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Behind the thick vegetation, an old and mysterious-looking building stood. An abandoned cinema from a bygone era, a silent sentinel amidst the mineral springs and modern resorts. < Back Exploring an Abandoned Cinema Behind the thick vegetation, an old and mysterious-looking building stood. An abandoned cinema from a bygone era, a silent sentinel amidst the mineral springs and modern resorts. Details about the cinema’s construction and operation remain unknown. I dug through the entire internet but failed to find the name of the architect or the construction date. Its architectural style, however, suggests a Soviet influence, possibly built sometime in the mid-20th century. Hidden behind the trees the abandoned cinema was like inviting me in The exact reason for its closure remains shrouded in mystery. Perhaps the collapse of the Soviet Union, changing cultural trends, the rise of television, or a decline in tourism led to its demise. Whatever the cause, the doors of the cinema eventually closed, leaving behind a shell of its former glory. Today, the abandoned theater stands as a haunting reminder of a bygone era. Urban explorers might venture through its decaying halls, capturing faded posters of long-forgotten films on peeling walls. Empty spaces and a once-grand stage hint at the laughter and tears once shared within these silent walls. Though not much was left behind, the interior was still very impressive The future of this abandoned cinema remains uncertain. Will it be demolished to make way for new development, or will it be restored to its former glory, once again becoming a hub for entertainment and cultural exchange? Only time will tell. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

Inside this cultural house, we discovered busts of Lenin and Shahumyan, along with a huge fresco created in 1965 by the Armenian artist R.S. Mnatsakanyan. < Back This Culture House Hides Busts of Lenin and Shahumyan and a Gorgeous Fresco Inside this cultural house, we discovered busts of Lenin and Shahumyan, along with a huge fresco created in 1965 by the Armenian artist R.S. Mnatsakanyan. The culture house was built in a modernist style, featuring large windows that adorn the facade and allow ample light to enter. The interior was neat and freshly renovated. One of the locals graciously gave us a tour. The event hall The concert hall appeared well-maintained and recently restored. Despite the modern updates, they have preserved busts of Lenin and Shahumyan, which were lying forgotten somewhere in a corner. The fresco of R.S. Mnatsakanyan, year 1965 The highlights of our visit were two frescoes depicting girls harvesting grapes and a magnificent fresco by R.S. Mnatsakanyan, inspired by the Armenian epic poem "Daredevils of Sasoun" or "Sasuntsi Davit" (Սասունցի Դավիթ), as it is known in Armenian. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

In this article, you will learn about the cemetery of German war prisoners in the Slabotka district of Gyumri, where their memory is honored by visitors from Armenia, Germany, and beyond. < Back The Cemetery of German POWs in Gyumri In this article, you will learn about the cemetery of German war prisoners in the Slabotka district of Gyumri, where their memory is honored by visitors from Armenia, Germany, and beyond. During and after World War II, thousands of German prisoners of war were transported to Armenia, where they participated in various labor projects. The total number of prisoners of war in Armenia amounted to around 16,160. Among them was the renowned Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist Konrad Lorenz, who later shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch. I previously wrote an article titled " Konrad Lorenz's Life as a Prisoner of War in Armenia "—feel free to check it out! As in other parts of Armenia, in Gyumri—known as Leninakan during Soviet times—German prisoners of war primarily worked on construction projects in the "Nor Avan" neighborhood. Their labor was also used for road building, and it was these prisoners who laid the stone-paved streets that still adorn the city center today. Sadly, many of these prisoners did not survive long enough to return to their homeland and passed away in Armenia. Today, several cemeteries in Armenia remain preserved where these prisoners were buried. One such cemetery is located in the "Slabotka" district of Gyumri, next to the former prison. Here, 369 German prisoners of war are buried. From time to time, German tourists visit this site to pay their respects to their compatriots. Modest crosses can be seen covering the cemetery, along with an information board and an inscription in German and Russian: 'Here lie the prisoners of war—victims of the Second World War.'" Years ago, the graves were numbered to help relatives from Germany locate the resting places of their loved ones. In the 1970s, the body of a German colonel was taken back to Germany by his family. According to some accounts, one of the former prisoners, after returning to Germany, provided financial support to help establish this cemetery for his fellow countrymen. The cemetery was maintained until the 1988 earthquake. Before the earthquake, the cemetery caretaker was a man named Spiridon. Despite having fought in the Great Patriotic War and being wounded by Germans, Spiridon took care of the prisoners' cemetery and ensured its upkeep. Neighbors testify that after Spiridon's passing, no one has taken over the responsibility of looking after the cemetery. When I visited the cemetery, it looked neat and well-preserved. From the top of the hillside where it's located, there was a beautiful view opening up toward the city of Gyumri. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

Join my guided tours in Armenia to explore an abandoned copper mine. We’ll cross adrenaline-pumping bridges and venture into tunnels that promise an unforgettable experience and incredible photo opportunities. < Back Exploring an Abandoned Copper Mine Join my guided tours in Armenia to explore an abandoned copper mine. We’ll cross adrenaline-pumping bridges and venture into tunnels that promise an unforgettable experience and incredible photo opportunities. Abandoned copper mines, including their eerie tunnels, have a unique allure for adventurers, particularly those interested in urban exploration (urbex) and industrial archaeology. This mine was once a key site for copper extraction, but it was abandoned when the workers relocated to a nearby mining area. Now, this deserted place attracts urban explorers and photographers alike. Inside the first tunnel! It takes about 15 minutes to walk through the muddy ground up to the ore carts, but the effort is well worth it Within the site, there are two tunnels connected by two rusty, decaying bridges. The first tunnel, located near the parking area, still contains ore carts. Previously, these carts could be seen on the bridges as well, but they have since been removed. The carts once transported ore from this tunnel, crossing the bridges before turning toward the second tunnel. I am crossing the bridge to reach the second tunnel of the former copper mine... It takes about 15 minutes to walk from one end of the second tunnel to the other, though its full length remains unknown. The tunnels are damp and muddy, so waterproof boots are strongly recommended. Crossing the bridge to reach the tunnel of the abandoned copper mine often feels like stepping into a forgotten world. The bridge, typically weathered and aged, offers a striking view of the rugged terrain below, setting the tone for the eerie adventure ahead. What Does This Visit Promise? The thrill of exploring an abandoned, often dangerous, environment is a major draw for adrenaline seekers. The risk of entering unstable tunnels, navigating dark passageways, and uncovering hidden chambers adds a level of excitement that is hard to match. The entrance to the tunnel features a carved date on the facade: 1966. For photographers and artists, the abandoned copper mine offers a hauntingly beautiful setting. The interplay of light and shadow, the decaying infrastructure, and the natural reclamation of the site by the environment create a unique, otherworldly atmosphere. It’s an ideal location for capturing striking images or finding creative inspiration. Inside the tunnel... In essence, the appeal of this former copper mine lies in its blend of historical significance, architectural intrigue, adventurous appeal, and artistic potential. For those with a passion for exploration and discovery, these abandoned tunnels offer a truly unique and compelling experience. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

This abandoned sanatorium in Armenia is one of several buildings constructed by German prisoners of war. It not only has a fascinating history but also striking architecture that draws urban explorers from around the world. Let’s take a look inside this remarkable place — despite being looted, it has preserved surprisingly much and left a strong impression on me. < Back Exploring an Abandoned Sanatorium Built by German Prisoners of War This abandoned sanatorium in Armenia is one of several buildings constructed by German prisoners of war. It not only has a fascinating history but also striking architecture that draws urban explorers from around the world. Let’s take a look inside this remarkable place — despite being looted, it has preserved surprisingly much and left a strong impression on me. During and following World War II, numerous German prisoners of war were relocated to Armenia, engaging in diverse labor projects. They contributed not only to agricultural endeavors but also to the construction of bridges, schools, factories, and sanatoriums. These structures, recognized for their durability, earned the nickname "German Quality" among Armenians. There were around 16,160 prisoners of war in Armenia. A historical photo of the sanatorium while it was still under construction. By the way, among them was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist named Konrad Lorenz. He was a co-recipient of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine alongside Nikolaas Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch. The tourist is enjoying the view from the balcony of the 3rd floor This sanatorium, which we explored, was also built by German prisoners of war and was named after S. M. Lazarev. Construction began in 1934, but by 1941 only the first floor had been completed. After the war, work continued with the help of POWs who were living on the opposite bank of the river. The architect behind the project was Samvel Safaryan. Each room has a nice balcony with a view towards the garden full of trees and a pool The building has four floors with impressive colonnades that give it a unique charm. There was once an open-air bar on the roof. Inside, I found numerous documents—the most recent from 2003—indicating that the sanatorium was operational at least until that year. The interior is carefully designed, with great attention paid to every detail Since it was abandoned only recently and had been guarded for a long time, it remains relatively well preserved. Its architectural design and massive scale attract travelers from around the world. This is an ideal location for anyone interested in urban exploration. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

While exploring abandoned buildings in Armenia, we discovered a looted institute with two striking bas-reliefs and remnants of research on livestock and animal nutrition. This site once played a vital role in advancing Armenia's livestock industry, focusing on animal quality and forage production. < Back Exploring the Abandoned Armenian Scientific Institute of Livestock Breeding and Forage Production While exploring abandoned buildings in Armenia, we discovered a looted institute with two striking bas-reliefs and remnants of research on livestock and animal nutrition. This site once played a vital role in advancing Armenia's livestock industry, focusing on animal quality and forage production. While exploring abandoned buildings in Armenia with G. Mattu, we spotted a large bas-relief in the distance. I had previously seen this bas-relief online but had no idea of its location. Access to the building was straightforward, so we decided to enter. Inside, we encountered an impressive bas-relief featuring thematic images that aligned with the institution's activities. The facade of the building was decorating a nice bas-relief The site had been looted; the library was devoid of books, and most rooms were nearly empty of furniture. However, some bulletin boards remained, showcasing photographs and informational texts related to pigs, poultry farming, animal nutrition, forage, and sheep breeding. These remnants provided insight into the research fields once pursued at the institute. An old educational display related to a specific breed of sheep I believe the institute likely played a crucial role in enhancing Armenia's livestock industry, focusing on both the quality of the animals and the availability of their feed. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

This article provides a comprehensive guide to the best one-day hiking tours from Yerevan, Armenia's capital. These private, guided tours are designed for your convenience, typically beginning early in the morning at around 7:30 AM and concluding back in Yerevan by 6:00 PM. We invite you to explore the hiking destination that excites you most and book your adventure. To arrange a tour with Armenian Explorer, simply scroll to the bottom of the page to find my contact information. < Back Best One-Day Hiking Tours from Yerevan This article provides a comprehensive guide to the best one-day hiking tours from Yerevan, Armenia's capital. These private, guided tours are designed for your convenience, typically beginning early in the morning at around 7:30 AM and concluding back in Yerevan by 6:00 PM. We invite you to explore the hiking destination that excites you most and book your adventure. To arrange a tour with Armenian Explorer, simply scroll to the bottom of the page to find my contact information. Mount Azhdahak (3597m.) Reaching the highest peak of the Geghama Mountain Range is one of those adventures that stays with you long after you return home. The journey begins in Yerevan, and after an hour’s drive, we reach Geghard village, where a 14-kilometer off-road trail begins—a rocky path that in places requires slowing down, but is full of character. Along the way, you'll encounter flocks of sheep lazily crossing the slopes and eagles circling overhead. The classic hike starts at the foot of Mount Paytasar (3,000 m), with an elevation gain of 600 meters over 5.5 km one way. In cases where tourists are less prepared, I drive all the way to the foot of Mount Azhdahak, from where only a 50-minute hike is needed to reach the summit. The view from the summit of mount Azhdahak The reward for the climb is Azhdahak’s crown jewel: a crystal-clear crater lake perched at over 3,500 meters above sea level. In summer, its icy waters tempt the brave to take a plunge. From the edge of Azhdahak crater, dramatic, almost apocalyptic landscapes open up before you. This is the very place where, millions of years ago, an asteroid struck, leaving behind the distinctive crater you see today. On a clear day, Lake Sevan shimmers on the horizon, while Dragon Lake and Akna Lake complete the unforgettable panorama. I drove all the way to the foot of Mount Azhdahak, from where only a 50-minute hike is needed to reach the summit! Notice the layer of dust on the car after crossing the rugged terrain. The Geghama Mountains are rich in petroglyphs and vishapakars (dragon-stones), megalithic marvels that reflect Armenia’s prehistoric architecture, craftsmanship, and traditions. Dragon-stones, or vishaps, are enigmatic monoliths found near high-altitude springs and lakes, believed to be connected with ancient water worship. Dating back thousands of years, these monuments are among the oldest in Armenia, offering unique insights into the country's earliest human activity and symbolic world. The Geghama Mountains are home to thousands of petroglyphs — rock carvings that serve as Armenia’s earliest “written” monuments. They depict hunting scenes, daily life, wild and domestic animals, as well as celestial bodies like the Sun, Moon, and constellations. Some even show natural phenomena such as lightning. Among the most common figures is the bezoar goat, once widespread in Armenia’s highlands and key to early goat and sheep domestication. Particularly striking are the lifelike deer carvings, noted for their artistic quality, and depictions of now-extinct fauna such as the elk. These images are not only art but also valuable records of Armenia’s prehistoric environment and culture. For more information about the hike to mount Azhdahak check out this tour itinerary! Mount Aragats Mount Aragats is the highest mountain in Armenia, with four distinct summits named after their geographical positions: North, South, East, and West. The southern summit (3,888 m) is the most popular choice for hikers, mainly because it’s the easiest to reach In just 1 hour and 10 minutes from Yerevan, you can drive up to Lake Kari at 3,200 meters — the classic starting point for the climb. From here, it’s roughly 5.5 km to the top of the southern peak. The 4 summits of mount Aragats! It's up to you to decide which summit to conquer! While Lake Kari (3200m) is a convenient and budget-friendly starting point for all four summits, those aiming for the more challenging northern and eastern peaks often prefer to start from Gegharot Waterfall (3000m). This route shortens the hiking distance, but reaching the waterfall requires a high-clearance vehicle, unlike Lake Kari, which is accessible even by a regular sedan. We are crossing the last difficult part of Northern Aragats to reach the summit (4090m) If you’re fit and want to push your limits, it’s possible to conquer two summits in a single day — for example, the Southern (3888m) and Western (3995m) peaks. Another great option is to split the adventure over two days: start from Lake Kari, climb the Southern and Western summits, then spend the night camping inside Aragats’ massive crater. The next morning, continue with the Northern (4090m) and Eastern (3908m) peaks, and finally descend to Gegharot Waterfall (3000m), where an off-road vehicle will be waiting. For more information about the hike to mount Aragats (in this itinerary you will learn about the details on how to conquer all 4 summits) check out this tour itinerary! Mount Artanish (2460m.) Located on Artanish Peninsula on the eastern shore of lake Sevan mount Artanish is perfect for hiking during all 4 seasons of the year. It is the only peak from which the entire lake Sevan can be seen. With an altitude of 2460 meters the mountain offers a moderate hiking difficulty. You will need 5km to get to the summit from the starting point. For more details about this hike check out the itinerary. Mount Dimats (2360m) This destination is another must go hike in Armenia. Up to the summit one can get via off-road car but here is the case. During my tours I have started driving up to Armenia’s highest Shaghot waterfall and start the hike from there, instead of starting from the Teghut village, since I have noticed that the 8.5 km one way is too exhausting for hikers. An alternative can be driving up to Dimats mountain and conquering mount Sartsapat instead, rewarding ourselves both with an off-road adventure as well as a pleasant hike. For more information check out this itinerary. Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail Located just an hour’s drive from Yerevan, the Aparan Reservoir offers a memorable hike through dense forests and alpine meadows. Suitable in all seasons, it is a must-visit destination for anyone seeking a pleasant outdoor stroll. The trail is divided into two loops: the Big Loop and the Small Loop, though you can also combine them for a longer hike. The Big Loop is slightly more challenging, with some ascents, while the Small Loop is easier. Both trails wind through beautiful pine forests and vibrant alpine meadows. As the name suggests, the trail is a loop-type path. Along the way, hikers can visit the 4th-century St. Poghos-Petros Basilica, which partially submerges under water for 3–4 months each year, adding a unique historical element to the scenic journey. For more information check out the full itinerary! Smbataberd fortress and Tsaghats Kar monastic complex For hikers interested in historical sites, Smbataberd Fortress is a must-visit destination. Perched atop a mountain, the fortress offers breathtaking views of Yeghegis village and the surrounding mountains. Along the trail, you’ll also encounter the Tsaghats Kar Monastic Complex and its khachkars, before finishing in Yeghegis village near the 14th-century Zorats Church. Smbataberd is one of the best-preserved medieval fortresses in Armenia, making it both a scenic and culturally rich highlight of the hike. The hike from Yeghegis Village to Smbataberd Fortress covers about 2.5 km and takes roughly one hour. From the fortress, the trail descends and then climbs again toward the Tsaghats Kar Monastic Complex, a 3.5 km stretch that takes approximately 1.5 hours. Tsaghats Kar consists of two groups of structures, separated by about 200 meters (656 feet), and the site leaves a lasting impression on visitors. The upper complex, in particular, carries a mysterious aura that captivates hikers. After exploring Tsaghats Kar, the trail continues back down toward Yeghegis Village, leading to Zorats Church, located about 3.5 km away. This marks the end of the route. For more information check out the full itinerary. Lastiver Trail Another wonderful hiking destination is the Lastiver caves and cascades, a perfect year-round adventure. The trail stretches 3.5 km one way along the forested banks of the Khachaghbyur River. Lastiver gained wider recognition in the early 2000s when ecotourism enthusiasts began organizing regular trips to this magical spot. It is home to a two-story cave perched on the steep slope of a canyon near the river’s majestic gorge. Surrounded by towering trees, rugged cliffs, and the soothing roar of the river, the area feels like stepping into a fairy tale. In the 1970s, Soviet-Armenian sculptor Benik Petrosyan decorated the cave walls with striking bas-reliefs, giving it an even more mysterious aura. Many visitors mistakenly believe the carvings date back to ancient times, which only deepens the sense of wonder. At the bottom of the gorge, a stunning waterfall completes the landscape, blending naturally into Lastiver’s rich ecosystem. The pristine environment makes it a beloved destination for ecotourists and nature lovers alike. For those seeking more from this hike, it is highly recommended to continue on to Okon Monastery, built in 1863. In front of the monastery stands a khachkar (cross-stone) dating back to the 12th–13th centuries. For more information check out the full itinerary. Note: All these private tours are customizable and can be combined with both sightseeing and camping tours. Contact Armenian Explorer via WhatsApp or Telegram at +374 55677868, and we will already customize the upcoming tour together. 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A true time capsule, this school, built in 1901 with the support of Gaspar Ter-Margaryan, has left an indelible mark. Unlike many abandoned buildings in Armenia, this architectural marvel remains untouched, thanks to the efforts of the locals who have preserved its rich history. Despite the school's closure in 2010, its cultural significance lives on, with hopes for restoration to transform it into a museum. < Back Exploring an abandoned school in Armenia A true time capsule, this school, built in 1901 with the support of Gaspar Ter-Margaryan, has left an indelible mark. Unlike many abandoned buildings in Armenia, this architectural marvel remains untouched, thanks to the efforts of the locals who have preserved its rich history. Despite the school's closure in 2010, its cultural significance lives on, with hopes for restoration to transform it into a museum. We are on the road again with G. Mattu, and it takes us to the best-preserved abandoned school in Armenia. This school is like a time capsule and left a lasting impression on me! A local man was working in the yard, and we asked for permission to sneak inside. It looks like an architectural marvel, but the interior impressed me even more! I did not expect to see so many things preserved inside! Usually, buildings in Armenia are looted, but not this one. The locals have preserved it well. The school was built in 1901 with the support of Gaspar Ter-Margaryan, a village resident who made his fortune by mining oil in Baku. Seryozha Margaryan, a relative of the benefactor, who himself attended this school from 1966 to 1976, says that Ter-Margaryan built similar schools in 15 to 20 villages of Syunik region. The hallway and photos of graduates on the wall! There were years when 400 students attended the school in several shifts. In the last years of its existence, the number of students in the school gradually decreased: 13 students studied in the academic year 2003-2004, 11 students in 2004-2005, 9 students in 2005-2006, and 6 students per class in 2006-2007. Today, there are no school-age children in the village, and it is not possible to reopen the school. The school finally closed in 2010 after over a century of educating Armenia’s pupils. The restoration of the school building today has purely cultural significance. The building can serve as a museum. Me in chemistry class! Even the school where I studied didn't look this sublime! It had bare walls and looked symplistic... Currently, it is on the verge of collapse and is ready to become a distant memory for those who received such high-quality education in a place with a historical backdrop. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

When I visited the institute, I saw a room filled with crystal growth furnaces. To me, they looked more like forgotten artworks than old scientific machines. Rows of cylindrical chambers with heavy bolts and pipes stood in place, humming softly as water trickled through their cooling systems. This article aims to shed light on these marvelous machines which, thanks to their high quality, are still operating and producing crystals < Back Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab When I visited the institute, I saw a room filled with crystal growth furnaces. To me, they looked more like forgotten artworks than old scientific machines. Rows of cylindrical chambers with heavy bolts and pipes stood in place, humming softly as water trickled through their cooling systems. This article aims to shed light on these marvelous machines which, thanks to their high quality, are still operating and producing crystals An elderly scientist welcomed us and began to explain how the machines work. The terminology was too dense for me to follow in real time, but thankfully my friend recorded the lecture. Later, with some research, I managed to reconstruct what was happening here. These were Czochralski crystal growth machines, also called crystal pullers. Seeing them for the first time was something new for me. I am usually drawn to Soviet monumental art, but in that moment, these machines impressed me just as much. They looked like sculptures from an industrial age when science and technology had their own aesthetic power. The Czochralski Method The Czochralski method is the most widely used process for growing large single crystals. It was first developed in 1916 by Polish scientist Jan Czochralski, but it reached its peak during the Cold War, when both the Soviet Union and the West needed perfect crystals for semiconductors and lasers. Here’s how it works: Melting the material – A crucible, usually made of quartz, is filled with extremely pure raw material, like silicon or aluminum oxide, and heated until it melts. The heaters are often made of molybdenum or graphite, materials that can withstand enormous temperatures. Creating an inert atmosphere – The chamber is filled with an inert gas, most often argon, so that the molten material does not oxidize or react with air. Pulling the crystal – A small “seed crystal” is dipped into the molten material. The seed is then slowly pulled upward and rotated. As it rises, atoms from the melt attach themselves to the seed’s atomic lattice, gradually building a single crystal, called a boule. Shaping and control – By carefully controlling the pulling speed and rotation, the scientist can determine the crystal’s diameter and quality. The result is a large, perfect crystal that can later be sliced and polished for use in electronics, optics, or lasers. Other Techniques Not every furnace in the room was a vertical puller. Some appeared to be horizontal multi-zone tube furnaces, which are used in the Bridgman–Stockbarger method or in zone refining. In this approach, the material in a crucible is slowly moved through different heating zones inside a horizontal tube. The gradual temperature change allows crystals to form. This technique was widely used in Soviet laboratories during the 1960s–1970s to produce high-purity semiconductors like silicon and germanium. The control panels, with their teal-blue dials, gauges, and switches, gave the room an almost retro-futuristic look. Voltmeters and ammeters measured the power going to the heaters. Timers tracked the process. Rows of round indicator lights showed the status of different heating zones. The whole setup looked both old-fashioned and incredibly advanced for its time. The scientist even showed us pipe-shaped ruby crystals. Holding them felt like touching a piece of history. Ruby crystals were central to the invention of the laser. In 1964, Soviet physicists Aleksandr Prokhorov and Nikolay Basov shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with American Charles Townes for their theoretical work on masers and lasers — the principle of producing coherent light by stimulated emission. While the first working ruby laser was actually built in the United States by Theodore Maiman in 1960, it was Prokhorov and Basov who laid the theoretical foundation and developed many of the techniques that made such breakthroughs possible. The furnaces in this institute are not only for semiconductors like silicon wafers. They also produce a range of crystals used in optics and laser technology: Garnets (YAG, Y₃Al₅O₁₂): Widely used in solid-state lasers. Fluorides (CaF₂, LiF, BaF₂): Essential for UV lenses, infrared windows, and as laser host materials. Ruby (Al₂O₃ doped with chromium): The first solid-state laser crystal, still used for research and education. Sapphire (pure Al₂O₃): Valued for its hardness, optical clarity, and use as a substrate in electronics. Walking out of the lab, I felt as if I had stepped back in time. The machines, the smell of heated metal, the sound of water cooling pipes — everything reminded me of the Soviet tradition of merging science, industry, and vision. For me, someone more used to admiring monumental Soviet mosaics and sculptures, these crystal growth machines carried the same sense of power and beauty. They are not relics. They are still at work, producing crystals for optics and lasers, keeping alive a legacy of scientific craftsmanship that began decades ago and still shines today. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

This narrative takes you on an urban exploration mission to a Soviet-era intercontinental radio station in Armenia, intertwined with an unexpected discussion about the Duga radar. Discover the site’s historical significance, its role in Cold War-era broadcasts, and its current enigmatic state. < Back From Duga Radars to Intercontinental Radio Rebroadcasting Station in Armenia This narrative takes you on an urban exploration mission to a Soviet-era intercontinental radio station in Armenia, intertwined with an unexpected discussion about the Duga radar. Discover the site’s historical significance, its role in Cold War-era broadcasts, and its current enigmatic state. I still vividly recall the day I first stepped into this place. Although I had known about it, my habit of procrastination kept me away until now. On this urbex mission with a French photographer Damien, I found myself unexpectedly drawn into a conversation about the Duga radar. For those unfamiliar, the Duga radar , also known as the " Russian Woodpecker, " was a Soviet over-the-horizon radar system from the Cold War, designed for early missile detection and intelligence gathering. Built in the 1970s near Chernobyl, Ukraine, the massive structure stood approximately 150 meters tall and 700 meters long, emitting a distinctive tapping sound on shortwave frequencies that earned it its nickname. In the territory of the Intercontinental Radio Station When Damien was telling about Duga, in the distance, the towering antennas of an intercontinental radio station were visible. I asked Demien, "Why did you suddenly start talking about Duga? Did you see something similar?" He replied, “No… What should I see?” Pointing towards the horizon, I showed him the antennas. "Wait, what's that?" he asked. I replied, "Man, it’s no coincidence you remembered Duga. Let's check this out!" The entire territory was densely covered with a complex network of antennas We soon found ourselves exploring this remarkable site, partially active and filled with control boards of otherworldly design. This intercontinental radio station, established in 1965, once rebroadcast to the Middle East, Turkey, the Caucasus, and Central Asia using high-power 1000 kW transmitters with directional and omnidirectional antennas. The control rooms were a true paradise—a dream destination for every urban explorer. During Soviet times, this station jammed Western broadcasts such as “The Voice of America” while propagating communist ideology across the Middle East and Afghanistan. Even today, the radio center continues to transmit unknown content to other countries, with its massive tube equipment still running hot, a testament to its enduring presence and mysterious purpose. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

Are you someone who has seen photos or videos of abandoned buildings on the internet and wishes to witness them firsthand? Then welcome to the urbex community! This article can serve as a useful guide to those who want to start urbexing! Here we jump over the wall. < Back How to Urbex – A Beginner’s Guide Are you someone who has seen photos or videos of abandoned buildings on the internet and wishes to witness them firsthand? Then welcome to the urbex community! This article can serve as a useful guide to those who want to start urbexing! Here we jump over the wall. Urban exploration, commonly known as "urbex," is a thrilling yet controversial pastime centered around exploring abandoned or restricted buildings and areas. It's an activity that delves into the mystery of the unknown, uncovering hidden stories and overlooked spaces. For beginners eager to start an urbex journey, here are some basic tips to get you started. I am exploring an abandoned culture house with wonderful frescoes Research and Plan Your Exploration Before embarking on your urbex journey, conduct thorough research on potential locations. Look through online forums, social media groups, and urbex websites where enthusiasts share information about accessible sites. Pay attention to the legal status of locations and any potential hazards. Create a plan detailing how to reach the site, which entry points to use, the site's history, and the best times to visit. Next step: Google Earth! Google Earth is an excellent tool for locating and exploring buildings. It requires time and careful research. For instance, if we know that Village X once housed top sanatoriums, we open Google Earth and begin searching through buildings. Compared to regular houses, large sanatoriums are easily spotted. Pay attention to nearby parked cars. No cars? It's likely abandoned! A rusty and damaged roof can also indicate the building's condition. Via Google Earth, you can determine if any windows are intact. Recently, I stumbled upon this building (see image below) situated high on a hill. Exploring an abandoned building via Google Earth No nearby cars, no windows! Though it appeared spacious, upon exploration, I found it looted, devoid of artworks, with only bare walls. Sometimes, things don't go as planned. At least the hilltop view was picturesque! Via Google Earth, you can also identify entry points and plan your route. Simply copy the coordinates (I prefer researching on desktop), paste them into your preferred mapping application (like Yandex Maps or Mapsme), and you're ready to go! 2. Choose the right location For beginners, it is advisable to start exploring easy and accessible locations. Common starting points include abandoned culture houses, hotels, or hospitals. Avoid high-security or dangerous areas initially. As you gain experience, you can gradually explore more challenging sites like abandoned factories or abandoned military bases. However, be cautious as these locations may still be guarded or off-limits. Prioritize safety and legality in your choices. When approaching a building, conduct thorough research if you're unsure about how to enter. Drones can be helpful, providing a better view of the surroundings and ongoing activities. Only enter a building after careful consideration and assessing potential risks. My Panasonic Lumix G7. It's not good for low light conditions but that's all I have for now 3. Safety First Safety should be your top priority during urbex adventures. Be aware of potential hazards, especially unstable structures and treacherous stairs. Avoid stepping on stairs with a group. Always inform someone about your whereabouts and explore with a buddy when possible. Carry a charged phone for emergencies or better have a power bank with you! 4. Be Mindful of Legalities Respect the law and private property. Urbex exists in a legal gray area, and trespassing can lead to fines or legal consequences. Seek permission whenever possible or explore sites where access is allowed. Remember that preserving the location's integrity is crucial for the urbex community's reputation. The stun gun helps to scare off the dogs 5. Right Gear Urbex requires some essential gear to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. These may include: Flashlights: Flashlights are crucial as buildings often lack natural light. Consider using a headlamp or camera light for better shots. Camera: Capture the beauty of abandoned places. Be respectful and avoid vandalism. Comfortable Clothing: Wear comfortable clothing, including sturdy shoes and gloves. Avoid wearing colorful clothing to avoid drawing attention. First Aid Kit: Accidents can happen, so it's wise to be prepared with a basic first aid kit. Food: You never know how long your exploration will take. Take enough food and water with you. Tools: Consider carrying a multitool and an electric shocker to scare off dogs. My GoPro Hero 9 with a head strap 6. Follow the Urbex Code of Ethics Respect for the places you explore is paramount. Follow the urbex code of ethics, which generally includes: "Take only photos, leave only footprints." Leave everything as you found it. Do not take or disturb items. Avoid any form of graffiti or destruction. Preserve the site's authenticity. 7. Develop Navigation Skills Many urbex locations are vast and maze-like, and it's easy to get disoriented. Improve your navigation skills by marking key points, taking note of landmarks, and having a reliable map or GPS device. This will help you navigate through complex structures and ensure a safe return. 8. Stay Stealthy While urbex is legal in some places, it's not universally accepted. Stay unnoticed to avoid unwanted attention. Avoid colorful clothing, park your vehicle away from the site, and enter and exit quietly. Whenever I see a local looking at me from afar, I always greet and initiate a friendly chat! This makes me approachable and avoids raising suspicions that I might be a thief or something else. I always keep my camera hanging from my neck to give the impression that I am a photographer and do not have bad intentions. Greetings from an abandoned sanatorium built by German war prisoners 9. Document Your Experience Responsibly Documenting your urbex adventures is part of the thrill. However, do so responsibly and without compromising the site's integrity. Share your experiences through photography or blogging, but avoid revealing specific locations to prevent unwanted visitors or vandals. 10. Learn from Experienced Urbexers Connect with experienced urbexers to gain insights and tips. Join online forums, attend meet-ups, and learn from the community's collective knowledge. Experienced explorers can provide valuable advice on safety, locations, and ethical urbex practices. Embarking on your urbex journey as a beginner is an exciting yet daunting step into the unknown. Remember, any initial anxiety will likely fade once you jump over the wall! With careful planning, safety measures, and respect for the locations you visit, you can revel in the excitement of urban exploration while also preserving the integrity of these abandoned treasures. Safe and memorable explorations await! Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

This article provides a glimpse into an extraordinary urban explorer tour I led in Armenia with Damien, a talented French photographer. We spent an unforgettable week together, discovering the remnants of Armenia’s Soviet-era past, and his creative perspective left a lasting impression on me. < Back Urban Explorer Tour with a French Photographer This article provides a glimpse into an extraordinary urban explorer tour I led in Armenia with Damien, a talented French photographer. We spent an unforgettable week together, discovering the remnants of Armenia’s Soviet-era past, and his creative perspective left a lasting impression on me. In the summer of 2024, Damien and I embarked on a journey across Armenia, visiting urban and rural locations that embodied echoes of a bygone Soviet era. Following our adventure, Damien published a captivating photo series titled "Echoes of the Future" on his website, damienaubin.fr . His work explores the connection between Soviet past and contemporary Armenian life. As Damien describes it: " Echoes of a Future is a photo series that allows me to explore the deep connection between the Soviet Union and Armenia today. I aim to capture the lingering echoes of Soviet ideals within contemporary Armenian life, while acknowledging that this reality is also a kind of fiction shaped by Soviet dreams ." When Damien learned about my intention to write an article about our tour, he strongly requested that I avoid publishing any photos of him, especially those of him in the act of photographing. So, in this article, you will see only the photos taken by him. Throughout the tour, Damien’s unique approach to photography stood out. He was far from ordinary, with a distinctive and unconventional approach to photography. I could never predict when he would pull out his impressive, oversized camera to capture a shot. Often, while driving, he would ask me to stop abruptly, leaving me curious about what had caught his attention. Mother Armenia in Victory Park, sculpted by Ara Harutyunyan Over time, however, his unique perspective became something I came to appreciate and expect. To better understand his creative vision, allow me to reference another passage from his article, which offers insight into his stream of consciousness: " Each photograph I take is an attempt to reveal how these echoes of a Soviet-imagined future appear today. I strive to show how the structures and ideas of the past, partially realized, have given life to a fiction where the dreams of a bright future are both present and altered. Capturing these images, I sense a kind of dialogue between past and present—a silent conversation between past projects and current realities, colored by the unfinished ideals of Soviet dreams ." King Trdat Defeats the Bull, created in 1977 by sculptor Karlen Nurijanyan. Saralanj district of Abovyan city No surprise, then, that his photo series beautifully captures the essence of Armenia’s Soviet legacy. As Damien wrote: " As I walk through Armenia’s streets, I’m struck by how visions and plans from the Soviet past continue to resonate in the present. The imposing buildings, monuments marked by that era’s seal, and even elements of daily culture still carry traces of Soviet dreams and aspirations. Yet, this reality, though tangible, is infused with the imagined future the Soviets once held for Armenia ." Beyond photography, Damien's preferences and personality made this trip even more memorable. For one, he had a profound love for espresso, which became a challenge to find in Armenia's more remote regions—sometimes even harder than sneaking into abandoned buildings! MiG-21 Fishbed on display outside Mikoyan Brothers' Museum in Sanahin village Damien was not just a passenger but a true co-pilot on this adventure. Unlike some travelers who are indifferent to the journey's details, Damien actively engaged, offering helpful advice while navigating rough roads, tight parking spots, tricky overtakes, website SEO tips and photography secrets. His input was always welcome and genuinely useful. He also coined a term for my driving style: "Suren style," which referred to my sharp turns without slowing down! Damien’s humor and camaraderie added a unique dynamic to the journey, making it one I will always cherish. Thank you, Damien, for an incredible and inspiring week filled with discovery, creativity, and unforgettable moments! Below are photos of Damien captured during his travels in Armenia. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next