When I visited the institute, I saw a room filled with crystal growth furnaces. To me, they looked more like forgotten artworks than old scientific machines. Rows of cylindrical chambers with heavy bolts and pipes stood in place, humming softly as water trickled through their cooling systems. This article aims to shed light on these marvelous machines which, thanks to their high quality, are still operating and producing crystals < Back Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab When I visited the institute, I saw a room filled with crystal growth furnaces. To me, they looked more like forgotten artworks than old scientific machines. Rows of cylindrical chambers with heavy bolts and pipes stood in place, humming softly as water trickled through their cooling systems. This article aims to shed light on these marvelous machines which, thanks to their high quality, are still operating and producing crystals An elderly scientist welcomed us and began to explain how the machines work. The terminology was too dense for me to follow in real time, but thankfully my friend recorded the lecture. Later, with some research, I managed to reconstruct what was happening here. These were Czochralski crystal growth machines, also called crystal pullers. Seeing them for the first time was something new for me. I am usually drawn to Soviet monumental art, but in that moment, these machines impressed me just as much. They looked like sculptures from an industrial age when science and technology had their own aesthetic power. The Czochralski Method The Czochralski method is the most widely used process for growing large single crystals. It was first developed in 1916 by Polish scientist Jan Czochralski, but it reached its peak during the Cold War, when both the Soviet Union and the West needed perfect crystals for semiconductors and lasers. Here’s how it works: Melting the material – A crucible, usually made of quartz, is filled with extremely pure raw material, like silicon or aluminum oxide, and heated until it melts. The heaters are often made of molybdenum or graphite, materials that can withstand enormous temperatures. Creating an inert atmosphere – The chamber is filled with an inert gas, most often argon, so that the molten material does not oxidize or react with air. Pulling the crystal – A small “seed crystal” is dipped into the molten material. The seed is then slowly pulled upward and rotated. As it rises, atoms from the melt attach themselves to the seed’s atomic lattice, gradually building a single crystal, called a boule. Shaping and control – By carefully controlling the pulling speed and rotation, the scientist can determine the crystal’s diameter and quality. The result is a large, perfect crystal that can later be sliced and polished for use in electronics, optics, or lasers. Other Techniques Not every furnace in the room was a vertical puller. Some appeared to be horizontal multi-zone tube furnaces, which are used in the Bridgman–Stockbarger method or in zone refining. In this approach, the material in a crucible is slowly moved through different heating zones inside a horizontal tube. The gradual temperature change allows crystals to form. This technique was widely used in Soviet laboratories during the 1960s–1970s to produce high-purity semiconductors like silicon and germanium. The control panels, with their teal-blue dials, gauges, and switches, gave the room an almost retro-futuristic look. Voltmeters and ammeters measured the power going to the heaters. Timers tracked the process. Rows of round indicator lights showed the status of different heating zones. The whole setup looked both old-fashioned and incredibly advanced for its time. The scientist even showed us pipe-shaped ruby crystals. Holding them felt like touching a piece of history. Ruby crystals were central to the invention of the laser. In 1964, Soviet physicists Aleksandr Prokhorov and Nikolay Basov shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with American Charles Townes for their theoretical work on masers and lasers — the principle of producing coherent light by stimulated emission. While the first working ruby laser was actually built in the United States by Theodore Maiman in 1960, it was Prokhorov and Basov who laid the theoretical foundation and developed many of the techniques that made such breakthroughs possible. The furnaces in this institute are not only for semiconductors like silicon wafers. They also produce a range of crystals used in optics and laser technology: Garnets (YAG, Y₃Al₅O₁₂): Widely used in solid-state lasers. Fluorides (CaF₂, LiF, BaF₂): Essential for UV lenses, infrared windows, and as laser host materials. Ruby (Al₂O₃ doped with chromium): The first solid-state laser crystal, still used for research and education. Sapphire (pure Al₂O₃): Valued for its hardness, optical clarity, and use as a substrate in electronics. Walking out of the lab, I felt as if I had stepped back in time. The machines, the smell of heated metal, the sound of water cooling pipes — everything reminded me of the Soviet tradition of merging science, industry, and vision. For me, someone more used to admiring monumental Soviet mosaics and sculptures, these crystal growth machines carried the same sense of power and beauty. They are not relics. They are still at work, producing crystals for optics and lasers, keeping alive a legacy of scientific craftsmanship that began decades ago and still shines today. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Explore Armenia's World War II memorials, honoring the bravery of its people. These monuments serve as poignant reminders of sacrifice and valor, standing as a testament to their bravery and unwavering dedication to their country. < Back World War II Memorials In Armenia Explore Armenia's World War II memorials, honoring the bravery of its people. These monuments serve as poignant reminders of sacrifice and valor, standing as a testament to their bravery and unwavering dedication to their country. In 1920, Armenia's population stood at 700 thousand. By the onset of World War II, it had swelled to 1.5 million, yet remained the smallest in the Soviet Union (1.1% of the USSR's population). Despite this, around 500,000 Armenians were conscripted into the Soviet army from 1941 to 1945, with every other soldier failing to return from the front lines. World War II Memorial In Mastara village, Aragatsotn region Among them, 103 Armenians were honored with the title of hero, 27 were bestowed with the prestigious Order of Glory, and approximately 80,000 received various medals and honors. Notably, 30,000 Armenians fought in the Battle of Stalingrad. The ranks of Armenian generals swelled to 64 within the USSR, including marshals, generals, and admirals, many of whom assumed crucial roles during the war: 1 as front commanders, 3 as army commanders, 5 as corps commanders, 22 as division commanders, 25 as brigade commanders, and 100 as regiment commanders. World War II Memorial In Arshaluys village, Armavir region In remembrance of their sacrifice, monuments and memorials were erected in nearly every city and village across Armenia after World War II. These structures still stand today, serving as poignant reminders of the harrowing events of that era. Crafted with artistic finesse, these monuments captivate the attention of visitors, especially those from beyond the former Soviet sphere. To be continued... I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Previous Next

Join me on a guided hiking tour to the Southern Summit of Mount Aragats. Mount Aragats has four summits, each named according to its geographical location, and the Southern Summit provides the easiest route to the top. Departing from Yerevan, our trip covers 60 km one way, and in just about 1 hour and 10 minutes, we will reach an elevation of 3,200 meters. Here, the hike begins at the scenic Lake Kari (known in Armenian as Քարի լիճ / Stone Lake), one of the main starting points for Aragats trails. On the way to the Southern Summit, we will stop at the intriguing Aragats Gravity Hill, where you can experience an optical illusion that seems to defy the laws of physics. < Back Climbing Aragats: A Hiking Tour to the Southern Summit Join me on a guided hiking tour to the Southern Summit of Mount Aragats. Mount Aragats has four summits, each named according to its geographical location, and the Southern Summit provides the easiest route to the top. Departing from Yerevan, our trip covers 60 km one way, and in just about 1 hour and 10 minutes, we will reach an elevation of 3,200 meters. Here, the hike begins at the scenic Lake Kari (known in Armenian as Քարի լիճ / Stone Lake), one of the main starting points for Aragats trails. On the way to the Southern Summit, we will stop at the intriguing Aragats Gravity Hill, where you can experience an optical illusion that seems to defy the laws of physics. Mount Aragats, Armenia’s highest peak, is a breathtaking four-peaked volcano and one of the top hiking destinations in Armenia. Its snow-capped summits, vast alpine meadows, and striking volcanic landscapes make it an unforgettable trekking experience for outdoor enthusiasts. I captured this stunning shot of Mount Aragats while hiking along the Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail, showcasing a unique and breathtaking perspective of one of Armenia’s most iconic and majestic peaks. Mount Aragats has four summits, which are named according to their relative geographic position: Northern —4,090 m (13,420 ft) Highest summit in Armenia Western —3,995 m (13,107 ft) Eastern —3,908 m (12,822 ft) Southern —3,888 m (12,756 ft) All 4 summits of mount Aragats All four summits of Mount Aragats are accessible and do not require technical skills. However, maintaining good physical condition, carrying enough water and food, and having professional gear is highly recommended. The Southern summit, at 3,888 meters (12,756 feet), is especially popular due to its relatively easy access. An old asphalt road leads up to 3,200 meters, where you'll find Stone Lake, the Meteorological Station, the Cosmic Ray Research Station, and a restaurant serving traditional Armenian dish called khash. This is the highest point in Armenia accessible by sedan, and from here, our hike truly begins! Covering a distance of 5.5 km and an elevation gain of 688 meters, we will reach the summit in approximately 2.5 to 3 hours. We start our hike from the shore of Lake Kari (Stone Lake), situated at an impressive altitude of 3,200 meters. The journey to the trailhead stretches approximately 60 kilometers from Yerevan's Republic Square. By setting off early in the morning, before rush hour, we can bypass traffic congestion and arrive at the starting point in just about an hour and ten minutes. However, the adventure truly begins en route, as we’ll make a captivating stop at the " Aragats Gravity Hill , " a fascinating natural phenomenon where you can experience gravity-defying experiments that will leave you in awe. Through thick snow we are making our way to the summit of Southern Aragats while biblical mount Ararat creates a dramatic backdrop Climbing Aragats is far more than just a hike—it’s an immersive outdoor adventure filled with discovery and wonder. Join me as we explore the breathtaking beauty and intriguing mysteries of Southern Aragats, creating memories that will last a lifetime. ----------------------- Tour Details: Start: 7:30-8.00 AM from Yerevan Finish: Around 5 PM in Yerevan Hiking Distance: 5.5km (One way) Duration: 2.5-3 hours (Ascent)! Descent takes around 2 hours Altitude Gain: 688 meters Start point: Stone Lake Stone Lake (3200m) End point: Stone Lake (3200m) Difficulty: Moderate Trail Type: Out-and-Back Transportation: Sedan --------------- Tour Price to the Summit of Mount Aragats (Southern)! Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group): 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! -------------- The price includes: Pick up & drop off (In Yerevan) Transportation in air conditioned vehicle Service of a guide --------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) -------------- List of things you should consider taking: 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: Sufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots: Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! Project Gallery You May Also Like Suren, the hiking guide in Armenia 1-Day Hiking Tour to Lastiver from Yerevan Best One-Day Hiking Tours from Yerevan A Hiking Adventure to Mount Tesilk and its Mysterious Cave 2-Day Hiking and Sightseeing Tour in Armenia's Lori Region Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail 1-Day Hike to Mount Ara Hiking tour to mount Yeranos

Discover the breathtaking beauty of Armenia’s Lori Region on this 2-day hiking and sightseeing adventure. Designed for beginners and those seeking to combine exploration with light physical activity, this tour features easy trails and visits to some of Armenia’s most renowned cultural and historical landmarks. < Back 2-Day Hiking and Sightseeing Tour in Armenia's Lori Region Discover the breathtaking beauty of Armenia’s Lori Region on this 2-day hiking and sightseeing adventure. Designed for beginners and those seeking to combine exploration with light physical activity, this tour features easy trails and visits to some of Armenia’s most renowned cultural and historical landmarks. Day 1: Journey to Kayan Fortress, Haghpat, and Sanahin Monasteries Starting Point: Yerevan (170 km to Lori Region) Highlights: Kayan Fortress, Haghpat and Sanahin Monasteries (UNESCO World Heritage Sites) We begin our journey from Yerevan with a scenic drive to Lori Region. After covering a distance of 170 km, we’ll pause for a coffee break before starting our hike to the historic Kayan Fortress. Kayan fortress from the top of adjacent cliff Kayan Fortress Trail Kayan Fortress is a historic site strategically located between the Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries. This imposing structure is perched on a ridge between two canyons overlooking the Debed River. Spanning approximately 120 meters in length, the fortress features 15 semi-circular defensive towers. Camping in the territory of Kayan Fortress The trail to Kayan Fortress is about 1.5 km one way and takes less than an hour to complete. Within its boundaries lies the Dsevank Monastery, referred to by the historian Arakel Davrizhetsi as “Tes yev ants” (“See and pass by”). Aerial photo of Haghpat Monastery After the hike, we’ll visit the architectural marvels of Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites, dating back to the 10th century. Accommodation: Overnight stay in a cozy hotel in the Lori Region. Personal recommendations are available, but alternative options are always welcome. Day 2 we will start with a visit to Odzun church Day 2: Odzun Church and Horomayr Monastery Hike Starting Point: Hotel in Lori Region Highlights: Odzun Church, Horomayr Monastery We start the day with a visit to the beautiful Odzun Church, a gem of early medieval Armenian architecture. Following this, we embark on a hike through the captivating Lori Gorge, offering some of the most stunning views in Armenia. Enjoying the breathtaking views of the Lori Gorge! Lower Horomayr Monastery is nestled at the base of the cliffs Horomayr Monastery Trail Horomayr Monastery is a remarkable medieval complex located 1.5 km southeast of Odzun village. Built during the 12th and 13th centuries, the monastery consists of two distinct groups of monuments: Lower Horomayr Complex: Nestled on the left bank of the Debed River, under a dramatic hanging rock. Upper Horomayr Complex (Dzoraezri Monastery): Perched on the edge of the valley. In the right corner of the image, you can see the Lower Horomayr Complex The trail to the lower complex spans 2km and takes approximately 1 hour one way. The hike is an out-and-back route, offering awe-inspiring views of the gorge and surrounding landscapes. After completing the hike, we will begin our return journey to Yerevan, stopping at a cozy food court for a lunch break. We expect to arrive in Yerevan around 6:00 PM. Alternatively, we can take the Yerevan-Sevan highway and include a visit to the Sevanavank Monastery on the way back. Tour Details Included in the Price: Pick-up and drop-off in Yerevan Transportation in an air-conditioned vehicle Professional guide service Not Included: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be arranged for an additional fee) Hotel stay; the tourists are also covering the cost of my one-night hotel stay Tour Price: Group of 1–4 people — 190,000 AMD. Hotel accommodation is not included in the price. For larger groups, please contact us for customized pricing. Project Gallery You May Also Like Suren, the hiking guide in Armenia 1-Day Hiking Tour to Lastiver from Yerevan Best One-Day Hiking Tours from Yerevan A Hiking Adventure to Mount Tesilk and its Mysterious Cave 2-Day Hiking and Sightseeing Tour in Armenia's Lori Region Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail 1-Day Hike to Mount Ara Hiking tour to mount Yeranos

Soviet-era mosaics in Armenia are remarkable relics that offer a vivid glimpse into the country’s artistic and cultural heritage. Created mostly in the second half of the mid-20th century, these intricate works of art reflect the social, political, and ideological narratives of the time. Today, they stand as vibrant testimonies to a complex past, blending traditional Armenian motifs with Soviet symbolism. < Back Soviet-era mosaics in Armenia Soviet-era mosaics in Armenia are remarkable relics that offer a vivid glimpse into the country’s artistic and cultural heritage. Created mostly in the second half of the mid-20th century, these intricate works of art reflect the social, political, and ideological narratives of the time. Today, they stand as vibrant testimonies to a complex past, blending traditional Armenian motifs with Soviet symbolism. Soviet-era mosaics in Armenia are distinguished by their unique blend of local and Soviet styles. Artists employed traditional Armenian patterns and themes, often featuring folkloric elements and historical references. These were interwoven with Soviet iconography, including elements of Armenian architecture, symbolic motifs, and depictions of workers, scientists, and cosmonauts, representing the progress and industrial power of the USSR. Here are several mosaics whose coordinates I have intentionally withheld, to awaken the explorer within you and encourage your own discoveries. The Birth of Astghik by Garnik Smbatyan, Araqel Araqelyan, Mikael Gyurjyan, Rouben Hovnatanyan, and Yuri Babayan. Year 1982 When creating this mosaic, Smbatyan was inspired by The Birth of Venus, a famous painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli, executed in the mid-1480s. Botticelli depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her miraculous birth, having emerged fully grown from the sea—a classical motif known as Venus Anadyomene. In pagan Armenia, Astghik was originally the goddess of the creation of heaven and earth. Over time, her image evolved, and she became primarily associated with love, beauty, and fertility. In the mosaic, the moment of Astghik’s birth is shown: she stands nude as nymphs approach, carrying a long garment to cover her. Karen Aghamyan's "Progress", 1983 Karen Aghamyan's "Progress" mosaic, created in 1983, is another uniquely futuristic piece that I adore. It features an astronaut in a spacesuit floating in space. The second figure resembles Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man, blending human anatomy with geometric perfection. The third part portrays a naked male figure with arms and wings outstretched, seemingly levitating in the air. A mosaic on the facade of former "Vaspurakan" restaurant The mosaics were often large-scale, covering the walls of public buildings, factories, and cultural institutions. Their grand size and prominent placement were intended to inspire and educate the public, serving as daily reminders of the Soviet ideals and the collective Armenian identity. Mosaics or frescoes with cosmic themes are my favorite, though! In this case, it is really difficult to take a proper photo since, when you stand in front of the building, the trees block the view. The creation of these mosaics involved meticulous craftsmanship. Artists used a variety of materials, including colored glass, ceramic tiles, and natural stones. The vibrant colors and durability of these materials ensured that the mosaics would withstand the test of time and attract attention, preserving their splendor for decades. This mosaic, titled "Flight," was created by Zohrab Mirzoyan in collaboration with Eduard Karsyan and Karapet Shekhian between 1984 and 1986 Along the Yerevan–Sevan highway stands a magnificent mosaic, but passengers speeding past rarely pay it any attention. The mosaic depicts the statue of David of Sassoun by Ervand Kochar and the Government Building designed by Alexander Tamanyan. Once, a metal key stood to the right of the mosaic, but it didn’t withstand the test of time. Today, the mosaic is in a depressing state and is gradually fading away. In modern days, with the rapidly growing urbex community and the influence of social networks, these mosaics are experiencing a resurgence, attracting photographers from around the world. Their vibrant colors and historical significance make them perfect subjects for capturing the interplay of art and history. Exploring these mosaics not only provides a visual feast but also connects us to the rich cultural and political tapestry of the past. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

In this article, I briefly cover the history of Futuro houses, their appearance in the Soviet Union, and a unique replica that has survived to this day—resembling an alien spaceship and inviting travelers to stop, step inside, and take a short break after a long drive. < Back A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House In this article, I briefly cover the history of Futuro houses, their appearance in the Soviet Union, and a unique replica that has survived to this day—resembling an alien spaceship and inviting travelers to stop, step inside, and take a short break after a long drive. It all began in 1965, when Finnish architect Matti Suuronen received a commission from a former classmate. The brief was purely practical: design a ski lodge that could be quickly heated, easily assembled, and built in harsh, remote terrain. Suuronen’s solution was radically unconventional. Instead of tents or wooden cabins, he proposed a compact, modular dwelling shaped like a flying saucer. The structure featured a metal frame wrapped in a durable plastic shell. Already experienced with fiberglass-reinforced polyester, Suuronen chose this material for its light weight, strength, and insulation properties. The house consisted of 16 prefabricated panels and 16 windows and could be assembled in just a few days. It rested on four supports, while its sloped roof allowed snow to slide off naturally. The Futuro measured 8 meters in diameter and 4 meters in height, offered about 25 m² of interior space, and weighed under three tons. According to Suuronen, it could comfortably accommodate up to eight people. It soon became clear that this design had potential far beyond ski resorts—marking the beginning of the “earthly” life of this architectural UFO. Fewer than 100 Futuro houses were manufactured in total, and it is estimated that approximately 60 to 70 of them survive today in various locations worldwide. The first production model appeared in 1968 and was purchased by Finnish actor Matti Kuusla, who installed it on a lakeshore outside the city. Despite its bold vision, the project proved a commercial failure. Rising plastic prices after the 1973 oil crisis, public resistance to its futuristic appearance, and strict building regulations all worked against mass adoption. The USSR later considered acquiring Futuro units for information kiosks and small pavilions ahead of the 1980 Moscow Olympics. These plans collapsed following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the resulting economic blockade by Europe. Ultimately, only three Futuro structures entered the USSR: The Tarelka Hotel in Dombay A little-known Futuro in Krasnodar The Tarelka Café in Gurzuf In Armenia As this list shows, no original Futuro officially arrived in Armenia. Still, local enthusiasts created their own interpretation of the “flying saucer.” At least one such structure survives today. Unlike the original Futuro, the Armenian version is made of tin rather than plastic. Information about it is scarce, and I am still gathering details from local residents. I did find an old Soviet magazine photograph showing several similar structures on the grounds of a kindergarten in Spitak. Whether the surviving example is one of those remains uncertain. Since the late 1990s, I remember this structure standing on the grounds of a roadside café. It served as a small stopover for drivers and travelers resting after Armenia’s long, winding mountain roads. The site remains open today—tables and chairs are still set inside. The ceiling of the building is decorated with scenes depicting spaceships and astronauts One detail stands out in particular: the door. It is cleverly engineered and opens with surprising smoothness. Inside, the ceiling is decorated with space-themed photographs—a subtle yet fitting nod to the building’s extraterrestrial appearance. During my urban explorer tours, we always stop here. For those unfamiliar with the history of Futuro houses, it is simply a building that resembles an alien spacecraft. Only those who know architectural history—especially the story of Futuro houses—recognize connection. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Late on a rainy day, I set out to explore one of the most iconic structures in Armenia’s second-largest city, Gyumri. Pushing through tall grass and slippery terrain, I made my way up to the fortress—only to find the entrance locked. Luckily, a narrow window offered a way in. Inside, I stepped into maze-like, eerie corridors where history, decay, and silence create one of the most atmospheric urbex experiences in Armenia. I was inside the Horseshoe-Shaped fortress. < Back Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Late on a rainy day, I set out to explore one of the most iconic structures in Armenia’s second-largest city, Gyumri. Pushing through tall grass and slippery terrain, I made my way up to the fortress—only to find the entrance locked. Luckily, a narrow window offered a way in. Inside, I stepped into maze-like, eerie corridors where history, decay, and silence create one of the most atmospheric urbex experiences in Armenia. I was inside the Horseshoe-Shaped fortress. In the 19th century, Gyumri rapidly grew in importance, becoming a key political, military, and economic center of the Russian Empire. On June 2, 1834, Nicholas I of Russia issued a decree to design a new military fortress here. Construction lasted nearly a decade. Interestingly, it was the fortress—not the town—that was first renamed Alexandropol in 1836. Only a year later, in 1837, Gyumri received city status and was also renamed Alexandropol. On October 3, 1837, the emperor arrived in Gyumri via Akhaltsikhe. It was then that he ordered the construction of an Orthodox church within the fortress, later named Saint Alexandra. The Alexandropol Fortress is a nearly rectangular structure, oriented from north to east. Shaped by the surrounding terrain, it is fortified by defensive walls on only one side. The complex was vast and largely self-sufficient, with barracks designed for up to 15,000 soldiers, arsenals, supply depots, a three-story hospital, and numerous service buildings. The fortress contained 36 powder storage rooms, around 200 cannons, and significant reserves of wheat and barley. Today, the Russian 102nd military base is located on the territory of the Alexandropol Fortress. Built by local craftsmen, the fortress stands out among similar structures in the region. Its defensive network included key fortifications such as Sev Berd (Black Fortress), Karmir Berd (Red Fortress) and Paytadzev Amrots (Horseshoe-Shaped Fortress). While the first 2 are circular in design, the so-called Horseshoe-Shaped Fortress differs with its distinctive curved, semi-circular layout—giving it its name. Karmir Berd remains in use, and Sev Berd has been restored and opened to visitors. In contrast, the Horseshoe-Shaped Fortress is still abandoned—its entrances locked, access limited, and entry requiring some physical effort. All three fortresses were once connected by underground passages. Part of the tunnel is still visible today inside the Horseshoe Fortress, though the entrance is blocked with barbed wire. Arched corridors and a maze-like layout create a haunting atmosphere, giving the fortress its unmistakable eerie character. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Dimats mountain has surely become one of the most popular hiking and off-roading destinations in Armenia in recent years! Take this guided hiking tour and make your trip to Armenia a memorable one! This article can be a good tourist guide for those who want to hike and explore Dimats trail. < Back Hiking tour to mount Dimats Dimats mountain has surely become one of the most popular hiking and off-roading destinations in Armenia in recent years! Take this guided hiking tour and make your trip to Armenia a memorable one! This article can be a good tourist guide for those who want to hike and explore Dimats trail. Thanks to its charming cliffs, Shaghot waterfall and photogenic views mount Dimats (2360 m) has become a popular hiking destination among tourists in Armenia! This is a peak in the Tavush Region of Armenia, in the southwestern part of Ijevan Mountains, 5 km northwest of Haghartsin village! On our way we will see lots of horses ... Then we will see the pearl of this place: Shaghot waterfall Shaghot waterfall is another popular tourist attraction! Imagine standing under the waterfall and watching water pouring down from the height of 46 meters... Details Of The Hiking Tour To Mount Dimats: Start: 7:30 from Yerevan Finish: Around 7.00 PM in Yerevan Hiking Distance: 8.5 km (One way) Duration: 4-4.5 hours (Ascent)! Altitude Gain: 1260 meters Start point: Teghut village (1100m) End point: Teghut village Difficulty: Difficult Trail Type: Out-and-Back Transportation: Sedan --------------- Tour Price to Dimats mountain: Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group): 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! ---------------- The Price Includes: Transportation (Pick Up & Drop-off) Service of a guide. -------------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) ----------------- List of things you should consider taking: 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: Sufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots: Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! Me standing at the top of mount Dimats and taking drone shots! https://video.wixstatic.com/video/103e0a_9756f126b0b04ad795c4ccb0c4386b58/1080p/mp4/file.mp4 For more details or to book a tour, feel free to contact me directly via WhatsApp or Telegram for a quick response! Project Gallery You May Also Like A Unique Tour to Armenia’s Hidden Cold War Radio Center From Yerevan to Mount Aragats Tour to Armenia’s Particle Accelerator Climb Mount Artanish & Explore Sevanavank Monastery Urbex Tour to the Trophy 1m Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Hiking from Lake Parz to Gosh Village Urbex Tour to ROT54 – Explore Armenia’s Most Fascinating Abandoned Place Hike Armenia by choosing the popular Smbataberd trail Previous Next

This abandoned cable car station is a captivating destination for urban exploration enthusiasts. The stunning views from the station and the intricate machinery inside draw urbexers from around the world. Join my guided tours in Armenia to explore this historic site, now lying in ruins. < Back Exploring an Abandoned Cable Car Station This abandoned cable car station is a captivating destination for urban exploration enthusiasts. The stunning views from the station and the intricate machinery inside draw urbexers from around the world. Join my guided tours in Armenia to explore this historic site, now lying in ruins. This cable car station began operations on June 16, 1977, with its first route. In its prime, it was a vital transportation hub in a city of over 23,000 people, serving up to 900 passengers daily. However, as the population declined, so did the number of cable car users, eventually dropping to just 450. The view from the upper cable car station Operating from 7:30 am until 12:30 am, the cable car was a reliable mode of transport for decades. However, it faced significant challenges over the years. On May 24, 2014, a severe lightning strike damaged the motor and DC generator, halting operations. After 11 months of repairs, it reopened on April 22, 2015, but the travel time doubled from 4 minutes to 8 minutes. The control room of the abandoned cable car station As passenger numbers dwindled, so did the financial resources needed to keep the cable car running. Management cut staff, increased fares, and ultimately, the service was discontinued. On March 1, 2016, the cable car station ceased operations entirely. Inside the abandoned cable car station It should also be noted that this cable car is unique in Armenia as it was the only one that served not as a tourist attraction but as a practical means of transportation. Now, however, the funicular has been suspended indefinitely, leaving behind an eerie reminder of its former glory. For those interested in urbex decay, this site offers a fascinating glimpse into Armenia's industrial past. My urban exploration tours provide a rare opportunity to explore such forgotten places, where history and decay intertwine to create an unforgettable experience. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Discover the Church of Saint Arsenius in Gyumri, Armenia's largest Russian church. Built in the 1870s, this historic landmark, now an abandoned church in ruins, boasts a unique design and continues to attract visitors from around the world. < Back The largest Russian church in Armenia Discover the Church of Saint Arsenius in Gyumri, Armenia's largest Russian church. Built in the 1870s, this historic landmark, now an abandoned church in ruins, boasts a unique design and continues to attract visitors from around the world. The Church of Saint Arsenius, located in the Kazachi Post area of Gyumri, Armenia, is the largest Russian church in the country. Named after the archbishop of Serbia, St. Arsenius, this historic church was built in the 1870s and consecrated on January 6, 1910. The facade of Saint Arsenius the Archbishop of Serbia Church Architecturally, the church featured two main domes: a conical belfry characteristic of Armenian design and an onion-shaped dome. However, in the 1930s, these domes were demolished, and the building was repurposed as a shelter for orphans, a cattle stable, and eventually a cinema club. Inside Saint Arsenius church Since the 2010s, the church has been undergoing a slow but steady renovation, funded by contributions from believers and benefactors. In particular, I noticed that the roof has undergone temporary renovations. Despite its turbulent history, the Church of Saint Arsenius remains a significant spiritual and cultural landmark in Armenia. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Earlier, I dedicated several articles to destroyed bas-reliefs and statues in Armenia. These articles still attract strong interest, drive steady traffic to my website, and help bring forgotten masterpieces back into public view. Today’s article focuses on another crucial layer of Soviet monumental art: the destroyed mosaics and frescoes of Armenia. < Back Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Earlier, I dedicated several articles to destroyed bas-reliefs and statues in Armenia. These articles still attract strong interest, drive steady traffic to my website, and help bring forgotten masterpieces back into public view. Today’s article focuses on another crucial layer of Soviet monumental art: the destroyed mosaics and frescoes of Armenia. Soviet mosaics, frescoes, and bas-reliefs are among the most striking visual legacies of the USSR. They transformed grey, industrial environments into open-air galleries. Their widespread presence was not accidental but the result of a deliberate state policy that combined ideological messaging with a practical solution to monotonous blank walls. Here, we must again refer to the 1955 decree “On the Elimination of Excesses in Design and Construction” (Об устранении излишеств в проектировании и строительстве), initiated by Nikita Khrushchev. Like bus stops and bas-reliefs, mosaics and frescoes became a kind of aesthetic loophole and were not classified as “architectural excess. One of the largest and finest mosaics was created in 1977 by Karapet Yeghiazaryan, Hrayr Karapetyan, Khachatur Gyulamiryán, Vaghinak Mandakuni, Aleksandr Azatyan. The architects of the building were Grigori Grigoryan and Armen Aghalyan. It decorated the façade of the USSR Institute of Telecommunications Research (ՀՍՍՀ Կապի Գիտահետազոտական ինստիտուտ). In the first half of 2023, the building was demolished and the mosaic dismantled, reportedly with plans to reinstall it after the new building is constructed. At the time of its destruction, the Beeline office was located inside the building. Photo Credits: Damien Hewetson BIG UPDATE I’m happy to share some good news and update this article. As of February 2026, the mosaic is being reinstalled on the newly built skyscraper, on the site of the previously demolished building. I have already visited the location twice to document the restoration work and take new photos. One of the key reasons for the sheer number of mosaics was a formal state requirement: 2–5% of the construction budget for any public building—factories, schools, institutes, hospitals, and even bus stops—had to be allocated to “artistic and decorative elements.” In Soviet planning, this was officially known as “Artistic-Decorative Finishing” (Художественно-декоративное оформление). The “Anahit” resort in Stepanavan once featured an impressive mosaic on the wall of its swimming pool. Although the resort still operates today, the mosaic is long gone. The Art Fund acted as a mandatory intermediary in this process. When a factory or public building was under construction, the building authority transferred the allocated “artistic percentage” to the Art Fund, which then: assigned an artist to the project; approved the sketch, ensuring ideological compliance; supplied materials such as smalt, ceramics, and cement. In Russian art history, this system is often described by the term “Sintez Iskusstv” (Синтез искусств — Synthesis of Arts): the idea that architecture and fine art should not exist separately, but merge into a single, unified expression of Soviet life. Before the modern Cascade was built, a mosaic adorned the Old Cascade Waterfall. The artist was the Armenian sculptor and Honored Artist of the Armenian SSR (1967), Derenik Danielyan. This policy created a vast and guaranteed market for artists. The Union of Artists of the USSR (Союз художников СССР) controlled the distribution of these commissions. For many artists, state orders became their main source of income, resulting in the creation of thousands of works across the Soviet Union, from Moscow to remote Siberian villages. Unlike murals, mosaics made of smalt (special colored glass) or ceramic tiles do not fade in the sun and can withstand harsh winters. Soviet authorities viewed mosaics as “art for eternity.” Yet even art meant to last forever is gradually disappearing. About frescoes... Soviet frescoes, while sharing the same ideological DNA as mosaics, occupied a different niche. If mosaics ruled the exterior, frescoes and other mural techniques dominated interiors. They adorned the foyers of Culture Houses, Culture Palaces, Pioneer Palaces, university lecture halls, and factory meeting halls. Their tone was academic and historical, focused on Soviet ideology and on the country’s history stretching back centuries, depicting key moments in its past. In Armenia, many frescoes have survived, perhaps thanks to the fact that they were created by renowned artists such as Minas Avetisyan or Hakob Hakobyan. Others, however—especially works by lesser-known or anonymous artists—have already vanished or are slowly fading away. The First Class (“Պեռվի կլաս”) restaurant at Gyumri Railway Station once featured a remarkable fresco named "Old Gyumri" by Eduard Edigaryan. A few low-quality images offer a glimpse of its original appearance. The central section of the mural portrays men dressed in traditional national costumes. In the background, the city of Leninakan is depicted, while the left and right panels of the triptych feature Armenian women turned toward the center. The door is usually kept closed; about a year ago, I asked a staff member to open it to check if the mural might be hidden behind a mirror or panel, but it appears the artwork is lost forever. From left a guest from Philadelphia, in the center Khachatur Vardparonyan, on the right Hakob Hakobyan. Image credits: Khachatur Vardparonyan (Խաչատուր Վարդպարոնյան), Facebook page. One of the finest frescoes that has not survived was painted by Khachatur Vardaparonyan and titled Rebirth («Վերածնունդ», 1979). It was located in Leninakan (present-day Gyumri) at the Sock Factory (գուլպա-նասկեղենի ֆաբրիկա), now the Millennium Restaurant. The fresco was not preserved and was destroyed in the early 2000s during renovations. The fresco discovered in Artik’s former Youth Palace in 2018 during reconstruction works. Photo credits: SHANTNEWS Initially, the fresco was thought to be the work of Khachatur Vardparonyan, but this attribution was later rejected by his grandson. It was eventually established that the author of the rediscovered fresco was Misha Sargsyan. The work was identified by his wife, Azatuhi Tadevosyan, for whom the discovery came as a complete surprise. According to her, the fresco had been painted more than 45 years earlier and had long faded from her husband’s memory. When I visited the site in 2024, I was shocked to see that the mural was gone and the building had been turned into a store selling toilets, sinks, and other plumbing fixtures. “The painting was created in 1967–1968. At that time, we had just gotten married. I suggested that he leave his signature beneath the work, but back then artists were not allowed to sign their paintings,” Azatuhi Tadevosyan told the SHANTNEWS correspondent. The Culture Palace in Vayk also featured a notable fresco, which was destroyed a few years ago. When I visited the site in 2022, the fresco was already gone, but fortunately, a local worker had a photo of it and kindly shared it with me. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

It was already getting dark when we reached this abandoned train station, and the atmosphere left a deep impression on me. Standing there, the iconic statue of a young girl caught my eye—her graceful hand gesture, once holding a pigeon, now seemed to highlight the eerie beauty of this forgotten place. In this article, you’ll discover the history, development, and decline of this remarkable site. Highly recommended for urbex photographers and history enthusiasts visiting Armenia. < Back Near the Armenian–Iranian border stands a beautiful, abandoned train station It was already getting dark when we reached this abandoned train station, and the atmosphere left a deep impression on me. Standing there, the iconic statue of a young girl caught my eye—her graceful hand gesture, once holding a pigeon, now seemed to highlight the eerie beauty of this forgotten place. In this article, you’ll discover the history, development, and decline of this remarkable site. Highly recommended for urbex photographers and history enthusiasts visiting Armenia. The Meghri–Nakhichevan railway line, including the Meghri station, was launched in the autumn of 1943, during World War II. It was built to support industrial freight transport and to connect southern parts of Armenia with the wider Soviet rail network. At the time, the railway offered the only practical alternative to the long and difficult highway between Yerevan and Meghri. The Yerevan–Baku railway began in Yerevan, passed through Nakhichevan, Meghri, and Kapan, and continued to Baku, with approximately 40 kilometers of the line running along Armenia’s southern border near Iran. This railway served as a crucial link between Yerevan, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhichevan, and Baku. (Historically, Nakhichevan was part of Armenia until 1921, when it was transferred to Azerbaijan by the Bolsheviks. On March 16, 1921, Soviet Russia and Turkey signed the Treaty of Moscow, placing Nakhichevan under the “protectorate” of Soviet Azerbaijan. Before that, it had been part of the First Republic of Armenia.) In the 1960s, a new station building was constructed in Meghri. Later, in the 1970s, Azerbaijani authorities planned to install a bust of Mashadi Azizbekov, an Azerbaijani Bolshevik and one of the Baku Commissars. However, one night, a bust of Stepan Shahumyan, a prominent Armenian revolutionary, mysteriously appeared in its place — secretly relocated from the Agarak mining combine. The bust remained in place until 1993, when it was damaged by vandals. It lay discarded beneath its pedestal for almost 3 decades before ultimately disappearing in recent years. In the station’s final years of operation, 20 to 23 trains, each with more than 50 wagons, passed through Meghri daily in both directions. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the outbreak of the Artsakh liberation war, freight wagons loaded in Meghri and routed through Nakhichevan no longer reached Yerevan. As a result, the operation of the station was inevitably suspended, and the last train passed through Meghri on the night of April 23, 1992. By 2003, the railway section from Kapan to Meghri had been dismantled, and approximately 70 wagons and rails were scrapped. Today, what remains is a quiet, nostalgic scene: the cozy station building, a few rusting carriages, the empty pedestal where Shahumyan's bust once stood, and a statue of a young girl — her graceful pose as if pointing toward the silent echoes of a once-vibrant station. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next