discovered the first-ever exoplanet, followed by the discovery of an entire planetary system around the pulsar PSR 1257+12. 1994: Arecibo mapped the distribution of polar ice on Mercury. 1996: Arecibo detected the ionized helium layer in the ionosphere. 2006: The observatory made observations of ionospheric perturbations caused by a tropical storm. 2008: Arecibo detected methanimine and hydrogen cyanide molecules in a galaxy 250 million light-years away—key ingredients for forming amino acids. 2016: The observatory discovered the first-ever repeating fast radio burst, which showed that the source of the burst survives, ruling out certain models of catastrophic explosions. 2017: Arecibo discovered two pulsars that intermittently vanish and reappear, challenging the belief that pulsars are consistent, orderly timekeepers. These discoveries underscore Arecibo's vital contributions to radio astronomy and space exploration. Arecibo Observatory's collapse! Credits: Arecibo Observatory and U.S. National Science Foundation Facility In the early 2000s, NASA began to reduce its funding for the Arecibo Observatory, which increased pressure on the National Science Foundation (NSF) to maintain financial support. In 2006, the NSF first suggested the possibility of significantly reducing its funding and potentially decommissioning the observatory. In 2017, damage to the telescope from Hurricane Maria prompted the NSF to reconsider decommissioning due to the growing costs of maintenance. Following a series of cable failures in August and November 2020, the NSF announced its decision to decommission the telescope via controlled demolition, although other facilities at the observatory would remain operational. The Arecibo Telescope during demolition process, December 2021 Before demolition could proceed safely, additional support cables at the Arecibo Observatory failed on December 1, 2020, at 7:55 A.M. local time, triggering a catastrophic collapse. In under 30 seconds, a supporting cable from one of the three towers broke, weakened by years of corrosion and moisture. This led to the suspended antenna falling more than 500 feet (150 meters) into the dish below, causing extensive damage to the telescope. The collapse marked a significant blow to the observatory, just months after an earlier cable failure had prompted the decision to decommission the facility The observatory’s distinctive and futuristic design captured public imagination, leading to its inclusion in several film, television, and video game productions. It is famously featured in the climactic scene of the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye. Furthermore, Arecibo is one of the 116 images included in the Voyager Golden Record, a collection of humanity’s achievements launched into space on the Voyager spacecraft. Since 2008, it has been listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, recognizing its significant contributions to science and popular culture. ROT54: Armenia’s Celestial Eye The ROT54 telescope in Armenia represents a distinct chapter in the history of astronomical exploration. Built during the Soviet era, this 54-meter radio telescope was designed to study astrophysical phenomena such as pulsars and cosmic microwave background radiation. Located in Orgov village, on the south slopes of Mount Aragats, Armenia’s tallest peak, the telescope’s position provided an exceptional vantage point for observing the universe. The construction process of ROT54 telescope in Orgov village Constructed between 1975 and 1985, ROT54 became operational in 1986, continuing its work until 1990, when financial and technical challenges led to its deactivation. A proposal to restore the facility emerged in the mid-1990s, leading to a modernization phase between 1995 and 2010. This upgrade included the installation of new control computers and updated feeds, and operations resumed in collaboration with the Astronomical Society of Russia and the National Technical University of Athens. However, in 2012, operations were halted again after a control arm failure immobilized the secondary mirror. Herouni Mirror Radio Telescope (Зеркальный радиотелескоп геруни) Patent No. 1377941 ROT54 is composed of 4,000 mirrors and features a large two-mirror antenna with a 54-meter diameter, complemented by an optical telescope with a 2.6-meter diameter. During its operational years, the telescope made significant contributions to astrophysics. For instance, in 1985, it recorded a powerful radio flare from the red giant star Eta Gemini, a phenomenon that had never been observed before. The telescope's high sensitivity enabled it to detect faint radio emissions from distant stars and galaxies, contributing valuable data to the scientific community. Additionally, ROT54’s remarkably low noise levels allowed its creator, Paris Herouni, to challenge prevailing cosmological theories. Notably, it was used to investigate the existence of the "relic background" and to test the Big Bang theory. Aerial footage of ROT54 Similarities and Contrasts Both Arecibo and ROT54 are prime examples of the power of large-scale radio telescopes in expanding our understanding of the cosmos. The two observatories had their own destiny, however: Arecibo gained worldwide recognition for its groundbreaking discoveries, while ROT54 operated quietly within the Soviet Union, largely unnoticed by the rest of the world. Me sitting in the control room of ROT54 Conclusion The Arecibo Observatory and ROT54 telescope are monuments to human curiosity, innovation, and the pursuit of knowledge. Arecibo’s legacy lives on in the annals of space exploration, while ROT54 continues to inspire as a relic of Soviet ingenuity and Armenian heritage. Together, these observatories highlight humanity’s unyielding quest to understand the universe, and their enduring appeal ensures that the search for knowledge remains a universal endeavor. 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In 1971, 17-year-old Juliane Koepcke boarded a plane destined for Christmas with her mother. Their journey took a tragic turn when lightning struck the aircraft, causing it to disintegrate mid-flight. Juliane, still strapped to her seat, plummeted 2 miles into the dense Amazon rainforest. Miraculously, she survived the fall, sustaining injuries like a broken collarbone and deep gash on her arm. This is her story. < Back The story of Juliane Koepcke who survived a plane crash and the Amazon jungle In 1971, 17-year-old Juliane Koepcke boarded a plane destined for Christmas with her mother. Their journey took a tragic turn when lightning struck the aircraft, causing it to disintegrate mid-flight. Juliane, still strapped to her seat, plummeted 2 miles into the dense Amazon rainforest. Miraculously, she survived the fall, sustaining injuries like a broken collarbone and deep gash on her arm. This is her story. Juliane Koepcke was flying over the Peruvian rainforest with her mother on Christmas Eve 1971 when their plane was hit by lightning and disintegrated in mid-air. She was the only survivor of the 92 passengers and crew on board LANSA Flight 508. She fell nearly 10,000 feet, still strapped to her seat, and landed in the dense jungle. She had a broken collarbone, a gash on her leg, and a ruptured knee ligament, but she was alive. Photo of Juliane Koepcke at the crash site She had spent most of her childhood in the rainforest, where her parents were zoologists who ran a research station. She knew how to survive in the wild and what dangers to avoid. She decided to follow a stream, hoping it would lead her to a river and then to a village. She had no food, no shoes, and no tools, but she had a determination to live. For 11 days, she walked through the jungle, enduring hunger, thirst, pain, and loneliness. She faced threats from piranhas, crocodiles, snakes, and insects. She suffered from sunburn, infection, and maggots in her wounds. She hallucinated about her mother, who had died in the crash, and wondered if anyone was looking for her. Cover of Juliane Koepcke's book: "When I Fell from the Sky: The True Story of One Woman's Miraculous Survival" On the tenth day, she found a small boat moored near a shelter. She waited there, hoping someone would come. The next day, she heard the sound of an engine and saw three men approaching. They were lumberjacks who worked in the area. They were shocked to see her, but they quickly took care of her. They gave her food and water, cleaned her wounds, and took her to a nearby village. From there, she was flown to a hospital in the city of Pucallpa, where she was reunited with her father. After recovering from her injuries, Koepcke assisted search parties in locating the crash site and recovering the bodies of the victims. Her mother's body was discovered on 12 January 1972." Werner Herzog and Juliane Koepcke during filming the documentary 'Wings of Hope' in 1998 Juliane’s story of survival amazed the world. She later wrote a book about her ordeal, called When I Fell From the Sky. She also became a zoologist like her parents and returned to the rainforest to study wildlife. She said she never lost her love for the jungle, even after everything she had been through. She said: “The jungle is my home.” Koepcke's story is also depicted by herself in German filmmaker Werner Herzog's documentary, "Wings of Hope" (1998). Herzog had a personal connection as he was initially scheduled to be on the same flight while scouting locations for his film "Aguirre, the Wrath of God" (1972). However, a last-minute change of plans spared him from the crash. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Armenia's mountains are not just geographical features; they are a significant part of the country's cultural heritage and national identity. Whether you're an avid hiker, a history enthusiast, or simply someone who appreciates natural beauty, the mountains of Armenia offer something for everyone. Exploring these sites against the backdrop of the towering peaks creates a unique and unforgettable experience. < Back Mountains in Armenia Armenia's mountains are not just geographical features; they are a significant part of the country's cultural heritage and national identity. Whether you're an avid hiker, a history enthusiast, or simply someone who appreciates natural beauty, the mountains of Armenia offer something for everyone. Exploring these sites against the backdrop of the towering peaks creates a unique and unforgettable experience. Armenia, a landlocked country, is renowned for its stunning and bountiful mountains. The country's landscape is dominated by rugged mountains and extinct volcanoes, making it a paradise for nature lovers and adventure seekers. Most of the mountains in Armenia are, in fact, extinct volcanoes. This geological history has resulted in a landscape characterized by tufa volcanic rock formations, which have been adapted into cave dwellings in places like Old Khot or Old Khndzoresk. Mount Aragats has four peaks, named according to their geographical location: Northern peak - 4,090 m (13,420 ft) - the highest peak in Armenia. Western peak - 3,995 m (13,107 ft). Eastern peak - 3,908 m (12,822 ft). Southern peak - 3,888 m (12,756 ft). The highest mountain in Armenia is Mount Aragats, standing at 4090 meters tall! Located in the Aragatsotn Province in the west of the country, it is known for its four peaks. Other notable peaks include Mount Azhdahak and Khustup Mountain, both offering breathtaking views and challenging climbs. The relatively large mountain ranges of Armenia are the Zangezur mountain range, Bargushat mountain range, and Geghama mountain range. View from the summit of mount Azhdahak, highest point of Geghama mountain range List of several mountain ranges: Geghama mountain range Zangezur mountain range Bargushat mountain range Bazum mountain range Sevan mountain range Shirak mountain range Pambak mountain range Vaik mountain range Lalwar mountain range Eastern Sevan mountain range Meghri mountain range Tegheniats mountain range Urts mountain range The mountains of Armenia are not just geological formations; they are deeply embedded in the country's cultural and historical narrative. Ancient monasteries and fortresses perch on rocky cliffs, telling stories of resilience and spiritual devotion. For centuries Silk Road caravans crawled along their treacherous paths, trading empires rose and fell under their watchful gaze while today they are attracting hikers from all over the world! Descending from mount Sevazhayr These mountains aren't just for admiring; they're for conquering. Hikers can carve their paths through verdant meadows and rocky passes, while trekkers can test their strength against soaring peaks, reaching for summits that touch the clouds and reward them with breathtaking panoramas. Even casual wanderers can find quiet meadows for picnics, hidden monasteries for reflection, and charming villages where warmth and hospitality abound. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Explore the intriguing story of a sports complex frozen in time, constructed over a decade from 1975 to 1986 with the ambition of becoming the largest sports structure in the region. < Back A Soviet sports complex frozen in time Explore the intriguing story of a sports complex frozen in time, constructed over a decade from 1975 to 1986 with the ambition of becoming the largest sports structure in the region. This sports complex was built over approximately a decade, from 1975 to 1986, with the vision of becoming the largest sports structure in the region. It consists of three blocks, each equipped with separate halls for various sports. The complex boasts two swimming pools – one large and one small – along with an expansive backyard pool designed for kayaking. The basketball and futsal court However, the swimming pool constructed in 1986 has never been used. The primary reasons for its abandonment were water shortages and the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

If you are someone who loves cars, especially historic ones, then this museum is for you! While in United Arab Emirates, don’t hesitate to visit and explore its vast collection of rare and luxurious cars. I loved it and strongly recommend it to fellow car enthusiasts! < Back A Visit to Emirates National Auto Museum If you are someone who loves cars, especially historic ones, then this museum is for you! While in United Arab Emirates, don’t hesitate to visit and explore its vast collection of rare and luxurious cars. I loved it and strongly recommend it to fellow car enthusiasts! During my trip to Dubai, I asked my brother to take me to this museum. Luckily, he hadn’t been there himself, so it was also an interesting experience for him. The next day, we set off for the museum. At the time, I didn’t anticipate writing a blog post about it, so I didn’t take many photos, but I’ll attach whatever I could find on my phone to this article. Here is some brief information about the museum: Here we go... The car museum, shaped like a pyramid, can be found in Al Dhafra, just a short 45-minute drive from Abu Dhabi city. It boasts a collection of over 200 cars belonging to His Highness Sheikh Hamad Bin Hamdan Al Nahyan, including off-road vehicles, classic American cars, and the Sheikh's iconic Mercedes rainbow collection. Fans of the BBC television programme Top Gear may spot some familiar vehicles among them. The car that has earned a place in the Guinness Book of Records One particularly noteworthy exhibit is a car that has secured a place in the Guinness Book of Records: The largest motorized model car, an oversized replica of a Willy Jeep at a scale of 4 to 1. Crafted by His Highness Sheikh Hamad bin Hamdan Al Nahyan (UAE), it was measured at the PYRAMID museum of cars in Abu Dhabi, UAE, on November 3, 2010. Notably, visitors can also marvel at an 1885 steam-powered Mercedes. The museum welcomes visitors every day from 9 AM to 5 PM. At the time of writing this article (March 16, 2024) tickets cost AED 50 (approximately 14 USD), and children under 10 enter for free. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Blue Mosque stands as a significant landmark in Yerevan, attracting both Muslim pilgrims and tourists. Built in 1766 by Sardar Husein-Ali Khan, it replaced an earlier mosque destroyed in a 1679 earthquake. Despite Soviet-era threats, it was preserved and now serves as a place of worship after reconstruction efforts in the 1990s and 2000s. < Back Blue Mosque in Yerevan Blue Mosque stands as a significant landmark in Yerevan, attracting both Muslim pilgrims and tourists. Built in 1766 by Sardar Husein-Ali Khan, it replaced an earlier mosque destroyed in a 1679 earthquake. Despite Soviet-era threats, it was preserved and now serves as a place of worship after reconstruction efforts in the 1990s and 2000s. The Blue Mosque was built by Sardar Husein-Ali Khan of Yerevan in 1766 (1179 AH). There is an opinion that the mosque of Def Sultan stood on the site of the mosque before that, which was destroyed during the great earthquake of Yerevan in 1679, and almost a century later, this new one was built on the spot by Hussein-Ali Khan Qajar. The Blue Mosque boasts a spacious and well-maintained garden, offering visitors a delightful spot to relax and immerse themselves in the serene atmosphere The Blue Mosque is part of the series of Shia mosques in Yerevan, distinguished as not only the most beautiful and magnificent but also the largest. Covering a total area of 7000 m2, the complex comprises a spacious quadrangular building crafted of bricks, featuring a tall minaret and a broad-sided dome. The dome and sections of the walls are adorned with blue terracotta. During the mass demolition of religious structures in the Soviet era, the Blue Mosque was saved through the efforts of Armenian intellectuals like Yeghishe Charents, who vehemently opposed its destruction. The mosque was saved and for a long time the museum of Natural History and Yerevan History museum were located in here. After the independence of Armenia, at the request of the Iranian government, the mosque was handed over to Iran as a place of prayer. It was reconstructed in 1994-1998 by the efforts of the Iranian government. In 2006, the dome was repaired. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Discover Armenia, a captivating land in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia, nestled south of the Caucasus mountain range. Bordered by Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan. Uncover the enduring legacy of Armenia (with Yerevan as its heart), validated by its presence on ancient Babylonian clay maps, solidifying its status as one of the world's oldest nations. < Back Where is Armenia Discover Armenia, a captivating land in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia, nestled south of the Caucasus mountain range. Bordered by Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan. Uncover the enduring legacy of Armenia (with Yerevan as its heart), validated by its presence on ancient Babylonian clay maps, solidifying its status as one of the world's oldest nations. Armenia is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia, located just south of the Caucasus mountain range. It is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Iran on the south, and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan (Historically part of Armenia up to 1921 but transferred to Azerbaijan by the Bolsheviks. On March 16, 1921, Soviet Russia and Turkey signed an agreement in Moscow, according to which Nakhichevan was transferred to the guardianship of Soviet Azerbaijan. Before that, Nakhichevan was part of the First Republic of Armenia. From the point of view of international law, this was an absolutely illegal agreement. Two countries transferred the territory of a third state, which they themselves recognized as sovereign, to a fourth state, without their participation or even asking for their opinion.) to the southwest. Armenia has a total area of 29,743 square kilometers (11,484 square miles) and a population of about 3 million people. The capital and largest city of Armenia, Yerevan, is strategically located along the Hrazdan River, nestled in the northeastern part of the Ararat Plain. Serving as the nation's administrative, cultural, and industrial hub, Yerevan stands as a vibrant center of both heritage and modern development. Satellite style map of Armenia by Maphill One of the three countries marked on the Babylonian clay slab-map (dates to no earlier than the 9th century BC (with a late 8th or 7th date being more likely)) is Armenia, which comes to prove once again that Armenia is one of the oldest countries on earth! In Yerevan, copies of this map can be found, with one located in Republic Square and another in Saryan Park Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

If you are traveling across the Lori region and looking for something special, something different, then this museum in Tumanyan town is for you. Here, you can find a cozy museum of matchbox labels and a unique café named Flying Samovar. < Back A Visit to the Tumanyan Matchbox Label Museum If you are traveling across the Lori region and looking for something special, something different, then this museum in Tumanyan town is for you. Here, you can find a cozy museum of matchbox labels and a unique café named Flying Samovar. Nestled amidst the lush landscapes of Armenia's Lori Province lies the tiny town of Tumanyan. While seemingly unassuming at first glance, Tumanyan boasts unique architecture and a museum that sparks the imagination and ignites a sense of nostalgia: the Tumanyan Matchbox Label Museum. Raffi, the founder of the museum, says that when he first came to Tumanyan, he was impressed by the combination of architecture and nature. This one-of-a-kind museum, established in 2021, proudly displays a collection exceeding 10,000 matchbox labels, each a miniature window into a bygone era. The trees conceal one of the most amazing museums of its kind The "Development of Innovative Tourism and Technologies for Armenia" program of the EU4Business initiative supported the establishment of the museum. While there are many Soviet labels, the museum includes labels from around the world, from Europe to India, as well as Japan and Australia. Countless themes are covered throughout the museum, although the collection seems to highlight labels related to public education campaigns, crafts, flags and coats of arms, space, humor, puzzles, and match-themed labels. For collectors, the museum provides a treasure trove. The oldest label proudly displayed dates back to 1920, a testament to the long and fascinating history of matchbox label design. Exploring Tumanyan Matchbox Label Museum The museum boasts an extensive collection of matchbox labels featuring famous individuals, including a unique series with drawings by Alexander Pushkin. Additionally, there are labels depicting the various nations of the USSR, as well as numerous labels themed around cosmonautics. This charming museum houses thousands of matchbox labels, showcasing a diverse array of national costumes and seals, educational themes, space imagery, and various symbolic motifs. It offers a unique and enriching experience for visitors. Matchboxes were truly a reflection of a given country and period. So, if you are familiar with the culture, history, public manners, and customs of a particular country, you will immediately distinguish which country the matchbox is from. Coffee break at "Flying Samovar Café," located just across from the museum Countries presented their sporting achievements, culture, customs, cities, and animal and plant diversity through matchbox labels. There is a very unique series that represents the history of aeromodelling, from the simplest helicopter to the modern airplane. After your tour, I also suggest you visit the “Flying Samovar Café” on the opposite side of the museum, where you can enjoy a cup of coffee with nice arched windows creating a panoramic view. You can also see rare posters and a small collection of clocks and typewriters. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Explore the charm of Armenian humor and wisdom through these funny idioms! From expressions of admiration to quirky observations about life, these sayings reveal the heart of Armenian culture. Delve into the meanings behind phrases like "ironing the head" and "let it snow on your brain," and discover the unique ways Armenians express appreciation, respect, and love. Enjoy a delightful journey into the linguistic richness of Armenia! < Back Funny and famous Armenian sayings Explore the charm of Armenian humor and wisdom through these funny idioms! From expressions of admiration to quirky observations about life, these sayings reveal the heart of Armenian culture. Delve into the meanings behind phrases like "ironing the head" and "let it snow on your brain," and discover the unique ways Armenians express appreciation, respect, and love. Enjoy a delightful journey into the linguistic richness of Armenia! In all languages, including Armenian, idioms (sayings) are expressions that reflect the wisdom, humor, and culture of a nation. These idioms are widely used expressions containing a figurative meaning that differs from the phrase's literal meaning. They often convey moral lessons, practical advice, or witty observations about life. Some of these sayings are very old and have been passed down from generation to generation, while others are more modern and reflect the changing times. For foreigners, in most cases, these sayings sound funny, and they just love it. Here are some examples of Armenian sayings and their meanings: This is how AI is "ironing our head" :D Աչքս մտար (Atchks mtar): This means “entering my eye” and is used to show appreciation or admiration for someone who has done something good or helpful. For example, if a friend helps you with a difficult task or does something impressive, you can say “atchks mtar” to thank them. Գլխիս վրա տեղ ունես (Glkhis vra tegh unes): This means “you have a place on my head” and is used to express care, concern, or huge respect! For example, if you want to give someone a tribute, you can say “glkhis vra tegh unes” to wish him/her well. Ցավդ տանեմ (Tsavd tanem): This means taking away your pain or let me take your pain away. It is often used when you want to show that the person is dear to you and that person can even be a stranger. Գլուխ արդուկել (Glugh ardukel): This is one of the funniest ones and means “ironing the head,” which means talking nonsense and not saying anything all that useful (i.e., beating around the bush). Բոյիդ մեռնեմ (Boyid mernem). English: Let me die on your height: This is another very sweet expression that aims to show respect to someone. Պորտը տեղը դնել (Porty teghy dnel). It literally means “to put someone’s belly button into its place,” which means you are showing someone's place and revealing his real face. Խելքիդ ձուն գա (Khelqid dzun ga). It literally means “let it snow on your brain!”, which means you are naive or stupid and stop showing your "knowledge." Ջիգյարդ ուտեմ (Jigyard outem). English: I want to eat your liver. This is a very sweet expression with which you show your love towards someone. Սրտիդ ծակն ընկնեմ, ոտիդ էլ տակը (Srtid tsakn ynknem, votid el taky). This can be translated as "I want to fall into the hole of your heart and beneath your feet!" This expression conveys deep love and respect towards someone, highlighting your readiness to do anything for that person Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

This short article attempts to provide brief information about the Armenian Genocide Memorial complex. By visiting this place, you will not only commemorate the victims but also delve into historical documents, aiming to prevent future tragedies by remembering the past. < Back The Armenian Genocide Memorial and Museum This short article attempts to provide brief information about the Armenian Genocide Memorial complex. By visiting this place, you will not only commemorate the victims but also delve into historical documents, aiming to prevent future tragedies by remembering the past. The Armenian Genocide Memorial complex or Tsitsernakaberd is Armenia's official memorial dedicated to the victims of the Armenian genocide, built in 1967 on the hill of Tsitsernakaberd Yerevan, while the Genocide Museum-Institute was opened in 1995. Every year on 24 April, the Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day, thousands of Armenians gather at the memorial lay flowers and commemorate the victims of the genocide. The construction of the monument began in 1966, during Soviet times, in the aftermath of the 1965 Yerevan demonstrations. During these demonstrations, one hundred thousand people gathered in Yerevan for 24 hours to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the genocide. They demanded that the Soviet authorities officially recognize it as a genocide. The memorial is designed by architects Arthur Tarkhanyan, Sashur Kalashyan and artist Hovhannes Khachatryan and was completed in November 1967. The construction of the Genocide Memorial Complex The memorial has twelve slabs in a circle, representing the twelve lost provinces in present-day Turkey. In the middle, there's an eternal flame for the 1.5 million people killed during the Armenian genocide. The 44-meter tall stele symbolizes the national rebirth of Armenians. There's also a 100-meter wall listing names of towns and villages where massacres and deportations took place. Entrance to the museum The museum opened in 1995 for the 80th genocide anniversary. The structure, designed by architects Sashur Kalashian, Lyudmila Mkrtchyan, and sculptor F. Araqelyan, is unique. It's a two-story building built into a hill not to take away from the Genocide Monument. The roof is flat, overlooking the Ararat Valley and Mount Ararat. The first floor has offices and Komitas Hall, seating 170 people. The museum exhibit on the second floor is just over 1,000 square meters. Documents and photos concerning Armenian Genocide Visiting the museum is part of the state protocol in Armenia. Many official foreign delegations, including Pope John Paul II, Pope Francis, President Vladimir Putin, Presidents Jacques Chirac and Francois Hollande, have visited. The museum has historical documents and offers guided tours in Armenian, Russian, English, French, and German. The theme of the Armenian genocide in the visual arts The Genocide Museum's mission is to show that remembering the Armenian Genocide is important to prevent similar future tragedies. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

In 301, Armenia became the first country in the world to officially adopt Christianity! The journey from pagan faith to Christianity started from here: Khor Virap, which translates to "Deep Pit" in Armenian. Later, in the 7th century, a chapel was built over the pit to commemorate these important historical episodes in Armenian history. Today, this historic site is both a pilgrimage destination and a major tourist attraction. < Back Khor Virap Monastery: From the Pit to the First Christian Country In 301, Armenia became the first country in the world to officially adopt Christianity! The journey from pagan faith to Christianity started from here: Khor Virap, which translates to "Deep Pit" in Armenian. Later, in the 7th century, a chapel was built over the pit to commemorate these important historical episodes in Armenian history. Today, this historic site is both a pilgrimage destination and a major tourist attraction. In 287 AD, Tiridates III of Armenia came to power. Tiridates III was the son of King Khosrov II of Armenia, who was assassinated in 252 by a Parthian agent named Anak. Anak was captured and executed along with most of his family, while his son, Gregory the Illuminator, was sheltered in Caesarea, Cappadocia, where he was introduced to the Christian religion. Khor Virap Monastic Complex As the only surviving heir to the throne, Tiridates was quickly taken away to Rome soon after his father's assassination while still an infant. He was educated in Rome and became skilled in languages and military tactics. In addition, he firmly understood and appreciated Roman law. The Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi describes him as a strong and brave warrior, who participated in combat against his enemies and personally led his army to victory in many battles. Accompanied by Roman troops, Tiridates returned to Mets Hayk in 287 to reclaim the throne. The young Gregory, the son of Anak, also joined him, becoming a loyal comrade-in-arms of the king. Gregory received a Christian education in Caesarea. After the victory against Persia, King Tiridates offered Gregory the opportunity to make an offering to the goddess Anahit. Gregory refused to sacrifice to the idol. King Tiridates III the Great Upon learning that Gregory was the son of Anak, the man who had killed his father, Tiridates III ordered him to be thrown into the dungeon known as "Khor Virap", where Gregory endured 14 years of confinement. Khor Virap, which translates to "deep pit," was originally a royal prison in Artashat city. Legend states that Saint Gregory survived this ordeal thanks to the secret compassion of a kind woman, who sustained him by providing bread and water in secrecy During this time, Tiridates III enforced pagan practices, issuing proclamations and imposing the death penalty on Christians. According to tradition, after a few years, King Tiridates fell ill with a condition described as resembling swine flu. The cause of his illness was attributed to the murder of 33 Hripsimian virgins who had fled from Roman Emperor Diocletian. Among them, Hripsime was stoned to death for rejecting the king’s marriage proposal. Agathangelos writes: "Tiridates began to rage and eat himself, and like Nebuchadnezzar, king of the Babylonians, left his human nature and, in the form of wild pigs, went to live among them." Tiridates’ sister, Khosrovidukht, had a dream revealing that only Grigor, still imprisoned, could heal the king. Gregory was brought out of the dungeon and taken to Vagharshapat. He buried the remains of the martyred virgins, established a five-day fast, and through prayers, healed the king. A painting of Gregory the Illuminator by Vardges Sureniants An epoch-making event in Armenian history occurred in 301 when Tiridates III officially recognized Christianity as the state religion. Afterwards king Tiridates III and Gregory the Illuminato traveled across Armenia, destroying pagan monuments and establishing Christian ones in their place. Saint Astvatsatsin Church By the decision of the Council of Elders, Tiridates sent Gregory to Caesarea, where he was ordained as a bishop. Upon his return, the newly consecrated Catholicos baptized Tiridates and his court in the Aratsani River. Together, they initiated the construction of the Mother Cathedral of Etchmiadzin. The entrance to Khor Virap "Deep Pit" inside Saint Gregory Chapel In around 642, Catholicos Nerses III built a chapel over the pit where Gregory had been imprisoned. While the original structure did not survive, the current buildings date back to the 17th century. Modern-Day Khor Virap The monastery complex, built in the 17th century, includes the Saint Gregory Church, the Saint Astvatsatsin Church, and the famous underground dungeon known as Khor Virap (Deep Pit). Visitors can descend into this pit via a narrow ladder, experiencing the space where Saint Gregory endured his imprisonment. Saint Gregory Chapel (1662–1669): Built on the foundations of an earlier church, it houses the dungeon beneath its High Altar. Saint Astvatsatsin Church : Located in the center of the complex, this domed church features bas relief of Gregory and Tiridates. Walls and Bell Tower : The bell tower, built in the 19th century, is adorned with columns, while the surrounding walls date to the 17th century. Khor Virap also served as an educational center, founded by Vardan Areveltsi in 1255. Many manuscripts copied here are preserved at the Mesrop Mashtots Matenadaran in Yerevan. The complex underwent renovation during the 1960s and 1970s. His Holiness Karekin II and the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church visiting Khor Virap Tourism and Accessibility Located approximately 40 kilometers from Yerevan, Khor Virap is easily accessible by car or guided tour. Its proximity to the Turkish-Armenian border provides unparalleled views of Mount Ararat, a national symbol of Armenia. The picturesque surroundings and profound historical significance make it a must-visit destination for travelers exploring Armenia. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Explore the historic Yerevan Children's Railway nestled in the picturesque Hrazdan gorge. Established in 1937, this 2.1 km railway features iconic stations like "Motherland" and "Pioneer." Discover its rich history, from its inception to present-day plans for renovation and revitalization. Experience a piece of Armenia's railway heritage. < Back The abandoned Children's Railway in Yerevan Explore the historic Yerevan Children's Railway nestled in the picturesque Hrazdan gorge. Established in 1937, this 2.1 km railway features iconic stations like "Motherland" and "Pioneer." Discover its rich history, from its inception to present-day plans for renovation and revitalization. Experience a piece of Armenia's railway heritage. Yerevan Children's Railway, located in the Kentron community of Yerevan, stretches 2.1 km along the Hrazdan gorge. Stations include "Motherland," "Pioneer," and "Happiness." Through the thick trees I can see the marvelous railway station building In 1935, the idea of creating a children's railway in Yerevan was proposed by the Minister of Railway Transport of Armenia, Babken Amatuni, and the first secretary of the CPC Central Committee, Agassi Khanjian. In 1935, the USSR state plan included the construction of the Yerevan children's railway in the 1936 annual plan. On April 22, 1936, in the city park named after Abovyan, Aghasi Khanjyan and Babken Amatuni laid the foundation stone for the "Lighthouse" station, later renamed "Motherland" station. These stained glass windows are perfect for photography Scheduled to open on November 7, 1937, the day of the October Revolution victory, the children's railway officially opened earlier on July 6, 1937, thanks to the efforts of Babken Amatun, the Minister of Railway Transport of Armenia. The chief architect of the children's railway park was Mikael Mazmanyan. The former wooden railway station building was replaced in the late 1940s by a stone building designed by architect Babken S. Hakobyan, with the last tower designed by architect Gohar Grigoryan. Another look at the railway station building In 1937, locomotive 159-434 and three passenger cars donated by the Podolsk locomotive factory were put into operation. The steam locomotive from 1937, no longer operational, is considered Armenia's oldest. It is located at the "Motherland" station. In 1959, the railway received two PAFAWAG metal passenger cars, and in 1971, the TU2-116 locomotive. Until the end of its working days, the Children's Railway operated with a TU2-096 locomotive and two passenger cars produced by the Kaluga machine-building plant in 1957. The tunnel from the "Happiness" to the "Pioneer" station was built in 1956, spanning 45 m in length. I loved these stained glass windows Previously, the station building housed private rooms for the station master and guard, a telegraph office, a health room, and a cash register. The playground featured pools of water, fountains, a reading room, a dance and sports field, a game room, kiosks, and a buffet. A statue of Stalin once stood on the hill leading from the playground to the station. Currently, the Children's Railway territory is privatized. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next