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Thanks to its picturesque views and reconstructed road Azat Reservoir has become a popular tourist destination in Armenia in recent years. Those visiting Garni and Geghard and then heading towards Khor Virap and other places of interest in that direction always stop by Azat Reservoir. This article can serve as a useful tourist guide for those planning a trip there. < Back Azat Reservoir in Armenia! Where Is Located And How To Get There Thanks to its picturesque views and reconstructed road Azat Reservoir has become a popular tourist destination in Armenia in recent years. Those visiting Garni and Geghard and then heading towards Khor Virap and other places of interest in that direction always stop by Azat Reservoir. This article can serve as a useful tourist guide for those planning a trip there. Azat Reservoir, located in the Ararat Region of Armenia, was established in 1976. The reservoir is situated on the Azat River and holds a place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, boasting a volume of about 70 million cubic meters. During the dry season, the Azat Reservoir plays a crucial role in irrigating the Ararat valley. A hiking tour to mount Yeranos promises a wonderful view towards Azat reservoir from the summit! In dry years, when the water level in the reservoir drops below the norm, there is a need to increase water intake from Sevan, posing a threat to Sevan! Thus Azat reservoir is really playing a key role in country’s ecosystem! Me posing for a photo before the flight over Azat reservoir and mount Yeranos! Here we go... The reservoir is abundant with fish, including carp and crucian carp, making it a favorite spot for fishing and recreation, not only for locals but also for tourists. Additionally, the reservoir draws paragliders who organize flights over it and the surrounding landscapes. Azat Reservoir is a haven for stand-up paddle boarders The distance from Yerevan (Republic Square) to Azat reservoir is around 40 km. To reach Azat Reservoir, take the road leading to Garni village, where the Pagan Garni Temple is located. Just before reaching Garni, make a sharp right turn (there’s a large road sign) that will guide you, then follow the main road. Soon, you will reach Azat Reservoir. But if you are heading towards that region and are new to Armenia, it would be great to first visit Garni Temple (suggestion: on your way stop near Arch of Charents) and Geghard Monastery before routing towards Azat Reservoir. Upon reaching the reservoir, for a better view, it would be great to follow the asphalt road, reach the top of the nearby hill, and enjoy the scenery! Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Just a short drive from the center of Yerevan, in what used to be the city’s outskirts in 1960s, stands something few would expect from a small mountainous country better known for ancient monasteries and volcanic peaks: a particle accelerator. Yes, Armenia has its own chapter in the history of high-energy physics. Welcome to the Yerevan Physics Institute Synchrotron, also known as YerPhI (ЕРФИ - Ереванский физический институт) or officially, the A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory—a quiet but powerful remnant of Soviet science. < Back Armenia’s Particle Accelerator Just a short drive from the center of Yerevan, in what used to be the city’s outskirts in 1960s, stands something few would expect from a small mountainous country better known for ancient monasteries and volcanic peaks: a particle accelerator. Yes, Armenia has its own chapter in the history of high-energy physics. Welcome to the Yerevan Physics Institute Synchrotron, also known as YerPhI (ЕРФИ - Ереванский физический институт) or officially, the A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory—a quiet but powerful remnant of Soviet science. How it started? Founded in 1943 as a branch of Yerevan State University by renowned physicists Abraham Alikhanov and Artem Alikhanyan, YerPhI quickly became a cornerstone of Armenia’s scientific ambition. Just two years later, high-altitude cosmic ray stations were built on the slopes of Mount Aragats — Nor Amberd at 2000m and Aragats Station at 3200m. A government delegation led by Brezhnev at the Armenian SSR pavilion at VDNKh, near the particle accelerator model By the 1960s, the dream went underground—literally. YerPhI’s team began construction on a major accelerator complex, designed for cutting-edge research in nuclear and high-energy physics. The symbol named "Arus" As you approach YerPhI, you’ll notice a striking sculpture on your right—a mysterious double-sided figure made of red tuff, standing three meters tall. This is Arus, also known as the "Armenian Sphinx." The name "Arus" is both a common Armenian woman’s name and an acronym for Armenian Accelerator (Армянский Ускоритель). It is said that the title "Armenian Sphinx" was coined by Artem Alikhanyan, founder of the Institute of Physics. Created by sculptor Arto Chakmakchyan , Arus is more than art—it’s a tribute to the dreams and determination behind Armenia’s scientific rise. And it guards the entrance to the underground halls where science once roared. Into the Depths: A Fortress of Concrete and Basalt Next, you’ll spot a large sign in Russian on top of the building to your left: “ЕрФИ.” In 1965, the LU-75 linear accelerator was completed. Two years later, it was joined by a 6 GeV synchrotron . Though its raw power can’t compete with modern giants like CERN, this facility was once among the most advanced in the USSR, delivering over 5,000 operational hours annually at its peak. The Arus synchrotron, with a diameter of approximately 70 meters and a circumference of about 220 meters, was designed to accelerate electrons to an energy of 6 GeV. The accelerator also produced a beam of linearly polarized photons in the 0.9–1.8 GeV range, enabling precise experiments in particle interactions. Key specifications include: Diameter: 70 m Commissioning Year: 1967 Electron Energy: Up to 6 GeV (designed), 4.15–4.5 GeV (operational) Photon Beam: 0.9–1.8 GeV (linearly polarized) Experimental Setup: Included magnetic spectrometers and neutron hodoscopes for detailed measurements Scientific Contributions Arus facilitated a range of groundbreaking experiments in particle physics. One significant study measured the asymmetry of deuteron photodisintegration at photon energies up to 1.8 GeV, using a 90° centre-of-mass angle. This experiment, conducted with a magnetic spectrometer for protons and a neutron hodoscope, challenged existing models of quark interactions by highlighting discrepancies in constituent quark counting rules. Other research explored: Hadronic properties of photons via π-meson photoproduction on nuclei. Structures of nucleon resonances through multi-polarization experiments. Characteristics of nuclear matter under high-energy conditions. A notable achievement was the 1970 discovery of X-ray transition radiation, a phenomenon now widely used in particle identification detectors worldwide. Collaborations with scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna underscored Arus’s role in fostering international scientific exchange. The last full run of the circular accelerator took place in 1998. Operations resumed in May of that year, shifting focus to photodisintegration studies and the investigation of quasi-deuteron disintegration in light nuclei such as helium-4 and lithium-6. These efforts aimed to deepen our understanding of nuclear interactions using the synchrotron’s polarized photon beam. From Electrons to Isotopes: What Happened Inside Put simply, a particle accelerator speeds up electrons or protons to near light-speed and smashes them into targets. This lets scientists study the tiniest building blocks of matter. Think of it as an atomic microscope—on steroids. As I stepped out of the elevator and saw the particle accelerator, a pleasant shiver ran down my spine At YerPhI, researchers focused on: Electron-photonuclear interactions Production of medical radioisotopes like technetium-99m Transition radiation in monocrystals Nuclear resonance structures Hadronic properties of photons Thanks to the synchrotron’s precision beamline —designed to eliminate electromagnetic noise and enable low-background experiments—researchers were able to carry out delicate, world-class physics investigations. I took a photo of Mr. Hakobyan as he explained how the accelerator worked Many of these experiments, including the development of wide-gap spark chambers and transition radiation detectors, positioned YerPhI as a serious contributor to international scientific collaborations from the mid-1980s onward. Back to our visit After passing through the gates, you’re guided to a large round building, where an elevator takes you four floors underground where the accelerator is located. Every instrument sits on a single elevation surface , with zero tolerance for millimeter error. That’s how precise things had to be. Massive half-meter-thick, lead-lined doors shield the lab—and the outside world—from potential radiation and other hazards. Inside these heavily reinforced corridors lies what was once a state-of-the-art research machine. Even today, its foundations are solid—scientifically and structurally. Where It Stands Today After the collapse of the Soviet Union, YerPhI faced tough times—lack of funding, scarce resources, and a brain drain of specialists. However, it managed to adapt to the changing global scientific landscape, continuing its research and contributing to the broader field of physics. While large-scale acceleration has stopped, the facility remains partially operational. It’s used for training, detector development, and even international research collaborations. Behind thick glass, we observed the work in the laboratory The building may carry the weight of the past, but the minds inside are very much focused on the future. The display boards told the rich history of the Physics Institute For the Curious Traveler YerPhI isn’t your average tourist stop, but it’s a goldmine for those who enjoy science with a twist of Soviet nostalgia . So if you're a traveler looking for more than just churches and khachkars—if you want to touch the edge of atoms and ambition—put YerPhI on your radar. Because Armenia isn’t just old; it’s also brilliant. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. 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This article explores the fascinating world of iconic custom-made cars in Soviet Armenia. These unique modifications highlight the ingenuity and creativity of Armenian car enthusiasts who transformed standard Soviet vehicles into extraordinary masterpieces, reflecting personal style and engineering brilliance despite the era's constraints. Discover these automotive gems in one comprehensive collection! < Back Custom Cars in Soviet Armenia This article explores the fascinating world of iconic custom-made cars in Soviet Armenia. These unique modifications highlight the ingenuity and creativity of Armenian car enthusiasts who transformed standard Soviet vehicles into extraordinary masterpieces, reflecting personal style and engineering brilliance despite the era's constraints. Discover these automotive gems in one comprehensive collection! The Soviet automotive market offered a limited range of standardized vehicles, such as the Lada, Moskvitch, and Volga, with purchasing often requiring years on a waiting list. While iconic Western vehicles were reserved for a select few, such as Vladimir Vysotsky, Anatoly Karpov, and Yuri Gagarin, many enthusiasts took it upon themselves to modify Soviet-made cars—or even build their own—from scratch. The history of custom cars in Armenia begins in 1977, attracting great attention and earning high praise. Yuri Gagarin’s Matra Bonnet Djet One of the most celebrated cars of the Soviet era belonged to Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space. In 1965, Gagarin visited the airshow in Le Bourget and lingered for a long time near the elegant, low-slung mid-engine coupe. Whether he hinted at his desire to own such a car or the French took the initiative themselves is unknown, but just a month later, on July 26, a personal Matra Djet for Yuri Alekseyevich was shipped from Paris to Moscow. Yuri Gagarin and his René Bonnet Matra-Djet before the titanium obelisk erected in Moscow Alley of Heroes in honor of space explorers. Although many photos depict this car as sky blue, it was actually beige-gray in color. Copyright Matra - Lagardère, 1965, courtesy of Club René Bonnet The GT-77 by Rafik Ordyan The talented Armenian engineer-designer Rafik Ordyan even in his early youth dreamed of creating his own unusual car. Our boyish hero read an article about how to build a car yourself in the magazine Young Technician . And he understood - his cherished dream is completely feasible. By the 10th grade, he had constructed a simple vehicle, which he called the “Buggy Model.” In 1971, Ordyan began working on his new and ambitious project, the GT-77, a project that required six years of determination and self-learning. Besides engineering, he mastered skills in design, chemistry, metalwork, and electronics. Many doubted that a single person could create a functional sports car, but Ordyan proved them wrong. Rafik Ordyan and his iconic GT-77 The GT-77, completed in 1977, was powered by a 47-horsepower engine from a Czechoslovak Škoda 1202 and built on the chassis of a Soviet Moskvich 412. The car's total height was 1 meter, and it could reach a speed of 180 km/h. Ordyan meticulously crafted many of the car's parts from scratch, creating a striking and one-of-a-kind sports car that captivated attention on the streets of Yerevan. The GT-77 was so distinct in a sea of Zhiguli and Volga vehicles that onlookers often mistook it for a foreign car. People were genuinely curious about its origins, asking which country it had come from and how it had ended up in the USSR. In 1977, Rafik overcame the test of 2500 km on the route Moscow — Sevastopol. GT-77 participated in an all-Union exhibition and was awarded the Grand Prix, the top prize, beating 34 competitors from different Union republics. Following this, it was displayed for an entire month at the Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy in Moscow, captivating visitors. Henrik Matevosyan's "Gull" on the cover of Soviet-Armenian magazine "Science and Technology", 1986/7 Henrik Matevosyan created his custom-built car, the "Gull," in 1981. While visiting the home of a friend who had a collection of cars, he admired one of the models, took inspiration from it, and decided to build a full-scale version with his own hands. Although the design process took four months, it took him two years to complete the car. The vehicle was named "Gull" due to its doors, which resemble the wings of a bird when opened. Notably, Matevosyan assembled the car in the closed balcony of their apartment. Archival photos show the moment the completed car was lowered from the balcony. In 1983, Matevosyan renamed the car "Zangezur," reflecting his roots in the Zangezur region. Over the years, the car's color has changed several times: from white to silver, then green, and black. Today, the car is painted red. The creator of "Zangezur" believes that every color suits his car. Since its creation, the vehicle has traveled over 2 million kilometers. During Soviet times, it participated in nearly all automotive competitions, winning numerous awards. A passionate speed enthusiast, Matevosyan confesses that he would still drive fast today, if only he were allowed to. While Ordyan’s GT-77 and Matevosyan's "Gull" remain a standout achievement, other Armenian car enthusiasts also pursued custom builds. I kept on researching Science and Technology magazine to uncover more examples and was able to find some, though details remain scarce. Lyova Sahakyan's "Landa" Car enthusiast Lyova Sahakyan is one of the creators of homemade cars. His models, "Lana," "Landa," "Sport-1," and "Mir-86," have repeatedly participated in races, winning awards. At his parents' advice, Lyova enrolled in the Brusov Institute of Russian and Foreign Languages, where he studied for three years but soon realized that studying languages was not his calling. He then entered the Karl Marx Polytechnic Institute's mechanical faculty, where he began seriously pursuing his passion during his student years. A "Zaporozhets" car, gifted by his parents, became his first testing ground. In a very short time, the car was modified, gaining a new look and being named "LANA," after the initials of his family members: Lyova, Asya, Nara, and Artur. One after another, his other homemade cars were created, the most famous of which are "Landa," "Sport-1," and "Mir-86." These models earned high praise from experts. For example, "Landa" was built in just three months. The car can accommodate six passengers in addition to the driver, and its external dimensions are smaller than even a "Zhiguli." One unique feature of the car is its four headlights, two of which move in sync with the wheels during turns. Lyova Sahakyan's futuristic "Mir-86" Lyova's most famous model is the "Mir-86," created in honor of the International Year of Peace, which was recognized by the United Nations in 1986. It stood out for its futuristic design and was considered the lowest sports car in the USSR, with a height of only 870 mm. The car could reach a speed of 200 km/h and was primarily built from Zaporozhets parts. The headlights of the "Mir-86" were connected to the steering wheel and wheels, allowing them to move in unison with the car during turns. It also had reserve lights that could be activated with the press of a button. 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Packing your hiking backpack efficiently can make a huge difference in your comfort and safety on the trail. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to do it right. < Back How to Pack Your Hiking Backpack: A Step-by-Step Guide Packing your hiking backpack efficiently can make a huge difference in your comfort and safety on the trail. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to do it right. 1. Choose the Right Backpack Selecting the right backpack for your hike is the first step. Consider the duration of your hike and the volume you need. For day hikes, a 30-40 liter backpack is sufficient. For multi-day hikes, a 50-80 liter pack is recommended. For my one day hikes I use my old Quechua MH500 40L Backpack 2. Lay Out All Your Gear Before packing, lay out all your gear to ensure you have everything you need. This helps you see what can be left behind and what is essential. 3. Pack the Heavy Items First Place heavy items, like your tent, cooking gear, and food, close to your back and in the middle of the backpack. This helps maintain your center of gravity and provides better balance. 4. Bottom Section: Sleeping Bag and Clothing Pack your sleeping bag at the bottom of your backpack. This item is light but bulky, making it perfect for the lower compartment. Next, add clothing that you won’t need during the day. 5. Middle Section: Heavy Gear As mentioned, the middle section should hold heavy items. Secure these items tightly to avoid them shifting and throwing you off balance. 6. Top Section: Essentials and Lightweight Items Place lighter items that you might need quick access to, such as a first aid kit, snacks, a map, and a headlamp, at the top of your pack. 7. External Pockets and Attachments Use external pockets for items like water bottles, a rain cover, and a multitool. Attach items such as trekking poles or a sleeping pad to the exterior loops. 8. Adjust and Secure Straps Once packed, adjust all straps to ensure the backpack fits snugly against your back. Secure all external straps to prevent items from bouncing. 9. Final Check and Balance Test Before heading out, do a final check to ensure nothing is forgotten. Lift your backpack and do a balance test by walking around. If it feels off-balance, redistribute the weight. Conclusion Packing your hiking backpack properly is crucial for a comfortable and enjoyable hiking experience. By following these steps, you can ensure that your gear is organized, accessible, and balanced, allowing you to focus on the adventure ahead. Happy hiking! Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

This article offers a brief overview of Armenian Lavash, a staple in Armenian households for centuries and a symbol of Armenian identity. Today, it continues to attract the interest of foreigners keen on the traditions associated with this iconic bread. < Back Armenian Lavash Bread This article offers a brief overview of Armenian Lavash, a staple in Armenian households for centuries and a symbol of Armenian identity. Today, it continues to attract the interest of foreigners keen on the traditions associated with this iconic bread. Lavash, a traditional Armenian flatbread, holds a significant place in the country's culinary heritage. It is a flat, very thin wafer, typically 2-5 millimeters thick and round-shaped. It generally adheres to a standard size, with a typical length of 90-110 centimeters, a width of 40-50 centimeters, and a weight not exceeding 250 grams This unleavened flatbread is crafted from simple ingredients: flour, water, and salt. The dough is rolled thin and stretched over a cushion before being baked in a clay tandoor, resulting in a thin, flexible bread with a delightful crispiness. Lavash is individually spread out until it cools down, after which it is stacked on top of each other, often arranged in 8-10 rows. When exposed to open air, lavash dries rapidly and can remain dry for an extended period, surpassing one year. AI generated image of Armenian woman baking lavash Lavash Bread Recipe: Crafting the perfect Lavash bread at home requires just a few ingredients and some patience. Here's a basic recipe: Ingredients: 3 cups all-purpose flour 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup water Instructions: Mix flour and salt in a bowl. Gradually add water, kneading the dough until it becomes smooth. Divide the dough into small balls and let them rest for about 30 minutes. Roll out each ball into a thin sheet. Bake on a hot griddle or in a preheated oven until it puffs up and turns golden. But for a perfect lavash one of course needs a clay tandoor! Lavash Wraps: Lavash's versatility extends beyond being a standalone bread. It serves as an ideal wrap, bringing together lunchtime classics such as turkey cold cuts, goat cheese, and a vibrant blend of veggies and greens in Lavash bread. Whether crafting a Mediterranean-inspired wrap with fresh vegetables, hummus, and feta, or opting for a savory wrap with grilled meats and tzatziki, Lavash provides a delicious and pliable canvas for culinary creativity. Eduard Artsrunyan. Fresh Lavash (1971) Women baking or carrying lavash is a common theme that has inspired Armenian painters. Lavash as a symbol Lavash is considered a symbol of family and abundance in Armenia. Traditionally, during weddings, the groom's mother throws lavash on the shoulders of the newlyweds, symbolizing the wish that the young couple will always live in abundance and togetherness. Lavash Bread Calories: A 100-gram serving of Armenian Lavash bread contains approximately 281 calories. Where to Buy Lavash Bread: Armenian Lavash bread is readily available at Armenian, Middle Eastern, and Persian markets throughout the country. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Armenia, a mountainous country blessed with an abundance of pure and fresh drinking water, has a unique and ingenious way of providing free water to its inhabitants - the Pulpulak. Pulpulak is a distinctive feature of Armenia that leaves a lasting impression on everyone who visits the country. < Back Pulpulak - Water fountain in Armenia Armenia, a mountainous country blessed with an abundance of pure and fresh drinking water, has a unique and ingenious way of providing free water to its inhabitants - the Pulpulak. Pulpulak is a distinctive feature of Armenia that leaves a lasting impression on everyone who visits the country. What is a Pulpulak? A Pulpulak, translating to the ‘murmuring of water’, is a public drinking water fountain that is common in Armenia and is an integral part of Armenian culture. These fountains are typically built with stone and stand approximately one meter tall, providing cold mountain spring water. In some cases, they can have a unique design, thus becoming a piece of art. They first appeared in the streets of Yerevan in the 1920s and have since become extremely popular. Not long ago it was very strange for Armenians to understand the idea of “buying water” because water has always been ever-flowing and free in the country. Moreover, tap water is also safe to drink in Armenia, however, for those not accustomed to tap water, it is recommended to drink bottled water instead. Interestingly, when travelers are asked about their experiences in Armenia, they almost always mention the Pulpulaks. A very beautiful Pulpulak in Yerevan's 2800th Anniversary Park. More Than Just Fountains Pulpulaks serve more than just a utilitarian purpose. They are often erected to honor someone who has passed away or achieved something remarkable. When you drink from a memorial Pulpulak, you have to bow down to sip the water, symbolizing a way of paying respects to the deceased person. Yotnaghbyur (Յոթնաղբյուր, meaning "seven springs") is the name of the famous Pulpulak in Yerevan's Republic Square. It was erected by Spartak Knteghtsyan in 1965. The fountain was restored in 2008 by Moscow-based Armenian designer Nur. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

This article sheds light on Armenian inventors who have made noteworthy contributions to humanity. They serve as examples of how creativity, curiosity, and perseverance can lead to remarkable achievements. Let's celebrate their legacy and honor their memory by learning from their inventions and discoveries and making practical use of them! < Back Famous Armenian Inventors This article sheds light on Armenian inventors who have made noteworthy contributions to humanity. They serve as examples of how creativity, curiosity, and perseverance can lead to remarkable achievements. Let's celebrate their legacy and honor their memory by learning from their inventions and discoveries and making practical use of them! Since the greatest human invention is widely regarded as the alphabet, I decided to start this list with Mesrop Mashtots! Statues of Mesrop Mashtots and his student Koryun in front of Matenadaran Regarded as the father of the Armenian alphabet (405 AD), Mesrop Mashtots created one of the earliest alphabets globally. He is also considered to be the creator of the Caucasian Albanian and Georgian alphabets by a number of scholars. Raymond Vahan Damadian with the machine he named 'Indomitable,' which made the world's first MRI scan on July 3, 1977. (This picture was taken at the Smithsonian Institution Exhibit in 1986) Raymond Vahan Damadian was an American-Armenia physician, medical practitioner, and the inventor of the first NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) scanning machine. Damadian's research into sodium and potassium in living cells led him to his first experiments with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which prompted him to propose the MR body scanner in 1969. His discovery that tumors and normal tissue can be distinguished in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) due to their prolonged relaxation times, both T1 (spin-lattice relaxation) or T2 (spin-spin relaxation), laid the foundation for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In 1977, Damadian performed the first full-body scan of a human being to diagnose cancer, using the method he invented. Throughout his career, Damadian received several prizes for his groundbreaking contributions. In 2001, the Lemelson-MIT Prize Program honored him with its $100,000 Lifetime Achievement Award, recognizing him as "the man who invented the MRI scanner. Luther George Simjian Known as the "Father of the ATM," Simjian designed the first automated teller machine, changing how we access cash. With over 200 patents, primarily related to optics and electronics, his contributions include a pioneering flight simulator and improvements to the teleprompter. Artem Mikoyan An aeronautical mastermind, Mikoyan co-founded the MiG aircraft design bureau, responsible for some of the world's most iconic fighter jets. Under his leadership (together with M.I. Gurevich and V.A. Romodin), the MiG-1 and MiG-3 fighter aircraft that participated in the Great Patriotic War were created. After the war, the Mikoyan Design Bureau developed the MiG-15, MiG-17, MiG-19, MiG-21, MiG-23, MiG-25, MiG-27, and MiG-29 fighters. A total of 55 world records were set on Mikoyan Design Bureau aircraft. Oscar H. Banker (born Asatour Sarafian) Asatour Sarafian, an Armenian-American inventor, patented various works, including an automatic transmission for automobiles, a needleless inoculation gun, the primary controls of the first Sikorsky helicopter, and power steering. Known as the "Ice Cream Cone King," Tatosian patented the first waffle cone mold, enhancing the enjoyment of the quintessential summertime treat. Waffle cones were hand-rolled until 1912 when Frederick Bruckman is believed to have invented a rolling machine. In 1923, Harry G. Tatosian secured a U.S. patent for a machine to roll ice cream cones. In 1924, Carl R. Taylor received a U.S. patent for a machine that, in conjunction with a wafer baking machine, rolled cones from hot waffles, simultaneously cooling them. Here is a list of patents related to various machines: Melba toast making machine (thin slice of toasted bread, patent US2349583A) Ice cream cone forming and placing machine (US1804039A) Ice cream cone rolling machine (US1576011A) Cake making and forming machine (US2321634A) Cooking method Melba Toast Maker (US2349582A) Iron Cake Baking Machine (US2029448A) Toast Maker (US2514977A) Sugar Cone Baking Machine (US1540041A) Iron Baking Machine and Stripper (US1936649A) Baking Machine (US1936649A) Cake transfer machine (US2722178A) Ice cream cone rolling machine (second patent, US1440851A) Sugar cone making machine (US2213727A) Endless ribbon blade bread slicer (US2569545A) Ice cream machine (US1765464A) Pastry cone design (USD64482S) Cake Making and Forming Machine (CA413727A) Sarkis Acopian (1947) Sarkis Akopian studied mechanical engineering at Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania, before leaving to serve in the United States Army. After receiving an honorable discharge, he graduated from Lafayette with a B.S. in mechanical engineering. After graduation, Akopian joined Weller Electric Corp., where he designed a power sander and a soldering gun, which later became their main products. Motivated by his success, he founded Acopian Technical Company in 1957 with a small loan. There, he designed and manufactured the first solar radio, promoted as "Revolutionary – No Batteries or Outside Electrical Plug-ins – Uses light for its source of energy." In 1960, the company began manufacturing low-cost, plug-in regulated power supplies utilizing vacuum tubes. Akopian's inventions include engine power supplies, air and fuel purification devices, and electrical energy converters. Hovannes Adamian An Armenian engineer and inventor of more than 20 creations, Adamian played a crucial role in the development of color television. The first experimental color television, based on Adamian's tricolor principle, was showcased in London in 1928, marking him as one of the founders of color television. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Tucked away in a crumbling building off an uneven road, this abandoned restaurant holds a stunning secret — a clay bas-relief by renowned Armenian ceramist Eduard Beroyan. What was once a vibrant space now lies forgotten, but the artwork still clings to life. Join me on an urbex adventure that uncovers beauty where no one’s looking — in the dust, silence, and shadows of decay. < Back This Abandoned Restaurant Hides A Forgotten Masterpiece Tucked away in a crumbling building off an uneven road, this abandoned restaurant holds a stunning secret — a clay bas-relief by renowned Armenian ceramist Eduard Beroyan. What was once a vibrant space now lies forgotten, but the artwork still clings to life. Join me on an urbex adventure that uncovers beauty where no one’s looking — in the dust, silence, and shadows of decay. We were on an urbex mission with G. Mattu when he suddenly said, “Drive this way — I’ve got something special for you.” My heart started racing. I knew I was about to see something remarkable. And I wasn’t wrong. The thick vegetation was surrounding the restaurant... We parked the car on an uneven road and continued on foot. The buildings around us looked unremarkable, but I trusted him. We entered a round structure and — oh my god — it was the work of Eduard Beroyan, the very piece I’d seen earlier on Mattu’s Instagram. The unique design of the restaurant hall made a huge impression on me It turned out this place had once been a restaurant, and one of its walls was adorned with a stunning clay bas-relief by the talented ceramist Beroyan. Remarkably, the artwork was still in good condition, with only minor damage. Eduard Beroyan’s bas-relief adorned the wall, leaving a powerful impression Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

This cultural house in Armenia serves as a portal to the Soviet past, unveiling a rich architectural and cultural heritage. Remaining unrenovated, it has retained its original appearance, becoming a unique relic from the past that attracts urban explorers worldwide. < Back A Soviet Culture House in High Modernist Style This cultural house in Armenia serves as a portal to the Soviet past, unveiling a rich architectural and cultural heritage. Remaining unrenovated, it has retained its original appearance, becoming a unique relic from the past that attracts urban explorers worldwide. The Palace of Culture of Metsamor, founded between 1975 and 1986, later took on the name of Vazgen Sargsyan. Architects Martin Mikayelyan and Fred Africyan designed it in the high modernist style, characterized by aesthetic monotony, including large undecorated buildings with minimalist interiors, reaching its peak during the Cold War decades of 1950-1990. The facade of the culture house Since its opening in 1986, the Palace of Culture has never closed its doors to the audience and students. Unlike other buildings damaged or destroyed in the 90s, preservation efforts by the Metsamor House of Culture staff have kept everything intact, hosting theater performances and cultural events. The ceiling had a unique style and I liked it a lot. The House of Culture encompasses three groups: fine arts, needlework, and dance. Additionally, the Metsamor public library, housing over 32,000 pieces of literature, is located here. Presently, around 100 students engage in studies at the 694-seat Palace of Culture, participating in groups focused on ethnography, folk dances, and fine arts. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

This article offers concise details about the Geghama mountain range, covering its geography, flora, fauna, and historical monuments. It serves as a valuable tourist guide for those eager to take a hiking trip to Geghama mountains. < Back Geghama Mountains and Azhdahak This article offers concise details about the Geghama mountain range, covering its geography, flora, fauna, and historical monuments. It serves as a valuable tourist guide for those eager to take a hiking trip to Geghama mountains. The Geghama Mountains, also known as the Geghama Ridge, are a range of mountains located in Armenia. This mountain ridge stretches between Lake Sevan and the Ararat Plain, covering a length of 70 km and a width of 48 km. The range is of volcanic origin and the volcanic activity in the area peaked around 200 ka (in the context of geology, “ka” stands for “kilo-annum”, which is a unit of time equal to one thousand years. So, when it is said that the volcanic activity peaked around 200 ka, it means that the peak of the volcanic activity occurred approximately 200,000 years ago). The volcanoes Spitaksar (3560 m) and Geghasar (3446 m), which erupted 120ka and 80-40ka ago respectively, are sources of obsidian in Armenia. Satellite image of Geghama mountain ranage The highest peak of the Geghama mountains is Azhdahak, standing tall at 3597m, while the average elevation of the range is approximately 2500m. A lake has formed in the crater of the Azhdahak volcano, which is fed by meltwater throughout the year. Another crater lake is located in the crater of the Tar volcano, adjacent to Azhdahak. The second highest mountain is Spitakasar, with a height of 3560 meters above sea level. The frozen crater lake of Mount Azhdahak The name of the Geghama Ridge is associated with the name of Gegham - the great-grandson of the legendary ancestor of the Armenians, Hayk. Ecology The bird fauna of the Geghama mountains includes about 250 species, accounting for 70% of all Armenia’s avifauna. The area is home to a variety of bird species including: Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), Imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus). Animals include hares, rabbits, wolves, foxes, rarely bears, and reptiles include lizards and snakes. ------ The following plants are typically found in the Gegham Mountains: Peacock-eye pink (Dianthus pavonius) Whiteout (Iberis sempervirens) Basket of gold (Aurinia saxatilis) Jurinea moschus Arabis caucasica Catsfoot diclinous (Antennaria dioica) Gentiana pontica Red everlasting (Helichrysum pallasii) Lady’s-mantle (Alchemilla grossheimii) Alpine cinquefoil (Potentilla crantzi) Sibbaldia (Sibbaldia parviflora) Merendera Radde (Colchicum raddeanum) Oxytrope Lazica (Oxytropis lazica) Vavilovia Oshe (Lathyrus formosus). Peacock-eye pink (Dianthus pavonius) Historical Monuments Petroglyphs The Geghama mountains are rich in historical monuments, including petroglyphs and dragonstones, indicating that there were settlements in the area for thousands of years. There are a few geographical areas in Armenia where petroglyphs are concentrated; Geghama Ridge is among them! A quick glance at this petroglyph reveals images of deers and bulls A great number of petroglyphs (rock carvings) have been found in the area. These are source of historical information and in some sense can be treated as written monuments. They show men in scenes of hunting and working, as well as both domesticated and wild animals. Additionally, they depict astronomical bodies such as the Sun, the Moon, constellations, and the stellar sky. Phenomena such as lightning is also represented. Sketches of petroglyphs of Geghama mountains. (The petroglyphs of Geghama mountains/H.A. Martirosyan, 1981). Image colors are inverted Rock carvings can be used as rich sources of paleogeological information. Dominant among rock-carved animals is the bezoar goat, widespread in the high Alpine zones of prehistoric Armenia. Armenia offered favorable conditions for early goat and sheep domestication and improvement through crossbreeding with wild stock. Of high artistic quality among all the images in the Geghama mountain range are the lutiform carvings of deer, which impress with their realistic form. The study of rock carvings has brought to light another member of the extinct fauna - the elk. Dragon stone or Vishapakar Vishapakar, also known as dragons, dragon-stones, megalithic monuments, or menhirs, are monoliths abundant in the Armenian Highland. Situated at high altitudes, they are often found near natural and artificial ponds, as well as other water sources in proximity to high-altitude lakes, forming an intricate connection to the worship of water. A sketch of the dragonstone located near Dragon lake from Boris Piotrovsky’s book "Vishaps, Stone Monuments in Armenian Mountains." There are approximately 150 known vishaps discovered in the Armenian Highland, and 90 of them are located in Armenia. Most of the Vishaps found were lying horizontally, having fallen from their original standing positions. The concept of Vishaps was first introduced by the Armenian writer Atrpet in 1880, and his work was later published in 1926. In 1909, scientists began studying dragonstones (or vishaps) found in the Gegham mountains. That same year, during excavations at Armenia’s Pagan Temple of Garni by Nicholas Marr and Yakov Smirnov, local residents shared stories about Vishaps dwelling in the mountains. This prompted a scientific expedition to the Gegham mountains to confirm the existence of Vishaps and assess their scientific significance. Nicholas Marr standing near a dragon-stone in Geghama mountains, 1909 The findings from the Gegham mountains were published in 1931. They are considered to be Armenia’s oldest monuments, and to this day, they continue to be examined by scientists. The southeastern slopes of the Gegham mountains contain the Khosrov Forest, planted in the 4th century by Khosrov I and converted into a state park in 1958. During the summer season Geghama ridge is being inhabited by nomadic herders. This mountainous region attracts tourists from around the world with its charming landscapes and historical monuments. It is a must-visit destination for those who love to lead an active lifestyle and feel the calming presence of nature. Lakes in Geghama Mountains Lake Akna The largest lake in the Geghama mountain range is Lake Akna. It is situated at an elevation of 3030 meters above sea level, with a surface area of 0.5 square kilometers. The maximum depth is 15 meters, and the water capacity is 3.91 million cubic meters. It is primarily fed by snowmelt and springs. Sunset as seen from the shore of lake Akna In 1959, a reservoir was created by damming the lake. It underwent reconstruction in 1976, and its length is now 360 meters. Dragon Lake Dragon Lake is located 9 km east of Geghard village, at an altitude of 2620 meters above sea level, covering an area of 30 hectares. Dragon lake in Geghama mountains Lake Nazeli The lake is situated approximately 1.5 km east of Mount Nazeli at an altitude of 3100 meters. In old maps, it is referred to as Badi (Duck) Lake. The last photo before descending towards lake Nazeli Coming back to Azhdahak! This mountain is a popular tourist destination, renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and crater lake. Its unique beauty and volcanic origin make it a must-visit location. For a hiking tour to mount Azhdahak check out this link please! Thanks Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

In this brief article, I am presenting information about early Armenian travelers - brave individuals renowned for not only forging valuable trade and diplomatic connections during their journeys but also acquiring esoteric knowledge from Tibetan monks and Hindi fakirs. Concurrently, Abovyan emerged as the pioneer to ascend the summit of the Biblical Mount Ararat, dispelling notions of an Ark resting there. Additionally he conquered Little Ararat, as well as Mount Aragats (the first recorded ascent). < Back Early Armenian Explorers In this brief article, I am presenting information about early Armenian travelers - brave individuals renowned for not only forging valuable trade and diplomatic connections during their journeys but also acquiring esoteric knowledge from Tibetan monks and Hindi fakirs. Concurrently, Abovyan emerged as the pioneer to ascend the summit of the Biblical Mount Ararat, dispelling notions of an Ark resting there. Additionally he conquered Little Ararat, as well as Mount Aragats (the first recorded ascent). Sargis Abegha Sargis Abegha (b. 1550 - d. 1635) was an Armenian traveler-writer of the 16th century. Thanks to his "Travel Notes," discovered in 1940 in Diyarbakır, we can learn about his journeys. In the beginning of 1587, he left Yerznka for Constantinople, from where he began his six-year journey (1587-1592) in Europe. He traveled by ship to Smyrna, then to Italy (visiting Venice, Rome, Padua, and other cities). He traveled on foot from Italy to Switzerland (Zurich, Basel, etc.), reached Flanders along the banks of the Rhine (Koblenz, Cologne, etc.), went to England (London and 25 other cities), and then to France (Lyon, Marseille, Paris, etc.). From the port of Nantes, he went to Spain (Burgos, Salamanca, Zamora, etc.), Portugal (Porto, Lisbon, etc.), and then back to Spain (Seville, Cordova, Granada, Toledo, Madrid, Barcelona, etc.). He sailed to Italy from the Spanish port of Valencia, visited Genoa, Florence, Naples, and other cities, as well as the islands of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. He returned by ship from Venice in 1591 to Constantinople. From there, he went to Moldova, visiting cities with large Armenian communities such as Tsassi, Suchava, Botoshan, and Khotyn. He crossed the Dniester to Poland, visiting Kamenets-Podulsk, where he found large Armenian communities. He returned to Moldova, sailed from Akkerman to Trabzon, and returned from there to St. Kyrakos Monastery. Sargis, in his "Traveling Notes," did not limit himself to the description of temples and sanctuaries; he also provided details about the population of the cities he visited, their occupations, the state of charitable and cultural institutions, and the political situation of the given countries. During his travels, he learned Italian, German, Flemish, English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese. Summarizing the first and main period of his journey (1587-1591), Sargis writes that he visited 1,000 fortresses and cities, 4,000 churches, 3,000 monasteries, and 8,000 nunneries. Zakaria Aguletsi Zakaria Aguletsi was an Armenian traveler and merchant, born around September 26 (October 6), 1630, in Verin Agulis. Between 1647 and 1681, during his commercial activities, he visited Iran, Turkey, Italy, Spain, Germany, and Holland. He documented his travels in his travel notes, providing information on the nature, population, land and sea routes, domestic and international trade, economic and political life of the second half of the 17th century, as well as the structure of rural communities in Armenia. He also discussed internal conflicts, community state, manorial lands, forms of tax collection, administrative structure, popular unrest, and the enrichment of the population by the khans. Aguletsi's records also include details about retail and wholesale prices of products, offering insights into the living standards of the population. Khachatur Abovyan A mosaic of Khachatur Abovian and Friedrich Parrot (in Khachatur Abovyan House-Museum) Khachatur Abovyan (1809-1848) was an outstanding Armenian writer, pedagogue, enlightener, and founder of Eastern Armenian secular literature. He was also an explorer. In 1829, Professor Friedrich Parrott from the University of Dorpat (a city in Estonia) came to Etchmiadzin to climb the peak of Ararat with a group of scientists. Khachatur Abovyan was ordained as a deacon and translator in Etchmiatsin for important occasions involving Russian and European travelers who came to conduct various scientific studies.The expedition had received approval from Emperor Nicholas I, who also provided a military escort. At the professor's request, Catholicos, familiar with the local circumstances, allowed Abovyan to participate in the scientific expedition. Passing Araks, they reached Akori, located on the northern slope of Ararat, at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. Following the advice of Harutyun Alamdaryan, the expedition set up a camp near the Saint Hakob Monastery (at an altitude of 2400m above sea level). Their first attempt to climb the peak of Ararat on the northern slope failed due to a lack of warm clothes. After 6 days, following the advice of Stepan Khojiyants, the village head of Akori, the expedition started the ascent on the northwestern slope. Having reached the height of 4885 m, they had to return because they would not be able to reach the top before sunset. The expedition successfully reached the top of Ararat on the third attempt on September 27, 1829 (October 9) at 15:00. Abovyan made a hole in the ice and placed a wooden cross facing north. He also put a piece of ice in a bottle and brought it down as holy water. Later, climbing to the top of Ararat was declared "blasphemy," and Abovyan was persecuted by the clergy. On November 8 of the same year, Abovyan and Parrot climbed to the top of Small Ararat, Sis. In 1845, Abovyan climbed to the top of Ararat again, this time with the German naturalist Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich. For the third and final time, Abovyan climbed to the top of Ararat in 1846 with the Englishman Henry Danby Seymour. George Ivanovich Gurdjieff George Ivanovich Gurdjieff (c. 1867 – October 29, 1949) was an Armenian philosopher, traveler, mystic, spiritual teacher, composer, and dance teacher. Gurdjieff was born in Alexandropol (now Gyumri) in the Russian Empire (now Armenia). He spent his childhood in Kars (medieval Armenian capital), which, from 1878 to 1918, served as the administrative capital of the Russian-ruled Transcaucasus province of Kars Oblast. Both the city of Kars and its surrounding territory housed a diverse population, including Armenians, Russians, Caucasus Greeks, Georgians, Turks, Kurds, and smaller numbers of Christian communities from Eastern and Central Europe, as well as the Yazidi community. Growing up in this multi-ethnic society, Gurdjieff became fluent in Armenian, Pontic Greek, Russian, and Turkish, the latter spoken in a blend of elegant Osmanlı and some dialect. Later, he acquired "a working facility with several European languages." In his youth, Gurdjieff avidly read literature from various sources. Influenced by these writings and experiencing phenomena he could not explain, he developed the conviction that a hidden truth known to mankind in the past could not be ascertained from science or mainstream religion. In early adulthood, Gurdjieff's search for such knowledge led him to travel extensively to Central Asia, Egypt, Iran, India, Tibet, and other places before returning to Russia for a few years in 1912. Notably, he was one of the earliest European travelers who successfully visited Tibet, a region that, as we know, was closed to foreigners. During his travels, Gurdjieff studied various spiritual traditions, including Sufism, Buddhism, and Eastern Christianity. He collected fragments of ancient knowledge, as well as sacred music and dances from the countries he visited. He founded the "Institute for Harmonious Development of Man" (1919-1922), dedicated to personal growth, consciousness, and existence in everyday life. 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This abandoned hotel hides one of the most amazing mosaics one can see in Armenia! A paradise for art lovers and urbex photographers! < Back Exploring an Abandoned Hotel This abandoned hotel hides one of the most amazing mosaics one can see in Armenia! A paradise for art lovers and urbex photographers! The first time I saw this mosaic was in G. Mattu’s post, and he was the one who guided me there. I was so happy to finally visit this place and see the magical mosaic by Armenian painter, Honored Artist of the USSR (1983), Garnik Smbatyan (1929—2003). An old road led us close, and finally, we saw the hidden hotel in the woods! The abandoned hotel was an architectural marvel... From time to time, guards are present, but that day there was no one around. Getting in was easy; early explorers (hopefully not looters) had made a way in. We sneaked in, and I saw the magic! The gigantic mosaic left me speechless. This is what I look for during my explorations. Some are looking for old machinery, documents, but what drives me is her majesty art. The Birth of Astghik by Smbatyan (1982) Astghik was the goddess of water, love, and beauty in ancient Armenian mythology. The artist was inspired by The Birth of Venus, a painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli, probably executed in the mid-1480s. It depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her birth, when she had emerged from the sea fully-grown (called Venus Anadyomene and often depicted in art). The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli Smbatyan was a prolific and talented painter whose works are exhibited in the National Gallery of Armenia and can be found in private collections in Armenia and abroad. The mosaic was huge, and the low light, as well as columns of the building, did not allow for a good quality photo. I did my best but hope to return when having a better camera. A low quality copy of Ivan Aivazovsky's " View of Constantinople by moonlight" For comparison here is the original painting! Ivan Aivazovsky "View of Constantinople by moonlight" We moved forward, exploring further, and found ourselves in the cinema hall, but there was nothing left behind. On each floor, when going up the stairs, one could see murals, copies of famous paintings. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next