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Explore the rich history of Armenian winemaking dating back 6,000 years, with the discovery of the oldest winery in the Areni caves. Journey through time to 1887 when the first Armenian cognac factory emerged, laying the foundation for a flourishing industry. Discover the pivotal role played by the Shustov family in elevating Armenian cognac to international acclaim, earning the right to be called 'Cognac' after a surprising triumph at the 1900 Paris Exhibition. Uncover the fascinating connection between Winston Churchill and Ararat cognac, a bond so strong that it influenced political decisions and shaped the destiny of an Armenian. < Back Armenian Cognac and Winston Churchill Explore the rich history of Armenian winemaking dating back 6,000 years, with the discovery of the oldest winery in the Areni caves. Journey through time to 1887 when the first Armenian cognac factory emerged, laying the foundation for a flourishing industry. Discover the pivotal role played by the Shustov family in elevating Armenian cognac to international acclaim, earning the right to be called 'Cognac' after a surprising triumph at the 1900 Paris Exhibition. Uncover the fascinating connection between Winston Churchill and Ararat cognac, a bond so strong that it influenced political decisions and shaped the destiny of an Armenian. Archaeological finds indicate that the traditions of Armenian winemaking began 6,000 years ago. The oldest winery was discovered in the Areni caves in the Vayots Dzor region. However, the first cognac factory appeared in Armenia in 1887 when the merchant of the first guild, Nerses Tairyan, brought the Charente apparatus from France to Armenia and began producing cognac. After 12 years, the company was bought by the Russian company Shustov and Sons. Shustov spared no effort nor investment. Between 1893 and 1894, three new cognac factories were built in Yerevan, and in 1914, the number of factories in Armenia reached 15. The biggest one was the cognac factory bought by the Shustovs from Tairyan. Kirill Silchenko became the chief winemaker of the factory until 1947 and the first manager. During his leadership, 'Tonakan,' 'Hobelyanakan,' and other sorts of cognacs were created. The first oak barrels for Armenian cognac were brought from France, and until today, the main types of cognac are kept in those barrels. It is obvious that the French technology of cognac production and the French education of Inspector Musinyan caused the high quality of Armenian cognacs at that time. The mighty walls of Ararat Brandy Company It was thanks to Shustov that Armenian brandy received the right to be called cognac. In 1900, a young entrepreneur sent a drink to the Paris Exhibition, and during blind testing, this particular sample was recognized as the best. The French were so surprised that the Grand Prix was awarded not to French cognac but to its Armenian counterpart, allowing Shustov to use the original name “Cognac” on the label. This is how Armenian cognac appeared. An impressive bas relief of Armenian mythological warrior god “Vahagn the Dragon-reaper” on the wall of Ararat Brandy Company! Sculptor: Artashes Hovsepyan In 1937, a group of explorers led by Ivan Papanin set out for the North Pole. Each Soviet republic contributed something to support the participants of this scientific expedition. Belarus provided warm clothing, Ukraine contributed salt, and Armenia supplied cognac. Ivan Papanin, after setting up the "North Pole-1" camp on a drifting ice floe, treats the participants to Armenian cognac The "Pravda" newspaper published an article and a photo featuring the expedition members holding a cognac barrel. The article mentioned that the campaign faced such severe cold conditions that even the 42-degree Armenian cognac couldn't provide enough warmth. This prompted the question: could a cognac with a higher alcohol content be created? Master Margar showcased his creative talent by crafting "Dvin" with a strength of 50 degrees, and in 1947, the "Yerevan" cognac was introduced with a strength of 57 degrees, making it the strongest in cognac production. Winston Churchill One of the most famous fans of Armenian cognac was Winston Churchill, the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and one of the leaders of the Allied forces during World War II. According to some accounts, Stalin sent Churchill Armenian cognac annually, and even on the 75th anniversary of Churchill, he sent 75 bottles of cognac to him. Churchill’s response was: "What a pity, I don’t celebrate my 100th Anniversary..." It’s believed that Churchill drank one bottle of “Dvin” a day, but one day he claimed to Stalin that the quality of the cognac was not the same. Stalin ordered to find out what’s the problem! Soon he was told that that the master of “Dvin” cognac had been exiled. Churchill’s love towards Armenian cognac and respect for the master of “Dvin” was so big that he influenced Stalin’s decision to set Margar Sedrakyan free. That is the story of how Churchill rescued the life of an Armenian. Churchill enjoyed drinking Ararat cognac regularly, often accompanied by his cigar and his favorite food: roast beef with Yorkshire pudding. He also used it as a gift for his friends and allies, such as Franklin D. Roosevelt and Charles de Gaulle. He reportedly said that “Ararat” was “the best thing that ever happened to me”. No wonder that when he was asked about the secret of his long life, Churchill replied: “Cuban cigars, Armenian cognac and no sport.” Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Here are several quotes that capture the essense of mountain climbing – the physical challenge, the mental resilience, the breathtaking beauty, and the deep connection to nature. Whether you're an experienced climber or simply someone who dreams of reaching the top, these words can inspire you to push your limits and embrace the journey. < Back Mountain Climbing Quotes Here are several quotes that capture the essense of mountain climbing – the physical challenge, the mental resilience, the breathtaking beauty, and the deep connection to nature. Whether you're an experienced climber or simply someone who dreams of reaching the top, these words can inspire you to push your limits and embrace the journey. 1. "Great things are done when men and mountains meet." - William Blake 2. "Mountains are not fair or unfair, they are just dangerous." – Reinhold Messner 3. “Life’s a bit like mountaineering - never look down.” - Edmund Hillary 4. "It is not the mountain we conquer, but ourselves." - Edmund Hillary 5. "The best view comes after the hardest climb." - Unknown 6. One does not conquer the mountain. One conquers oneself by going through the mountain." - Ed Douglas (from "K2") 7. "A man at the top of a mountain didn’t fall there from the sky."- Confucius 8. “The summit is always further than you think.” - Unknown 9. "The only mountains that are better are the ones you haven't been to yet." - Vladimir Vysotsky 10. "Mountains are not stadiums where I satisfy my ambition to achieve, they are the cathedrals where I practice my religion." - Anatoli Boukreev 11. “In the mountains there are only two grades: You can either do it, or you can’t.” - Rusty Baille 12. "The difference between a mountain and a hill is just the size of the climb." - Neil Armstrong 13. "The summit is beautiful, but the path is where the heart is." - Paulo Coelho 14. "When preparing to climb a mountain, pack a light heart.”– Dan May 15. "A mountain is not conquered, it is understood." - Edmund Hillary Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

This article attempts to shed light on the remarkable world of the Armenian Gampr, also known as the Armenian Wolfhound. Let’s delve into their impressive characteristics, from their strength and agility to their protective nature. Uncover details about their size, bite force, lifespan, temperament, and the factors influencing their cost. Let’s discover the unique and striking appearance of this rare and loyal breed. < Back Armenian Gampr - The Best Shepherd Dog This article attempts to shed light on the remarkable world of the Armenian Gampr, also known as the Armenian Wolfhound. Let’s delve into their impressive characteristics, from their strength and agility to their protective nature. Uncover details about their size, bite force, lifespan, temperament, and the factors influencing their cost. Let’s discover the unique and striking appearance of this rare and loyal breed. Armenian Gampr: An Overview The Armenian Gampr, also known as the Armenian Wolfhound, is a breed of flock guardian dog native to the Armenian Highlands. This breed is known for its strength, agility, and endurance. Despite their relative rarity outside their homeland, there is much to admire about these affectionate and fearless dogs. They are large, strong, and headstrong with a commanding presence. There is even a statue in Yerevan's Circular Park erected in honor of Armenian Gampr (Sculptor Levon Tokmajyan, 2018) Armenian Gampr Weight and Size Armenian Gamprs are large dogs. Males typically weigh an average of 55 kg (120 lb), while females average around 50 kg (110 lb)1. However, some sources suggest that the weight can range from 60-100 lbs (27-45 kg) 3 or even up to 135 pounds. In terms of size, males typically stand between 25 to 28 inches (64 to 72 cm) at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller, ranging from 24 to 26 inches (61 to 66 cm) in height. Like all dogs, Gamprs can exhibit unusually aggressive behavior during breeding periods. I encountered some of them on my solo hiking trip to Tirinkatar Sacred Valley, but fortunately, I kept my cold-heartedness and managed to distance myself from their aggressive attacks! Armenian Gampr Bite Force The bite force of an Armenian Gampr is considered ordinary when compared to other dog breeds, but it is still quite powerful. The bite force measurements typically fall within the range of 200 to 400 PSI. However, some sources suggest that the bite force could be as high as 650 PSI. (PSI stands for pounds per square inch. In the context of the bite force of animals, including dogs, it represents the amount of force exerted over one square inch. So, when referring to the bite force of an Armenian Gampr, it means the pressure applied by the dog's bite over a specific area.) Armenian Gampr Lifespan The average lifespan of an Armenian Gampr is typically around 10 to 14 years. However, some sources suggest that they can live between 12 and 15 years. Armenian Gampr Temperament Despite their size and strength, Armenian Gamprs are not inherently aggressive. They are known for their aloof, intelligent, gentle, and protective nature4. They can be fiercely protective of their charges and have unwavering loyalty to their owners2. They are not the kind of dog that will enjoy playing games but the Gampr will stop at nothing to defend its family. Armenian Gampr Cost The cost of an Armenian Gampr can vary depending on various factors such as the breeder, the pedigree of the puppy, and its overall health. On average, an Armenian Gampr has an initial cost of about $1000 to $1500. However, some sources suggest that the price can range between $1600 and $1900. Armenian Gampr Colors The coat of an Armenian Gampr may be of any color. Common coat colors include white, black, brown, gray, or brindle. These gamprs whom I met on the shore of Lake Nazeli (Geghama mountains) were very friendly and a little bit shy... kept a distance from me! In conclusion, the Armenian Gampr is a remarkable breed known for its strength, loyalty, and endurance. As a devoted companion and guardian, these dogs form close bonds with their families and are fiercely protective of their charges. Despite their size and strength, they are not inherently aggressive and are known for their gentle and protective nature. They are large, strong, and headstrong with a commanding presence. Their cost can vary, but they are generally quite expensive due to their rarity. Their coat can be of any color, adding to their unique and striking appearance. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Mount Aragats, the highest mountain in Armenia, isn’t just a peak to conquer – it’s a destination that combines breathtaking nature, fascinating history, and scientific intrigue. Here are five compelling reasons why you should add climbing this iconic mountain to your tours in Armenia. < Back 5 Reasons to Climb Mount Aragats Mount Aragats, the highest mountain in Armenia, isn’t just a peak to conquer – it’s a destination that combines breathtaking nature, fascinating history, and scientific intrigue. Here are five compelling reasons why you should add climbing this iconic mountain to your tours in Armenia. 1. Conquer Armenia’s Highest Summit Standing at 4,090 meters (13,420 feet), the northern summit of Mount Aragats is the highest point in Armenia, with three additional peaks—Western, Eastern, and Southern—all offering unique experiences and views. Reaching any of these summits, especially the northern one, gives climbers a real sense of accomplishment and a panoramic view across Armenia. The physical challenge and the feeling of standing on Armenia’s highest point make Aragats a magnet for outdoor adventurers. Mount Aragats has four summits, which are named according to their relative geographic position All four summits are accessible and do not require technical skills. Hikers usually start their hike from Lake Kari (3,200 meters), and the Southern summit is considered the most accessible. For the Eastern and Northern summits, hikes can also begin from Gegharot Waterfall. We’ve just left behind Lake Kari and are now ascending the southern summit of Mount Aragats! On the horizon, the majestic silhouette of Mount Ararat comes into view 2. Step Into Armenia’s Ancient History The slopes of Aragats are scattered with ancient sites, some dating back to the Bronze Age. These include petroglyphs, dragonstones, and impressive fortresses like Amberd Fortress, perched on the southern slopes. On the eastern slopes, there are several cyclopean fortresses, such as the Fortress of Ara and Nigatun. Amberd, built in the 7th century, provides visitors with a look into medieval Armenia, with its giant stone walls, towers, and the beautiful 11th-century Vahramashen Church on the premises. Exploring these ancient sites adds a historical layer to the hike that’s unmatched elsewhere. Amberd fortress and Vahramashen church In Tirinkatar Valley, you'll encounter the ancient Vishaps or dragonstones, which were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in 2024. Vishaps (the Armenian word for “Dragon”) are basalt stelae, standing 2-5 meters tall, and are among Armenia’s oldest monuments, distinguished by their unique animal carvings and archaeological significance. Me in Tirinkatar sacred valley Dragonstones are scattered across the valley, with several having been uncovered through archaeological excavations. The Armenian-German archaeological expeditions, which began in 2012 and spanned a decade, revealed significant insights into these ancient monuments. Evidence suggests that the vishapakars originally stood upright thousands of years ago, oriented northward toward the summit of Mount Aragats. Over time, likely due to religious or cultural shifts, these stones were intentionally toppled, buried under soil and rubble, and in some cases, fractured during the process. Through years of meticulous excavations, the team uncovered approximately 12 vishapakars in the valley, shedding light on their historical significance. 3. Visit Unique Scientific Landmarks Aragats is home to several significant scientific institutions, some of which were established during the Soviet era. Lake Kari at 3,200 meters (10,500 feet) is the site of the Cosmic Ray Research Station, built by the famous Soviet physicists Artem and Abraham Alikhanyan in 1943. It was the first station in the Soviet Union to have the world's largest permanent magnet magnetic spectrometer. Later, large electromagnetic spectrometers and other equipment were installed, enabling the study of various elementary particles in cosmic rays and their interaction with materials. The ZTA-2.6 telescope is the largest observational instrument of Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory For astronomy enthusiasts, the Byurakan Observatory on the southern slopes, founded by renowned Armenian astrophysicist Victor Hambartsumian, offers a glimpse into the cosmos. The main telescope at Byurakan Observatory is a 2.6 m Cassegrain reflector, complemented by a 1 m and a 0.5 m Schmidt camera, alongside other smaller telescopes. Aerial photo of ROT54 telescope In nearbye village Orgov, the ROT-54 Telescope, or Herouni Mirror Radio Telescope, stands as an impressive piece of Armenian scientific heritage. Constructed between 1975 and 1985, it became operational in 1986 but ceased operations in 1990 due to financial and technical challenges. After a restoration phase from 1995 to 2010, the telescope resumed observations, but operations halted again in 2012 due to a control arm failure. These institutions, combined with the mountain’s natural beauty, make Aragats a fascinating place for anyone interested in science and history. 4. Enjoy Armenia’s High-Altitude Lakes The lakes on Mount Aragats, particularly Lake Kari, Lake Rapi, and Lake Mtnalich, add to the area’s allure. Lake Kari (also known as "Stone Lake") is the most famous, situated at 3,200 meters (10,500 feet). These high-altitude lakes, often surrounded by snow even in summer, provide serene spots to rest, take photos, or just appreciate the stillness and beauty of nature. The lakes are also a popular destination for Armenian locals and visitors alike, who come to enjoy picnics and the cool mountain air. Lake Kari Snow lingers on the shores of Lake Kari until mid-July, attracting visitors from warmer climates who often experience snow for the first time here. Lake Kari is the highest lake in Armenia accessible by sedan, thanks to an old but decently preserved road. On the shore of the lake, there is a restaurant where visitors can taste the traditional Armenian dish Khash . Lake Rapi is another popular destination, as it offers the best view of Northern Aragats. 5. Experience the Mystery of Aragats Gravity Hill One of the most unusual attractions on the way to Lake Kari is Aragats Gravity Hill. This unique spot creates an optical illusion where the layout of the terrain makes a downhill slope look like it’s uphill. If you place a car in neutral here, it appears to roll uphill, defying gravity. It’s a quirky experience that’s sure to delight and mystify, adding an unexpected element of fun to the journey. A car left in neutral gear also appears to go up the hill Extra reason Two famous movies were filmed on the slopes of Mount Aragats! "Snow in Mourning" ( Снег в трауре ) is a Soviet television film from 1978, created at the Armenfilm studio by director Yuri Yerzinkyan. It is a psychological drama based on the novel of the same name by Henri Troyat. An episode from "Snow in Mourning" "Bastards" ( Сволочи ) is a Russian film directed by Alexander Atanesyan, telling the story of a penal military unit of teenage saboteurs during World War II. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Vladimir Kunin, written in 2003. Mount Aragats is a natural landmark and a source of inspiration for filmmakers! Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

During an urbex exploration in the Ararat region of Armenia, we spotted this intriguing house in the distance and couldn't resist the urge to explore its mysteries! < Back Inside Abandoned House During an urbex exploration in the Ararat region of Armenia, we spotted this intriguing house in the distance and couldn't resist the urge to explore its mysteries! Situated in Verin Artashat, along the route to the Dvin Archaeological Site, this two-story building reflects the architectural style of Armenian houses from the early 20th century. Despite its current state of decay, the house carries a unique charm, serving as a rare relic from that era. Although time has taken its toll, the remnants hint at the former grandeur of this historic dwelling. Imagine in spring when these trees blossom one can witness a fairy-tale scene! Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

My blog is about traveling, and this is probably the shortest trip I've ever come across. Nevertheless, due to its audacity and ingenuity, I have decided to cover it. < Back Escape Attempt from the Soviet Union with a Homemade Plane My blog is about traveling, and this is probably the shortest trip I've ever come across. Nevertheless, due to its audacity and ingenuity, I have decided to cover it. In 1973, in the southwest of Yerevan, near Sovetashen, locals discovered a crashed plane. Law enforcement agencies soon found out that four citizens of Soviet Armenia had managed to build a plane and attempted to cross the Armenian-Turkish border with it, solely using the Soviet scientific magazine "Young Technician" (Юный техник). These daring boys had chosen an abandoned warehouse in Nubarashen as the location for creating their flying machine. They transported the necessary parts and equipment for the homemade aircraft during the night. Investigations revealed that the plane was constructed almost flawlessly. However, something went wrong during takeoff, leading to the crash. The mastermind behind the escape and the leader of the group was Henrik Arakelyan, who was engaged in foreign currency trading, considered a criminal activity in the Soviet Union. Henrik had managed to accumulate considerable wealth that he couldn't utilize within the Soviet Union, and he needed to get it out of the country. Since only limited details were revealed by the RA National Security Service in 2019, we can only speculate that the boys were planning to seek political asylum in the USA after reaching Turkey. Typically, those fleeing from the USSR moved westward. The fate of the boys is clear: success for the victors, judgment for the losers. By the way, years later, in 1984, Czech citizen Ivo Zdarsky managed to escape from an Iron Curtain country in an aircraft he built himself.". Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Few urban explorers visit this abandoned place in Armenia! We stepped in to explore and found out that not much is left! Only bare walls and a few paintings... < Back Deep in the Woods We Discovered This Soviet Pioneer Camp Few urban explorers visit this abandoned place in Armenia! We stepped in to explore and found out that not much is left! Only bare walls and a few paintings... In Soviet times, there were 200 pioneer camps in Armenia, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union, only about 10 of them managed to survive. These pioneer camps were primarily located outside the cities, nestled in the woods. Today, these once-vibrant places have become abandoned, overgrown with thick bushes, making them perfect for urban explorations. While exploring the Syunik region with G. Mattu, we decided to check out a location we had vague information about as being a former pioneer camp. We drove to the once-popular Baghaberd Pioneer Camp. The road was old but had decent asphalt, so we reached it fairly quickly. It turned out that nowadays, the place serves as a spot where locals come for picnics. We walked around, but the old buildings were heavily looted, and there wasn't much left. Some paintings were still on the walls of the canteen, but overall, nothing significant remained. We walked around, took some photos, and left. Despite the current state of disrepair, the site offered a glimpse into the past, evoking memories of a time when it was filled with the laughter and energy of children. The architectural style, though deteriorating, still carried the essence of Soviet design, with its utilitarian structures and communal spaces. On one metal sign, we saw the Communist symbol "Hammer and Sickle." As you know, that symbol represented proletarian solidarity between agricultural and industrial workers. The exploration highlighted the stark contrast between the past and present, reflecting the broader changes that Armenia has undergone since the Soviet era. While the physical structures are decaying, they stand as silent witnesses to a bygone era, telling stories of the countless young lives that once passed through their doors. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

Thanks to its picturesque views and reconstructed road Azat Reservoir has become a popular tourist destination in Armenia in recent years. Those visiting Garni and Geghard and then heading towards Khor Virap and other places of interest in that direction always stop by Azat Reservoir. This article can serve as a useful tourist guide for those planning a trip there. < Back Azat Reservoir in Armenia! Where Is Located And How To Get There Thanks to its picturesque views and reconstructed road Azat Reservoir has become a popular tourist destination in Armenia in recent years. Those visiting Garni and Geghard and then heading towards Khor Virap and other places of interest in that direction always stop by Azat Reservoir. This article can serve as a useful tourist guide for those planning a trip there. Azat Reservoir, located in the Ararat Region of Armenia, was established in 1976. The reservoir is situated on the Azat River and holds a place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, boasting a volume of about 70 million cubic meters. During the dry season, the Azat Reservoir plays a crucial role in irrigating the Ararat valley. A hiking tour to mount Yeranos promises a wonderful view towards Azat reservoir from the summit! In dry years, when the water level in the reservoir drops below the norm, there is a need to increase water intake from Sevan, posing a threat to Sevan! Thus Azat reservoir is really playing a key role in country’s ecosystem! Me posing for a photo before the flight over Azat reservoir and mount Yeranos! Here we go... The reservoir is abundant with fish, including carp and crucian carp, making it a favorite spot for fishing and recreation, not only for locals but also for tourists. Additionally, the reservoir draws paragliders who organize flights over it and the surrounding landscapes. Azat Reservoir is a haven for stand-up paddle boarders The distance from Yerevan (Republic Square) to Azat reservoir is around 40 km. To reach Azat Reservoir, take the road leading to Garni village, where the Pagan Garni Temple is located. Just before reaching Garni, make a sharp right turn (there’s a large road sign) that will guide you, then follow the main road. Soon, you will reach Azat Reservoir. But if you are heading towards that region and are new to Armenia, it would be great to first visit Garni Temple (suggestion: on your way stop near Arch of Charents) and Geghard Monastery before routing towards Azat Reservoir. Upon reaching the reservoir, for a better view, it would be great to follow the asphalt road, reach the top of the nearby hill, and enjoy the scenery! Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Just a short drive from the center of Yerevan, in what used to be the city’s outskirts in 1960s, stands something few would expect from a small mountainous country better known for ancient monasteries and volcanic peaks: a particle accelerator. Yes, Armenia has its own chapter in the history of high-energy physics. Welcome to the Yerevan Physics Institute Synchrotron, also known as YerPhI (ЕРФИ - Ереванский физический институт) or officially, the A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory—a quiet but powerful remnant of Soviet science. < Back Armenia’s Particle Accelerator Just a short drive from the center of Yerevan, in what used to be the city’s outskirts in 1960s, stands something few would expect from a small mountainous country better known for ancient monasteries and volcanic peaks: a particle accelerator. Yes, Armenia has its own chapter in the history of high-energy physics. Welcome to the Yerevan Physics Institute Synchrotron, also known as YerPhI (ЕРФИ - Ереванский физический институт) or officially, the A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory—a quiet but powerful remnant of Soviet science. How it started? Founded in 1943 as a branch of Yerevan State University by renowned physicists Abraham Alikhanov and Artem Alikhanyan, YerPhI quickly became a cornerstone of Armenia’s scientific ambition. Just two years later, high-altitude cosmic ray stations were built on the slopes of Mount Aragats — Nor Amberd at 2000m and Aragats Station at 3200m. A government delegation led by Brezhnev at the Armenian SSR pavilion at VDNKh, near the particle accelerator model By the 1960s, the dream went underground—literally. YerPhI’s team began construction on a major accelerator complex, designed for cutting-edge research in nuclear and high-energy physics. The symbol named "Arus" As you approach YerPhI, you’ll notice a striking sculpture on your right—a mysterious double-sided figure made of red tuff, standing three meters tall. This is Arus, also known as the "Armenian Sphinx." The name "Arus" is both a common Armenian woman’s name and an acronym for Armenian Accelerator (Армянский Ускоритель). It is said that the title "Armenian Sphinx" was coined by Artem Alikhanyan, founder of the Institute of Physics. Created by sculptor Arto Chakmakchyan , Arus is more than art—it’s a tribute to the dreams and determination behind Armenia’s scientific rise. And it guards the entrance to the underground halls where science once roared. Into the Depths: A Fortress of Concrete and Basalt Next, you’ll spot a large sign in Russian on top of the building to your left: “ЕрФИ.” In 1965, the LU-75 linear accelerator was completed. Two years later, it was joined by a 6 GeV synchrotron . Though its raw power can’t compete with modern giants like CERN, this facility was once among the most advanced in the USSR, delivering over 5,000 operational hours annually at its peak. The Arus synchrotron, with a diameter of approximately 70 meters and a circumference of about 220 meters, was designed to accelerate electrons to an energy of 6 GeV. The accelerator also produced a beam of linearly polarized photons in the 0.9–1.8 GeV range, enabling precise experiments in particle interactions. Key specifications include: Diameter: 70 m Commissioning Year: 1967 Electron Energy: Up to 6 GeV (designed), 4.15–4.5 GeV (operational) Photon Beam: 0.9–1.8 GeV (linearly polarized) Experimental Setup: Included magnetic spectrometers and neutron hodoscopes for detailed measurements Scientific Contributions Arus facilitated a range of groundbreaking experiments in particle physics. One significant study measured the asymmetry of deuteron photodisintegration at photon energies up to 1.8 GeV, using a 90° centre-of-mass angle. This experiment, conducted with a magnetic spectrometer for protons and a neutron hodoscope, challenged existing models of quark interactions by highlighting discrepancies in constituent quark counting rules. Other research explored: Hadronic properties of photons via π-meson photoproduction on nuclei. Structures of nucleon resonances through multi-polarization experiments. Characteristics of nuclear matter under high-energy conditions. A notable achievement was the 1970 discovery of X-ray transition radiation, a phenomenon now widely used in particle identification detectors worldwide. Collaborations with scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna underscored Arus’s role in fostering international scientific exchange. The last full run of the circular accelerator took place in 1998. Operations resumed in May of that year, shifting focus to photodisintegration studies and the investigation of quasi-deuteron disintegration in light nuclei such as helium-4 and lithium-6. These efforts aimed to deepen our understanding of nuclear interactions using the synchrotron’s polarized photon beam. From Electrons to Isotopes: What Happened Inside Put simply, a particle accelerator speeds up electrons or protons to near light-speed and smashes them into targets. This lets scientists study the tiniest building blocks of matter. Think of it as an atomic microscope—on steroids. As I stepped out of the elevator and saw the particle accelerator, a pleasant shiver ran down my spine At YerPhI, researchers focused on: Electron-photonuclear interactions Production of medical radioisotopes like technetium-99m Transition radiation in monocrystals Nuclear resonance structures Hadronic properties of photons Thanks to the synchrotron’s precision beamline —designed to eliminate electromagnetic noise and enable low-background experiments—researchers were able to carry out delicate, world-class physics investigations. I took a photo of Mr. Hakobyan as he explained how the accelerator worked Many of these experiments, including the development of wide-gap spark chambers and transition radiation detectors, positioned YerPhI as a serious contributor to international scientific collaborations from the mid-1980s onward. Back to our visit After passing through the gates, you’re guided to a large round building, where an elevator takes you four floors underground where the accelerator is located. Every instrument sits on a single elevation surface , with zero tolerance for millimeter error. That’s how precise things had to be. Massive half-meter-thick, lead-lined doors shield the lab—and the outside world—from potential radiation and other hazards. Inside these heavily reinforced corridors lies what was once a state-of-the-art research machine. Even today, its foundations are solid—scientifically and structurally. Where It Stands Today After the collapse of the Soviet Union, YerPhI faced tough times—lack of funding, scarce resources, and a brain drain of specialists. However, it managed to adapt to the changing global scientific landscape, continuing its research and contributing to the broader field of physics. While large-scale acceleration has stopped, the facility remains partially operational. It’s used for training, detector development, and even international research collaborations. Behind thick glass, we observed the work in the laboratory The building may carry the weight of the past, but the minds inside are very much focused on the future. The display boards told the rich history of the Physics Institute For the Curious Traveler YerPhI isn’t your average tourist stop, but it’s a goldmine for those who enjoy science with a twist of Soviet nostalgia . So if you're a traveler looking for more than just churches and khachkars—if you want to touch the edge of atoms and ambition—put YerPhI on your radar. Because Armenia isn’t just old; it’s also brilliant. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. 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This article explores the fascinating world of iconic custom-made cars in Soviet Armenia. These unique modifications highlight the ingenuity and creativity of Armenian car enthusiasts who transformed standard Soviet vehicles into extraordinary masterpieces, reflecting personal style and engineering brilliance despite the era's constraints. Discover these automotive gems in one comprehensive collection! < Back Custom Cars in Soviet Armenia This article explores the fascinating world of iconic custom-made cars in Soviet Armenia. These unique modifications highlight the ingenuity and creativity of Armenian car enthusiasts who transformed standard Soviet vehicles into extraordinary masterpieces, reflecting personal style and engineering brilliance despite the era's constraints. Discover these automotive gems in one comprehensive collection! The Soviet automotive market offered a limited range of standardized vehicles, such as the Lada, Moskvitch, and Volga, with purchasing often requiring years on a waiting list. While iconic Western vehicles were reserved for a select few, such as Vladimir Vysotsky, Anatoly Karpov, and Yuri Gagarin, many enthusiasts took it upon themselves to modify Soviet-made cars—or even build their own—from scratch. The history of custom cars in Armenia begins in 1977, attracting great attention and earning high praise. Yuri Gagarin’s Matra Bonnet Djet One of the most celebrated cars of the Soviet era belonged to Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space. In 1965, Gagarin visited the airshow in Le Bourget and lingered for a long time near the elegant, low-slung mid-engine coupe. Whether he hinted at his desire to own such a car or the French took the initiative themselves is unknown, but just a month later, on July 26, a personal Matra Djet for Yuri Alekseyevich was shipped from Paris to Moscow. Yuri Gagarin and his René Bonnet Matra-Djet before the titanium obelisk erected in Moscow Alley of Heroes in honor of space explorers. Although many photos depict this car as sky blue, it was actually beige-gray in color. Copyright Matra - Lagardère, 1965, courtesy of Club René Bonnet The GT-77 by Rafik Ordyan The talented Armenian engineer-designer Rafik Ordyan even in his early youth dreamed of creating his own unusual car. Our boyish hero read an article about how to build a car yourself in the magazine Young Technician . And he understood - his cherished dream is completely feasible. By the 10th grade, he had constructed a simple vehicle, which he called the “Buggy Model.” In 1971, Ordyan began working on his new and ambitious project, the GT-77, a project that required six years of determination and self-learning. Besides engineering, he mastered skills in design, chemistry, metalwork, and electronics. Many doubted that a single person could create a functional sports car, but Ordyan proved them wrong. Rafik Ordyan and his iconic GT-77 The GT-77, completed in 1977, was powered by a 47-horsepower engine from a Czechoslovak Škoda 1202 and built on the chassis of a Soviet Moskvich 412. The car's total height was 1 meter, and it could reach a speed of 180 km/h. Ordyan meticulously crafted many of the car's parts from scratch, creating a striking and one-of-a-kind sports car that captivated attention on the streets of Yerevan. The GT-77 was so distinct in a sea of Zhiguli and Volga vehicles that onlookers often mistook it for a foreign car. People were genuinely curious about its origins, asking which country it had come from and how it had ended up in the USSR. In 1977, Rafik overcame the test of 2500 km on the route Moscow — Sevastopol. GT-77 participated in an all-Union exhibition and was awarded the Grand Prix, the top prize, beating 34 competitors from different Union republics. Following this, it was displayed for an entire month at the Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy in Moscow, captivating visitors. Henrik Matevosyan's "Gull" on the cover of Soviet-Armenian magazine "Science and Technology", 1986/7 Henrik Matevosyan created his custom-built car, the "Gull," in 1981. While visiting the home of a friend who had a collection of cars, he admired one of the models, took inspiration from it, and decided to build a full-scale version with his own hands. Although the design process took four months, it took him two years to complete the car. The vehicle was named "Gull" due to its doors, which resemble the wings of a bird when opened. Notably, Matevosyan assembled the car in the closed balcony of their apartment. Archival photos show the moment the completed car was lowered from the balcony. In 1983, Matevosyan renamed the car "Zangezur," reflecting his roots in the Zangezur region. Over the years, the car's color has changed several times: from white to silver, then green, and black. Today, the car is painted red. The creator of "Zangezur" believes that every color suits his car. Since its creation, the vehicle has traveled over 2 million kilometers. During Soviet times, it participated in nearly all automotive competitions, winning numerous awards. A passionate speed enthusiast, Matevosyan confesses that he would still drive fast today, if only he were allowed to. While Ordyan’s GT-77 and Matevosyan's "Gull" remain a standout achievement, other Armenian car enthusiasts also pursued custom builds. I kept on researching Science and Technology magazine to uncover more examples and was able to find some, though details remain scarce. Lyova Sahakyan's "Landa" Car enthusiast Lyova Sahakyan is one of the creators of homemade cars. His models, "Lana," "Landa," "Sport-1," and "Mir-86," have repeatedly participated in races, winning awards. At his parents' advice, Lyova enrolled in the Brusov Institute of Russian and Foreign Languages, where he studied for three years but soon realized that studying languages was not his calling. He then entered the Karl Marx Polytechnic Institute's mechanical faculty, where he began seriously pursuing his passion during his student years. A "Zaporozhets" car, gifted by his parents, became his first testing ground. In a very short time, the car was modified, gaining a new look and being named "LANA," after the initials of his family members: Lyova, Asya, Nara, and Artur. One after another, his other homemade cars were created, the most famous of which are "Landa," "Sport-1," and "Mir-86." These models earned high praise from experts. For example, "Landa" was built in just three months. The car can accommodate six passengers in addition to the driver, and its external dimensions are smaller than even a "Zhiguli." One unique feature of the car is its four headlights, two of which move in sync with the wheels during turns. Lyova Sahakyan's futuristic "Mir-86" Lyova's most famous model is the "Mir-86," created in honor of the International Year of Peace, which was recognized by the United Nations in 1986. It stood out for its futuristic design and was considered the lowest sports car in the USSR, with a height of only 870 mm. The car could reach a speed of 200 km/h and was primarily built from Zaporozhets parts. The headlights of the "Mir-86" were connected to the steering wheel and wheels, allowing them to move in unison with the car during turns. It also had reserve lights that could be activated with the press of a button. 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Packing your hiking backpack efficiently can make a huge difference in your comfort and safety on the trail. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to do it right. < Back How to Pack Your Hiking Backpack: A Step-by-Step Guide Packing your hiking backpack efficiently can make a huge difference in your comfort and safety on the trail. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to do it right. 1. Choose the Right Backpack Selecting the right backpack for your hike is the first step. Consider the duration of your hike and the volume you need. For day hikes, a 30-40 liter backpack is sufficient. For multi-day hikes, a 50-80 liter pack is recommended. For my one day hikes I use my old Quechua MH500 40L Backpack 2. Lay Out All Your Gear Before packing, lay out all your gear to ensure you have everything you need. This helps you see what can be left behind and what is essential. 3. Pack the Heavy Items First Place heavy items, like your tent, cooking gear, and food, close to your back and in the middle of the backpack. This helps maintain your center of gravity and provides better balance. 4. Bottom Section: Sleeping Bag and Clothing Pack your sleeping bag at the bottom of your backpack. This item is light but bulky, making it perfect for the lower compartment. Next, add clothing that you won’t need during the day. 5. Middle Section: Heavy Gear As mentioned, the middle section should hold heavy items. Secure these items tightly to avoid them shifting and throwing you off balance. 6. Top Section: Essentials and Lightweight Items Place lighter items that you might need quick access to, such as a first aid kit, snacks, a map, and a headlamp, at the top of your pack. 7. External Pockets and Attachments Use external pockets for items like water bottles, a rain cover, and a multitool. Attach items such as trekking poles or a sleeping pad to the exterior loops. 8. Adjust and Secure Straps Once packed, adjust all straps to ensure the backpack fits snugly against your back. Secure all external straps to prevent items from bouncing. 9. Final Check and Balance Test Before heading out, do a final check to ensure nothing is forgotten. Lift your backpack and do a balance test by walking around. If it feels off-balance, redistribute the weight. Conclusion Packing your hiking backpack properly is crucial for a comfortable and enjoyable hiking experience. By following these steps, you can ensure that your gear is organized, accessible, and balanced, allowing you to focus on the adventure ahead. Happy hiking! Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

This article offers a brief overview of Armenian Lavash, a staple in Armenian households for centuries and a symbol of Armenian identity. Today, it continues to attract the interest of foreigners keen on the traditions associated with this iconic bread. < Back Armenian Lavash Bread This article offers a brief overview of Armenian Lavash, a staple in Armenian households for centuries and a symbol of Armenian identity. Today, it continues to attract the interest of foreigners keen on the traditions associated with this iconic bread. Lavash, a traditional Armenian flatbread, holds a significant place in the country's culinary heritage. It is a flat, very thin wafer, typically 2-5 millimeters thick and round-shaped. It generally adheres to a standard size, with a typical length of 90-110 centimeters, a width of 40-50 centimeters, and a weight not exceeding 250 grams This unleavened flatbread is crafted from simple ingredients: flour, water, and salt. The dough is rolled thin and stretched over a cushion before being baked in a clay tandoor, resulting in a thin, flexible bread with a delightful crispiness. Lavash is individually spread out until it cools down, after which it is stacked on top of each other, often arranged in 8-10 rows. When exposed to open air, lavash dries rapidly and can remain dry for an extended period, surpassing one year. AI generated image of Armenian woman baking lavash Lavash Bread Recipe: Crafting the perfect Lavash bread at home requires just a few ingredients and some patience. Here's a basic recipe: Ingredients: 3 cups all-purpose flour 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup water Instructions: Mix flour and salt in a bowl. Gradually add water, kneading the dough until it becomes smooth. Divide the dough into small balls and let them rest for about 30 minutes. Roll out each ball into a thin sheet. Bake on a hot griddle or in a preheated oven until it puffs up and turns golden. But for a perfect lavash one of course needs a clay tandoor! Lavash Wraps: Lavash's versatility extends beyond being a standalone bread. It serves as an ideal wrap, bringing together lunchtime classics such as turkey cold cuts, goat cheese, and a vibrant blend of veggies and greens in Lavash bread. Whether crafting a Mediterranean-inspired wrap with fresh vegetables, hummus, and feta, or opting for a savory wrap with grilled meats and tzatziki, Lavash provides a delicious and pliable canvas for culinary creativity. Eduard Artsrunyan. Fresh Lavash (1971) Women baking or carrying lavash is a common theme that has inspired Armenian painters. Lavash as a symbol Lavash is considered a symbol of family and abundance in Armenia. Traditionally, during weddings, the groom's mother throws lavash on the shoulders of the newlyweds, symbolizing the wish that the young couple will always live in abundance and togetherness. Lavash Bread Calories: A 100-gram serving of Armenian Lavash bread contains approximately 281 calories. Where to Buy Lavash Bread: Armenian Lavash bread is readily available at Armenian, Middle Eastern, and Persian markets throughout the country. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak