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Zvartnots Temple is a captivating historical site that anyone interested in Armenian culture and architecture should visit. This article sheds light on this magnificent Armenian architectural marvel, whose ruins stand as a testament to the architectural genius and faith of a bygone era. < Back Zvartnots Cathedral - UNESCO World Heritage Site in Armenia Zvartnots Temple is a captivating historical site that anyone interested in Armenian culture and architecture should visit. This article sheds light on this magnificent Armenian architectural marvel, whose ruins stand as a testament to the architectural genius and faith of a bygone era. Zvartnots Temple, also known as Zvartnots Cathedral, is a medieval Armenian temple near the city of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. Catholicos Nerses III, the leader of the Armenian Church at that time, built it in the 7th century CE. The temple is renowned for its unique circular shape, a rarity in Armenian architecture. It features a large dome, four supporting piers for a multifloor structure, and various decorative elements like eagle capitals and vine scroll friezes. Dedicated to St. Gregory the Illuminator, who converted King Tiridates III to Christianity in the 4th century CE, the temple was a place where the king and St. Gregory discussed their faith and plans for Armenia's future. Nerses III and his successors used the temple as a patriarchal palace until it succumbed to either an earthquake or an Arab raid in the 10th century CE. Zvartnots stood for 320 years before collapsing in the tenth century. By the time historian Stepanos Taronetsi mentioned the church in his Universal History in the eleventh century, the cathedral was already in ruins. The reason for its collapse is debated, with theories suggesting an earthquake or attacks from repeated Arab raids. Despite being well-engineered, the most accepted explanation is an earthquake collapse. A model of the Zvartnots Cathedral in the Zvartnots Cultural Museum Rediscovered in the early 20th century, the ruins were excavated and studied by archaeologists. The original appearance is still debated, with many scholars accepting Toros Toramanian's 1905 reconstruction, proposing that the building had three floors. This temple is considered one of the most important monuments of medieval Armenia and a symbol of its cultural heritage. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000. Today, tourists can visit Zvartnots Temple to admire its beauty and learn about its history. Offering stunning views of Mount Ararat from various angles, Zvartnots, though a fallen giant, continues to inspire us to reach for the stars and leave our mark on the world. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Armenia, with its diverse landscapes, towering mountains, and rich history, is a paradise for adventure seekers. The country offers an array of thrilling activities, from off-roading through rugged terrains to paragliding over scenic valleys. Whether you're looking to conquer mountain peaks, explore hidden caves, or glide through the skies, Armenia has something for every adrenaline enthusiast. This article will guide you through the top adventure tours in Armenia, highlighting some of the most exhilarating experiences the country has to offer. < Back Adventure Tours in Armenia Armenia, with its diverse landscapes, towering mountains, and rich history, is a paradise for adventure seekers. The country offers an array of thrilling activities, from off-roading through rugged terrains to paragliding over scenic valleys. Whether you're looking to conquer mountain peaks, explore hidden caves, or glide through the skies, Armenia has something for every adrenaline enthusiast. This article will guide you through the top adventure tours in Armenia, highlighting some of the most exhilarating experiences the country has to offer. 1. Off-Roading Adventures Off-roading in Armenia is an experience like no other. The country’s rugged terrain and remote landscapes make it perfect for exploring by 4x4 vehicles. Popular destinations for off-roading are Mount Dimats, Lake Akna, Lake Rapi or Trchkan Waterfall. Jeep Cherokee on the slopes of mount Paytasar Mount Dimats: Located in the Tavush region, Mount Dimats offers a challenging off-road route that takes you through dense forests and steep mountain paths. The journey is as exciting as the destination, with stunning views of the surrounding valleys and peaks. Mount Dimats The off-road trail to Mount Dimats is ideal for those looking to combine the thrill of off-roading with the beauty of Armenia’s natural landscapes. Lake Akna: Situated in Geghama mountains, Lake Akna is another popular off-roading destination. The route to the lake is rugged and requires a skilled driver, but the reward is worth it. Camping on the shore of lake Akna Upon arrival, you’ll find a serene alpine lake surrounded by snow-capped mountains with the highest being mount Azhdahak. This off-road adventure is perfect for those who enjoy the tranquility of nature combined with the excitement of off-road driving. Lake Akna is perfect for camping. Flying over Azat reservoir 2. Paragliding Over Armenia Armenia’s mountainous terrain and favorable weather conditions make it an ideal location for paragliding. The experience of soaring above the country’s breathtaking landscapes is truly unforgettable. Top Paragliding Spots: One of the best places for paragliding in Armenia is the area around Lake Sevan. Here, you can glide over the crystal-clear waters of the lake, with the towering mountains in the background. Another popular spot is Azat rezervoir, where you can paraglide over the reservoir and mount Yeranos with a scenic view towards mount Ararat. What to Expect: Paragliding tours in Armenia are typically guided by experienced instructors who ensure your safety while you enjoy the stunning views. Whether you’re a seasoned paraglider or a first-timer, the experience is accessible to everyone who doesn’t have health issues. 3. Hiking and Trekking Hiking in Armenia offers a unique opportunity to explore the country’s diverse landscapes on foot. From challenging mountain ascents to leisurely nature walks, there’s a trail for every type of hiker. The view from the southern summit of mount Aragats Popular Hiking Trails: Some of the most popular hiking destinations include the trails around Mount Aragats, Armenia’s highest peak. The hike to each of the 4 summits of the mountain offer panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. For a more moderate hike, the Dilijan National Park offers trails that wind through lush forests, past ancient monasteries, and along crystal-clear lakes. Supboarding in Azat reservoir 4. Stand-Up Paddleboarding (SUP) SUP-boarding is a relatively new but rapidly growing adventure activity in Armenia. The country’s many lakes provide the perfect setting for this water sport. Lake Sevan: Lake Sevan, the largest lake in Armenia, is the most popular destination for SUP-boarding. The calm waters of the lake make it an ideal spot for beginners, while the stunning mountain views add to the experience. Azat Reservoir: Azat Reservoir is another popular destination. Located close to the capital Yerevan, you won’t spend much time on the road and can reach the shoreline in about an hour. 5. Rafting Adventures Rafting in Armenia is an adrenaline-pumping experience, with the country’s fast-flowing rivers providing the perfect setting for this adventure sport. Debed River: The Debed River in the Lori region is one of the best places for rafting in Armenia. The river’s rapids range from mild to challenging, making it suitable for both beginners and experienced rafters. The tour is guided by professional instructors who ensure your safety while navigating the river’s rapids. These tours typically include all necessary equipment, as well as transportation to and from the river. 6. Urban Exploration (Urbexing) For those interested in the hidden and abandoned, urbexing (urban exploration) in Armenia offers a unique adventure. The country is dotted with abandoned Soviet-era buildings, factories, bunkers, copper tunnels and other structures that make for fascinating exploration. The Iron Fountain in Gyumri Abandoned Sites: Some popular urbexing sites include ROT54 telescope, abandoned sanatoriums as well as the old Soviet observatories and military installations scattered across the country. Exploring these sites offers a glimpse into Armenia’s past, as well as the thrill of discovering forgotten places. ROT54 telescope Safety Considerations : While urbexing can be exciting, it’s important to take safety precautions. Many of these sites are in a state of disrepair, so it’s advisable to explore them with a guide who is familiar with the area. 7. Caving Armenia’s mountainous landscape is home to numerous caves, many of which are still relatively unexplored. Caving in Armenia offers the chance to explore these hidden underground worlds. Areni-1 Cave: One of the most famous caves in Armenia is the Areni-1 Cave, located in the Vayots Dzor region. This cave is known for its archaeological significance, as it’s one of the oldest known winemaking sites in the world. The cave itself is a fascinating place to explore, with its winding passages and ancient artifacts. Exploring Voghjaberd caves Speleology Tours: For more adventurous cavers, there are guided speleology tours that take you to less-known caves in Armenia. These tours are typically led by experienced guides and provide all the necessary equipment. 8. Zip-Lining Zip-lining is a thrilling way to experience Armenia’s stunning landscapes from above. The country offers several zip-lining opportunities, with lines that take you over forests, rivers, and valleys. Yell Extreme Park: Located in the Tavush region, Yell Extreme Park is one of the most popular zip-lining destinations in Armenia. The park offers several lines of varying lengths and heights, allowing you to soar through the air while taking in the breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and forests. Safety and Fun: Zip-lining tours in Armenia are designed to be both safe and exciting, with professional instructors ensuring that you have a memorable experience. 9. Winter Skiing Winter in Armenia transforms the country into a snowy wonderland, making it a perfect destination for skiing and snowboarding. Two of the most popular ski resorts in Armenia are Tsaghkadzor and MyLer in Aparan. Tsaghkadzor Ski Resort is the most well-known ski resort in Armenia. The resort offers a variety of slopes for all skill levels, from beginner to expert. In addition to skiing and snowboarding, Tsaghkadzor also offers other winter activities such as snowshoeing and snowmobiling. MyLer in Aparan: MyLer is a newer ski resort located in the Aparan region. It’s smaller and less crowded than Tsaghkadzor, making it a great choice for those looking for a more tranquil skiing experience. MyLer offers well-groomed slopes, as well as stunning views of the surrounding mountains. Conclusion Armenia is an adventure lover’s dream, offering a wide range of activities that cater to all levels of thrill-seekers. Whether you’re off-roading to remote mountain lakes, paragliding over stunning landscapes, or skiing down snow-covered slopes, Armenia’s diverse and breathtaking scenery provides the perfect backdrop for your next adventure. With so many exciting options to choose from, adventure tours in Armenia are sure to leave you with unforgettable memories and a longing to return for more. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Discover Armenia's aviation history as we tour the Yak-40 aircraft, once a part of Armenian Airlines, now resting in Ashtarak city. Explore and take awesome pics in there... < Back Abandoned Yak-40 Plane in Armenia Discover Armenia's aviation history as we tour the Yak-40 aircraft, once a part of Armenian Airlines, now resting in Ashtarak city. Explore and take awesome pics in there... In Ashtarak city lies a remarkable relic from the country's aviation history. The Yak-40, is an intriguing sight for urban explorers looking to explore Armenia's past and present. This particular Yak-40, produced in Saratov in 1977, shares its roots with the iconic Yak-40s that once graced the skies. At the outset, it was entrusted to the Armenian Department of the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation, where it proudly bore the designation USSR-88256. As Armenia gained independence, this aviation marvel found a new home in the fleet of Armenian Airlines, embracing its Armenian identity as EK-88256. Yak-40 plane as seen from "Van Lake" restaurant! In 1997, as technology advanced and the aviation landscape evolved, the Yak-40 gracefully retired from active service. However, its story was far from over. In the early 2000s, this aviation relic found its final resting place in Ashtarak, where it remains today. Travel to Armenia and take a moment to tour the Yak-40, a symbol of Armenia's journey in the skies. Discover Armenia's aviation history as you explore this magnificent aircraft, a testament to the country's enduring connection with the world of flight. You can find the coordinates of the Yak-40 plane on my Telegram channel. https://t.me/armenianexplorer_ru/28 Importat: When visiting the plane choose the road from the side of Mesrop Mashtots Street otherwise if you go to Van Lake restaurant, from there you can’t pass the gorge and get to the plane! Discover another abandoned plane by reading this article: Another Abandoned Plane in Armenia Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

Explore the extraordinary life of Max Reisch, a pioneering travel writer and adventurer. From motorcycle odysseys across Africa and India in the 1930s to circumnavigating the globe in a Steyr 100, Reisch's legacy, filled with daring exploits, inspires wanderlust and exploration. < Back Max Reisch - Pioneering the First Overland Journey from Europe to India Explore the extraordinary life of Max Reisch, a pioneering travel writer and adventurer. From motorcycle odysseys across Africa and India in the 1930s to circumnavigating the globe in a Steyr 100, Reisch's legacy, filled with daring exploits, inspires wanderlust and exploration. Max Reisch, born on October 2, 1912, in Kufstein, Austria, left an indelible mark as a prominent travel writer, geographer, journalist, and oriental expert. His life's journey was characterized by an insatiable thirst for exploration and a relentless pursuit of adventure. Max Reisch's early life saw him attending school in Bozen and Kufstein, followed by studies in architecture and world trade in Vienna. In his youth, Max was an avid skier, motorsport athlete and mountaineer, foreshadowing the daring spirit that would define his future expeditions. 1932: To Africa with Motorcycle and Tent In the early 1930s, Max Reisch studied in Vienna. During the summer break of 1932, he embarked on an adventurous journey to North Africa with Alfred Schricker from Nuremberg. Riding a Puch 250 cm³ motorcycle, built in 1929, they traveled from Vienna via Spain, covering a route from west to east, Algiers to Tripoli. The journey included a detour into the Sahara. After a ship voyage from Tripoli to Syracuse on Sicily and then overland to Austria, they completed this remarkable expedition. Forging a path through the desert! Image by Herbert Tichy 1933: To India by Motorcycle The following year, in 1933, Max Reisch, again on the Puch-Type 250, with co-driver Herbert Tichy, embarked on another groundbreaking journey. The rear wheel was still without suspension. In addition to the two people, around 70 kg of equipment, spare parts, petrol and oil were also carried. Since this trip was again a kind of test ride as proof of the stability of the motorcycles of the time (like the Sahara trip), all essential parts of the machine were sealed. Covering 13,000 km over several months, they achieved the remarkable feat of being the first to reach India overland by motorcycle. The experiences of this journey were vividly documented in Max Reisch's book "Indien, lockende Ferne; 13,000 km Pionierfahrt mit Herbert Tichy nach Indien" ("India, tempting distances; 13,000 km pioneering journey with Herbert Tichy to India") published by Ulstein Verlag. In the 1970s he traveled on this route again - albeit with modern means of transport, comparing the conditions of the 1970s with his earlier journey, documenting the changes in his book "Karawanenstraßen Asiens" ("Caravan Roads of Asia"). Max Reisch on his 1932 Puch 250SL en route to India. Image by Herbert Tichy 1935-1936: Around the world in a Steyr 100 It was a special car, this Steyr 100 with 1,380 cm³ and 32 hp, built in 1934, and a special body made of sheet aluminum. Because on September 22, 1934, this vehicle was the first vehicle to drive, or rather rumble, over the almost completed Großglockner High Alpine Road summit section. At the wheel was the Salzburg state governor Dr. Franz Rehrl and next to him the road planner and executive engineer, Franz Friedrich Wallack. And it was with this vehicle, accompanied by Helmut Hahmann, technician and cameraman, that Reisch set off from Vienna on April 22, 1935 (in a later edition of the book, 1983, Max Reisch writes April 23 as the day of departure). The goal was - Vienna again, but this time it was supposed to go around the world. The journey went through the Middle East, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Burma, Vietnam to China. They embarked in Shanghai and went first to Japan and from its eastern port of Yokohama on to North America, across the United States of America from Seattle via San Francisco to New York. The “Bremen” took the two of them and their car to Bremerhaven and from there they went to Vienna. Of course, Reisch also wrote a book about this trip: Mann und 32 PS, im Auto um die Erde "2 men and 32 horsepower, around the world in a car" Max Reisch's book cover Max Reisch's legacy extends beyond his expeditions. An avid traveler, author, and public speaker, he delivered over 700 lectures in 50 years, inspiring countless individuals. He gave his first slide lecture in the auditorium of the University of Vienna in 1934, and his last lecture in 1984 in his beloved hometown of Kufstein, true to his motto: "There are many continents and countries, but there is only one home." Max Reisch passed away on January 18, 1985, at the age of 72, leaving behind a rich tapestry of adventures and a legacy that continues to inspire wanderlust and exploration. He himself said: "I am satisfied because I have reached the age of 102. The years in the desert count twice!" Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

The Yeghishe Charents Monument in Yerevan honors the celebrated Armenian poet. Created in 1985, this bronze sculpture symbolizes his life and legacy with 40 springs and a memorial column inscribed with lines from his poetry. < Back Yeghishe Charents Monument in Yerevan The Yeghishe Charents Monument in Yerevan honors the celebrated Armenian poet. Created in 1985, this bronze sculpture symbolizes his life and legacy with 40 springs and a memorial column inscribed with lines from his poetry. Yeghishe Charents (1897–1937), a prominent Armenian poet and writer, fell victim to the Yezhovshchina during Stalin’s Great Purge. Charged with “counterrevolutionary and nationalist activity,” he was imprisoned and died under mysterious circumstances, with his burial place remaining unknown. His books were banned, but many of his manuscripts were saved by his close friend, Regina Ghazaryan, who secretly preserved them. Yeghishe Charents monument in Yerevan The Yeghishe Charents Monument, erected in 1985, stands in Yerevan's Circular Park, opposite the Radio House. This 18.5-meter-tall bronze monument, created by architect Jim Torosyan and sculptor Nikoghayos Nikoghosyan, is a multi-figure composition. Nikoghayos Nikoghosyan working on the Yeghishe Charents monument, 1980 One side has 40 flowing springs representing Charents' years of life, while the other side rises as a memorial column crowned with an eternal flame. This column is inscribed with lines from Charents' poetry: «Ես եկել եմ դարերից ու գնում եմ հաղթական Դեպի դարերը նորից՝ դեպի վառվող Ապագան…»։ ("I have come from centuries and I am moving forward victoriously Toward the centuries again—toward the blazing Future..."). Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Explore the rich history and cultural significance of the Armenian Alphabet, one of the world's oldest writing systems dating back to 405 AD. Learn about its creation by Mesrop Mashtots, delve into the traditional and reformed spellings, and understand its role in writing both Eastern and Western Armenian. < Back The Armenian Alphabet - Mesrop Mashtot's Masterpiece Explore the rich history and cultural significance of the Armenian Alphabet, one of the world's oldest writing systems dating back to 405 AD. Learn about its creation by Mesrop Mashtots, delve into the traditional and reformed spellings, and understand its role in writing both Eastern and Western Armenian. The Armenian Alphabet is a unique writing system developed for the Armenian language and culture. It stands as one of the oldest alphabets globally, dating back to 405 AD, credited to Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ecclesiastical leader. Medieval Armenian sources suggest Mashtots invented the Georgian and Caucasian Albanian alphabets around the same period. Statues of Mesrop Mashtots and his student Koryun in front of Matenadaran The Armenian alphabet is called "այբուբեն - aybuben". The name is derived from the first two letters, այբ (ayb). Traditionally, the first sentence written down in Armenian by Mashtots is said to be a phrase translated from Solomon's Book of Proverbs: Ճանաչել զիմաստութիւն եւ զխրատ, իմանալ զբանս հանճարոյ: To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding. — Book of Proverbs, 1:2. All 39 letters of the Armenian alphabet The number and order of letters have evolved over time. In the Middle Ages, two new letters (օ [o], ֆ [f]) were introduced to better represent foreign sounds, increasing the count from 36 to 38. From 1922 to 1924, Soviet Armenia implemented a reformed spelling, changing the digraph ու and the ligature և into two new letters. However, those outside the Soviet sphere, including Western Armenians and Eastern Armenians in Iran, rejected the reforms, sticking to traditional Armenian orthography. Armenian Alphabet Alley in winter. The monument includes sculptures of the 39 letters of the Armenian alphabet and monuments of Armenian greats Beyond being a means of communication, the Armenian Alphabet serves as a symbol of identity and heritage for Armenians, reflecting their history, culture, and spirituality. It is a beautiful and expressive writing system capable of conveying complex emotions and ideas with simplicity and elegance. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Soviet WWII monuments, found throughout former Soviet republics, honor the immense sacrifice and heroism of soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. Often featuring dramatic sculptures of soldiers, tanks, and eternal flames, they symbolize the victory over Nazi Germany. These monuments serve as enduring tributes to Soviet resilience, commemorating the millions who fought and died for the Soviet Union and shaping the region's collective memory and post-war identity. In Armenia, every city and almost every village has a monument dedicated to WWII. Some have gained popularity among urban explorers and photographers over time. Here is one of them: < Back Urban Explorers Are Fascinated by This WWII Memorial Soviet WWII monuments, found throughout former Soviet republics, honor the immense sacrifice and heroism of soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. Often featuring dramatic sculptures of soldiers, tanks, and eternal flames, they symbolize the victory over Nazi Germany. These monuments serve as enduring tributes to Soviet resilience, commemorating the millions who fought and died for the Soviet Union and shaping the region's collective memory and post-war identity. In Armenia, every city and almost every village has a monument dedicated to WWII. Some have gained popularity among urban explorers and photographers over time. Here is one of them: This World War II monument was erected in 1973 through donations from the workers of the Kirovakan (now Vandzor) chemical factory. It was officially opened in 1975 on the 30th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. Main architect: Rafik Boshyan. Architects: Boris Kocharyan, and Ashot Kanayan. Sculptors: Zhirayr Ketikyan, Ara Sargsyan, Mehrab Mirzakhanyan (Master Mehrab) Having a person stand near the monument provides a valuable reference, allowing viewers to better appreciate its scale in photographs During my urban explorer tours in the Lori Region, we stop at this WWII monument, which has become a must-visit destination. Travelers consistently praise its significance and beauty, capturing memorable photos that make it a true highlight of the tour. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

In 1981, oceanographer Stanislav Kurilov defied the Soviet Union's iron grip, escaping through a daring leap off a cruise ship into the Philippine Sea. His incredible journey, marked by challenges and resilience, symbolizes the relentless pursuit of freedom, resonating as a beacon of hope against oppressive regimes, inspiring even today. < Back Jumped overboard from a cruise ship to escape from USSR In 1981, oceanographer Stanislav Kurilov defied the Soviet Union's iron grip, escaping through a daring leap off a cruise ship into the Philippine Sea. His incredible journey, marked by challenges and resilience, symbolizes the relentless pursuit of freedom, resonating as a beacon of hope against oppressive regimes, inspiring even today. The year is 1981. The Soviet Union's grip on its citizens is ironclad, escape seemingly impossible. While the West enjoyed relative freedom and prosperity, the countries behind the Iron Curtain experienced varying degrees of political repression, economic hardship, and limited personal liberties. Yet there were those who had a dream, an inner unstoppable force moved them to freedom and to their goals! One of them was the antagonist of this article oceanographer Stanislav Kurilov. Kurilov's early maritime ambitions were dashed by a vision problem, rendering him ineligible for naval careers. Following military service, he pursued oceanography while exploring scuba diving, yoga, and meditation. Employed at the Institute of Oceanology and the Marine Biology Institute, he encountered constraints on overseas expeditions due to multiple factors. Yoga and meditation helped Kurilov develop excellent physical and mental shape Possible reasons included Kurilov's exposure to chemical warfare during military service, his father's status as a World War II prisoner of war, or Kurilov's "foreign connection" through his sister's marriage to an Indian citizen who later immigrated to Canada. Consequently, his fieldwork remained confined to Soviet coastal waters, specifically the Black Sea and Sea of Japan, focusing on Soviet underwater research stations in the Black Sea. Resentment mounted when joint projects with Jacques-Yves Cousteau were thwarted by passport denials. Instead, the Soviets dispatched another group, "without diving experience, but with [exit] visas," prompting Cousteau to refuse collaboration. Alas, all these rejections only intensified his yearning for freedom. In December 1974, Kurilov boarded Soviet cruise liner “Sovetsky Soyuz”, leaving for a tour advertised as a "Cruise from the winter into the summer". That same Soviet cruise liner “Sovetsky Soyuz" Meticulously planning his escape, Kurilov studied the route of the cruise ship, which would pass through the Philippine Sea near Siargao Island. Armed with a snorkeling mask, fins, and an unwavering determination, he waited for the right moment. Under the cover of darkness, on December 13th, 1974, he took the plunge, leaping into the unforgiving ocean amidst stormy weather. Due to problems with navigation and currents, the planned eighteen kilometers turned into almost a hundred. For three agonizing days, Kurilov battled the waves, relying on his swimming skills and sheer willpower to stay afloat. Guided by the stars and the faint hope of reaching land, he defied hunger, exhaustion, and the ever-present fear of sharks. Miraculously, on the third day, a powerful wave propelled him onto the shores of Siargao Island, where he was found by local villagers. Kurilov's escape sparked international attention, becoming a symbol of defiance against Soviet oppression. The story of his incredible journey captured the imagination of the world, highlighting the lengths people would go to for freedom. In the USSR he was sentenced to 10 years in prison for treason. But after a period of scrutiny by Philippine authorities, he was ultimately granted asylum in Canada, where he started a new life filled with the freedom he so desperately craved. In Canada, Kurilov first worked as a laborer in a pizzeria, then worked for Canadian and American companies involved in marine research (searching for minerals in the Hawaiian Islands, working in the Arctic, oceanographic research in equatorial waters). Map of the location and route of the cruise liner In 1986, having married E. Gendeleva, he settled in Israel and became an employee of the Haifa Oceanographic Institute. In 1986, the Israeli magazine “22” published Kurilov’s story “Escape” in full. Excerpts from the story were published in 1991 in the Soviet-Russian magazine “Ogonyok”. Kurilov died on January 29, 1998 while diving on Lake Tiberias in Israel. While freeing the equipment installed at the bottom from fishing nets, Kurilov got entangled in the nets and ran out of air. He was buried in Jerusalem in a little-known cemetery of the German Templer community. Kurilov's story serves as a powerful reminder that the human spirit can overcome even the most formidable obstacles. His daring escape not only secured his own freedom but also became a beacon of hope for others yearning to break free from oppressive regimes. Even today, his tale continues to inspire and remind us that the pursuit of freedom is a journey worth taking, no matter the price. 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In the realm of Armenian art, the khachkar stands as an enduring symbol of spirituality, craftsmanship, and cultural identity. Carved with precision and adorned with intricate motifs, these memorial steles have weathered centuries, each telling a story etched in stone. From their humble beginnings in the 9th century to their recognition as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage, the journey of khachkars is as captivating as the artistry itself. < Back Armenian Khachkar - From Cross to Culture In the realm of Armenian art, the khachkar stands as an enduring symbol of spirituality, craftsmanship, and cultural identity. Carved with precision and adorned with intricate motifs, these memorial steles have weathered centuries, each telling a story etched in stone. From their humble beginnings in the 9th century to their recognition as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage, the journey of khachkars is as captivating as the artistry itself. A khachkar (also spelled as khatchkar) or Armenian cross-stone is a carved, memorial stele bearing a cross, and often with additional motifs such as rosettes, interlaces, and botanical motifs. The most common khachkar feature is a cross surmounting a rosette or a solar disc. The remainder of the stone face is typically filled with elaborate patterns of leaves, grapes, pomegranates, and bands of interlace. Some are crowned with biblical or saintly figures, showcasing a fusion of religious and artistic expression. Khachkars in Geghard Monastic Complex Originally erected for spiritual salvation or to commemorate events like military victories and church constructions, khachkars found their most common home in graveyards. The 9th-century revival marked the birth of true khachkars, with the oldest known example dedicated to Queen Katranide I. The peak of khachkar artistry flourished between the 12th and 14th centuries, waning during the Mongol invasion but resurging in the 16th and 17th centuries. Among 40 000 survived khachkars the following three are believed to be the finest examples of the art form: One in Geghard, carved in 1213, probably by master Timot and master Mkhitar The Holy Redeemer khachkar in Haghpat carved in 1273 by master Vahram A khachkar in Goshavank, carved in 1291 by master Poghos. Replicas of khachkars in Echmiadzin. The originals of these khachkars are located in the Saint David Monastery in the Aparan settlement of the Derjan province of Western Armenia. They were built in 1191 and 1194 under the vision of Father Sahak and the monk Hovhannes and have been preserved to this day. The largest number of khachkars were once located in the Armenian cemetery in Julfa, Nakhichevan. However, these Armenian lands, now part of modern Azerbaijan, were transferred to Azerbaijan under the Moscow Treaty of March 16, 1921, concluded between Soviet Russia and the newly formed Turkish Republic. The cemetery contained approximately 10,000 khachkars as of 1648. The number of khachkars dwindled over time through destruction of various causes until the only 2,700 khachkars remained in 1998, when the Azerbaijani government embarked on a systematic campaign destroying and leveling the entire medieval cemetery between 1998 and 2005. Copies of khachkars that were once in the Armenian cemetery in Old Jugha are now on display at the Geghard Monastic Complex In Armenia the largest collection, around 900 khachkars, resides at Noraduz cemetery which is a popular touristic destination! Despite challenges, the art of carving khachkars experienced a rebirth in the 20th century, becoming a symbol of Armenian culture. Memorializing the victims of the Armenian Genocide, khachkars are scattered worldwide, from Vatican Museums to Canterbury Cathedral's memorial garden, embodying the resilience and global significance of Armenian heritage. I am posing for a photo with khachkars at Tsaghats Kar Monastic Complex The story of Armenian khachkars is one of endurance, artistry, and cultural resilience. From their medieval origins to their contemporary global presence, khachkars remain a testament to the enduring spirit of Armenian identity. Since 2010, khachkars, along with their symbolism and craftsmanship, have been inscribed on the UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage. As these cross-stones continue to be revered, preserved, and celebrated, they carry forward a profound cultural legacy, inviting us to appreciate the profound beauty etched in stone. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

This article offers concise and valuable information for anyone planning to conquer Mount Aragats! Whether you're looking to climb Aragats on your own or seeking a guide, having a clear understanding of what lies ahead can be incredibly helpful. Lace up your boots, and let's get started! < Back Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Aragats: Tips for Your Upcoming Tour This article offers concise and valuable information for anyone planning to conquer Mount Aragats! Whether you're looking to climb Aragats on your own or seeking a guide, having a clear understanding of what lies ahead can be incredibly helpful. Lace up your boots, and let's get started! All four summits of Mount Aragats are accessible and do not require technical climbing skills. However, good physical condition, proper gear, sufficient food, and plenty of water are essential. I usually take 2 liters of water for the Southern or Western summits and like 3 liters for Northern and Eastern summits. The hiking-friendly season begins at the end of May and lasts until mid-October. In June, melting snow still covers the ground, making the hike a bit challenging—sturdy boots are essential to keep your feet dry. From mid-September, snowfall begins to lightly cover the ground, but it’s usually not deep enough to hinder movement. The road to lake Kari in midst May There are two main starting points for climbing Mount Aragats: Lake Kari (3200m) Gegharot Waterfall (3000m) The most popular starting point is Lake Kari, the highest lake in Armenia (3,200 meters above sea level), which is accessible by sedan thanks to an old but relatively well-maintained asphalt road. The distance from Republic Square in Yerevan to Lake Kari is 61 km. There are two routes to reach the lake: one through Byurakan village and the other through Artashavan village. If you're driving a sedan, it’s recommended to take the route through Byurakan, despite the numerous sharp turns. A memorable photo on the shore of Lake Kari, guiding a group from Singapore to the southern summit of Mount Aragats! From this point, you can climb all four summits, though you will need to navigate significant altitude changes (losses and gains), especially when tackling the Northern and Eastern summits. All 4 summits of mount Aragats The most popular hiking destination is considered to be the Southern summit, which is the easiest and most accessible. Southern Aragats — 3,888 m (12,756 ft) Distance from lake Kari : 5.5 km (one way) Altitude Gain : 688 meters Duration : 2.5–3 hours (ascent). Descent takes around 2 hours. Aerial photo of Southern Aragats You can follow either the classical route, which winds up towards the summit slightly inclined to the west, or take the ridge, which offers breathtaking views of the crater and the Northern and Eastern summits! This trail is more challenging, but the views are worth it and are recommended for skilled hikers. Frozen lake Kari and mount Aragats To climb the Western summit, you can first ascend the Southern summit and then descend to the saddle between the two. Sometimes, when I'm tired at the saddle, I leave my backpack behind and carry only half a liter of water for the final 40-minute push to the Western summit. This way, you can conquer two summits in one day. Alternatively, you can head straight for the Western summit by following the path that leads to the saddle between the Western and Southern summits before ascending. Afterward, descend back to the saddle and conquer the Southern summit as well. The summit of the Northern Aragats; the highest point in Armenia! Western Aragats — 3,995 m (13,107 ft) Distance from lake Kari : 6.5 km (one way) Altitude Gain : 800 meters Duration : 3.5–4 hours (ascent). Descent takes around 3 hours. Unlike the Southern summit, the slopes of the Western summit are steeper, and there are many loose stones. The lead hiker should always be vigilant about falling rocks, especially when others are climbing behind. The breathtaking views from the summit make it all worthwhile. Northern Aragats Moving on to the Northern and Eastern Summits There are two usual starting points for the Northern and Eastern summits: Lake Kari (3,200 meters) and Gegharot Waterfall (3000 meters) . From Lake Kari, the distance to the Northern summit is 14 km (one way), while from Gegharot Waterfall, it is only 6 km. However, the Gegharot route requires an off-road car, while for lake Kari you can even grab a taxi. Northern Aragats — 4,090 m (13,420 ft) Distance : 6 km (one way, from Gegharot Waterfall) Altitude Gain : 1,090 meters Duration : 4.5 hours (ascent). Descent takes around 3.5 hours. During this hike, you’ll pass several small and large waterfalls. Southern and Western summits are connected by a saddle, making it easier to move between the two. Similarly, the Northern and Eastern summits are connected by a narrow saddle. However, for the Eastern summit, the route is littered with loose stones, posing a risk of falling rocks. Once again, hikers coming from behind must be extremely careful. For the Eastern summit, it’s better to start before reaching Gegharot Waterfall. In this case, you’ll walk along a narrow ridge and avoid ascending into the crater, which is typically required for climbing the Northern summit. However, selecting the right starting point requires some knowledge, as the hike begins at the foot of the Eastern summit. Eastern Aragats Eastern Aragats — 3,908 m (12,822 ft) Distance: 4.5 km (one way) Altitude Gain: 1,200 meters Duration: 3.5–4 hours (ascent), approximately 3 hours (descent) The Northern summit has two peaks: a "real" summit and a "false" summit. Hikers first reach the false summit. From there, the path to the real summit may look intimidating, but skilled hikers can manage it even without ropes. At the true highest point of Armenia, you’ll find a metal cross. Southern and Western summits of mount Aragats as seen from the top of the Northern Aragats Is It Possible to Climb All Four Summits in One Day? Yes, it’s possible if you’re in excellent physical shape. However, for my tours, I recommend taking two days for climbing. Day 1 : Start from Lake Kari, climb the Southern and Western summits, then camp in the crater. Day 2 : Climb the Northern and Eastern summits, then descend to Gegharot Waterfall, where transportation will be waiting. For a guided hiking tour to mount Aragats follow this link! Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Hillary and Tenzing climbed mount Everest as ordinary men but returned as heroes! Their lives would never be again after summiting the highest mountain! < Back On who climbed mount Everest first Hillary and Tenzing climbed mount Everest as ordinary men but returned as heroes! Their lives would never be again after summiting the highest mountain! At 11:30 a.m. on May 29, 1953, Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay, a Sherpa of Nepal, became the first explorers to reach the summit of Mount Everest; the highest point on earth. News of their achievement broke around the world on June 2, the day of Queen Elizabeth II’s coronation, and Britons hailed it as a good omen for their country’s future. They climbed that summit as ordinary men but returned as heroes! Their lives would never be again! Yet who was the first one to set foot on the summit? And so for a long time rumours swirled around some claimed that Hillary was the first others were on Tenzings side! Mountaineers know that when tied with a rope you are becoming one body but nevertheless people interested in this subject want to know “de facto” who stepped on the summit first! In his book “View From the Summit” Sir Edmund Hillary writes: “We drew closer together as Tenzing brought in the slack on the rope. I continued cutting a line of steps upwards. Next moment I had moved onto a flattish exposed area of snow with nothing but space in every direction. Tenzing quickly joined me and we looked around in wonder. To our immense satisfaction, we realized we had reached the top of the world! In his autobiography “Tiger of the Snows” here is how Tenzing describes their final assault! “A little below the summit Hillary and I stopped. We looked up. Then we went on. The rope that joined us was thirty feet long, but I held most of it in loops in my hand, so that there was only about six feet between us. I was not thinking of “first” and “second.” I did not say to myself, “There is a golden apple up there. I will push Hillary aside and run for it.” We went on slowly, steadily. And then we were there. Hillary stepped on top first. And I stepped up after him. So there it is: the answer to the “great mystery.” And if, after all the talk and argument, the answer seems quiet and simple, I can only say that that is as it should be. Many of my own people, I now, will be disappointed at it. They have given a great and false importance to the idea that it must be I who was “first.” These people have been good and wonderful to me, and I owe them much. But I owe more to Everest – and to the truth. If it is a discredit to me that I was a step behind Hillary, then I must live with that discredit. But I do not think it was that. Nor do I think that , in the end, it will bring discredit on me that I tell the story. Over and over again I have asked myself, “What will future generations think of us if we allow the facts of our achievement to stay shrouded in mystery? Will they not feel ashamed of us – two comrades in life and death – who have something to hide from the world?” And each time I asked it the answer was the same: “Only the truth is good enough for the future. Only the truth is good enough for Everest.” Now the truth is told. And I am ready to be judged by it. We stepped up. We were there. The dream had come true. … ” Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

If you are planning a trip to the pagan Temple Garni or Geghard Monastery, make sure to stop near the Arch of Charents on your way to enjoy the view towards the biblical Mount Ararat! The following article provides brief information about this popular tourist destination in Armenia. < Back The Arch of Charents or The Temple Of Ararat If you are planning a trip to the pagan Temple Garni or Geghard Monastery, make sure to stop near the Arch of Charents on your way to enjoy the view towards the biblical Mount Ararat! The following article provides brief information about this popular tourist destination in Armenia. The Arch of Charents, also known as the Temple of Ararat, is a monument situated in the village of Voghjaberd, Kotayk region, on the right side of the Yerevan-Garni road, at an altitude of 1500 meters. In the mid-1950s, architect Rafael Israelyan was driving along the road leading to Garni when he noticed a magnificent view of Mount Ararat from the hill of Voghjaberd village. Intrigued by the scene, the architect decided to build an arch in that location. The memorial was erected in 1957, and originally, the architect intended to pay tribute to mount Ararat, naming it "The Temple of Ararat." Several flights of stairs lead to the top of the hill, where the temple is located. Upon reaching it, on a clear day, the viewer is presented with Mount Ararat in all its glory, perfectly framed within the arch’s opening. The arch is constructed externally of basalt and internally lined with orange tuff. The composition of the arch is rectangular in plan: 10 x 5.5 m, with a height of 5 m. A close friend and neighbor of Israelyan, the renowned Armenian painter Martiros Saryan, inspired by the structure, created his famous painting "The Arch of Charents" in 1958. Engraved along the arch are lines from the poem "I am my sweet Armenia" by the great Armenian poet Yeghishe Charents. “Աշխարհ անցիր, Արարատի նման ճերմակ գագաթ չկա, Ինչպես անհաս փառքի ճամփա, ես իմ Մասիս սարն եմ սիրում։ Go around the world, there is no white peak like Ararat. Like the path of unripe glory, I love my Mount Masis." Consequently, among Armenians, the arch is better known as "The Arch of Charents" rather than the Temple of Ararat. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak