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Nearly every tourist traveling to Armenia visits the pagan Temple Garni in Garni village! In this brief article, you'll discover key facts about Garni Temple, enhancing your trip with valuable insights into Armenia's rich history. Create unforgettable memories as you delve into the cultural richness of this historic site! < Back Garni Temple Nearly every tourist traveling to Armenia visits the pagan Temple Garni in Garni village! In this brief article, you'll discover key facts about Garni Temple, enhancing your trip with valuable insights into Armenia's rich history. Create unforgettable memories as you delve into the cultural richness of this historic site! The pagan temple Garni in Armenia was built in 77 AD during the reign of King Tiridates I of Armenia. It is the only standing Greco-Roman colonnaded building in Armenia and the former Soviet Union. Took this photo of Garni temple anad Garni village while hiking to mount Yeranos! 2. After the adoption of Christianity in Armenia in 301 AD, the territory of the Garni temple (located inside a fortress) was transformed into a royal summer house for Khosrovidukht, the sister of Tiridates III. This allowed the temple to survive while other pagan temples were brutally destroyed. 3. Unfortunately, Garni temple collapsed in a devastating earthquake on June 4, 1679, with the epicenter located in the gorge of Garni. For 296 years, it remained in ruins. Up to the 1960s, about 80% of the original masonry and ornamentation remained scattered at the site, enabling the building's reconstruction. Garni temple still in ruins. Photo by Nemrut Baghdasaryan 4. In1880, archaeologist Aleksey Uvarov proposed moving the temple's stones to Tiflis (in Georgia) and reconstructing it there according to de Montpereux's plan. Fortunately, the governor of Erivan, citing technical difficulties with moving its parts, did not implement the plan, and the remnants of Garni remained in Armenia. 5. Reconstruction works began in January 1969 using the anastylosis method and were completed by 1975. The temple was almost entirely rebuilt using its original stones, except for the missing pieces, which were filled with blank (undecorated) stones. An episode from film "Rings of Glory"! The reconstruction started only 7 years after the movie release... 6. Garni temple is depicted in the 1962 Soviet Armenian film "Rings of Glory" («Кольца славы»), featuring the 1956 and 1960 Olympic Champion on the still rings, gymnast Albert Azaryan. It's noteworthy that during that time, the temple was still lying in ruins. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

The 2016 film The Lost City of Z, directed by James Gray, brings to life the true story of British explorer Percy Fawcett’s quest to find an ancient civilization in the Amazon. Based on David Grann’s 2009 book, the movie captures Fawcett’s expeditions and mysterious 1925 disappearance. While praised for its storytelling and cinematography, the film takes creative liberties, blending fact with fiction. This article delves into the history and the ongoing mystery surrounding Fawcett's fate. < Back The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z The 2016 film The Lost City of Z, directed by James Gray, brings to life the true story of British explorer Percy Fawcett’s quest to find an ancient civilization in the Amazon. Based on David Grann’s 2009 book, the movie captures Fawcett’s expeditions and mysterious 1925 disappearance. While praised for its storytelling and cinematography, the film takes creative liberties, blending fact with fiction. This article delves into the history and the ongoing mystery surrounding Fawcett's fate. The 2016 film The Lost City of Z, directed by James Gray, intricately portrays the compelling true story of British explorer Percy Fawcett’s relentless search for an ancient civilization hidden deep within the Amazon rainforest. Based on David Grann's 2009 bestselling book, the film dramatizes Fawcett’s early 20th-century expeditions and his mysterious disappearance. Although The Lost City of Z did not achieve commercial success, grossing approximately $19.3 million worldwide on a $30 million budget, it garnered critical acclaim for its storytelling, performances, and cinematography. Over time, the film developed a devoted following, particularly among enthusiasts of historical adventure cinema. Theatrical release poster of the movie The Lost City of Z While The Lost City of Z remains faithful to the core of Fawcett’s journey, it takes certain creative liberties for dramatic effect. Certain events, such as Fawcett's interactions with hostile tribes and his experiences in World War I, are amplified for cinematic purposes. For instance, there is no historical evidence to suggest Fawcett was ever captured by a tribe during his explorations. The book cover of The Lost City of Z A Tale of Deadly Obsession in the Amazon by David Grann The search for lost cities in the Amazon attracted explorers long before Fawcett. In February 1541, Gonzalo Pizarro, the brother of the renowned conquistador Francisco Pizarro and governor of Quito at the time, led an expedition from Quito to the east in search of the fabled kingdom of a golden king. Pizarro's journey into the heart of South America was driven by the hope of discovering El Dorado, the legendary city of immense wealth. However, despite failing to find any such city, the expedition's accounts further fueled the enduring myth of El Dorado. Over time, numerous expeditions—often driven by a mix of ambition, greed, and curiosity—were launched in search of this fabled city, but none yielded definitive proof of its existence. It should be noted that although both El Dorado and the myth of Lost City Z involve legendary hidden civilizations in the Americas, they are not the same. The last significant attempt to locate such a civilization was led by Percy Fawcett. Colonel Percy Harrison Fawcett was a British geographer, archaeologist, and explorer born in 1867. He was a member of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) and made multiple expeditions to South America in the early 1900s, primarily mapping uncharted regions of the Amazon. Fawcett was highly respected for his survival skills and knowledge of indigenous cultures. Page 2 of Manuscript 512 Between 1906 and 1924, Fawcett embarked on seven expeditions across the Amazon Basin, mapping uncharted territories for the Royal Geographical Society and searching for what he believed to be evidence of an advanced, lost culture. His theories were influenced by archaeological discoveries, Indigenous reports, and historical texts, including the mysterious 18th-century Manuscript 512, which described the ruins of an ancient stone city deep in the Brazilian jungle. Manuscript 512, housed in the Brazilian National Library in Rio de Janeiro, is an unsigned document written in 1753 by a Portuguese bandeirante (explorer) who claimed to have discovered ruins of an ancient stone city deep in the Brazilian jungle. The manuscript describes a city with wide streets, multi-story stone buildings, and inscriptions resembling Greek or ancient European scripts—features highly unusual for known pre-Columbian civilizations of the region. The document also mentions silver-rich mines nearby. However, no definitive evidence of this city has ever been found, and its location remains a mystery, contributing to speculation about lost civilizations in the Amazon. Fawcett, however, believed in the existence of an advanced, lost civilization in the Amazon, which he called “Z.” Colonel Percy Harrison Fawcett, 1911 In 1925, Fawcett set off on his final expedition with his son Jack and Jack’s friend Raleigh Rimell. Their goal was to locate "Z" in the uncharted jungles of Brazil. However, after sending a final letter from a place called Dead Horse Camp, the trio vanished without a trace. Despite numerous search efforts over the decades, no confirmed evidence of their fate has ever been found. A still from the movie "The Lost City of Z" The Mystery Lives On In 1952, anthropologist Orlando Villas-Bôas claimed to have discovered the remains of Percy Fawcett and alleged that the Kalapalo people had confessed to killing him. Villas-Bôas, a key advocate for Indigenous rights in Brazil and a driving force behind the establishment of Xingu National Park, detailed this account in his report. According to him, Kalapalo chief Sarari recounted that Fawcett and his companions met their fate after refusing to share a duck he had shot—an unforgivable transgression in the communal culture of the indigenous people—and exacerbated the situation by slapping a child. According to Villas-Bôas, the Kalapalo had set an ambush at the Green Lagoon and clubbed the white men to death. Villas-Bôas also reported finding human bones and personal items, including a knife, buttons, and small metal objects, in the area where the Kalapalo had indicated the killings took place. These remains were sent to the Royal Anthropological Institute in London for analysis. The examination concluded that the bones did not match Fawcett's dental records and appeared to belong to a man of different physical stature. The Kalapalo tribe, however, has disputed Villas-Bôas's account. In a 2005 interview, Kalapalo elder Vajavi stated that the tribe had not killed Fawcett and that the bones found by Villas-Bôas were those of his grandfather, Mugikia. Vajavi expressed sadness over the accusations and the portrayal of his people as murderers. These conflicting narratives highlight the complexities of interpreting events that occurred in remote and culturally distinct regions, especially when relying on second-hand accounts and without definitive physical evidence. To this day, Fawcett’s disappearance remains one of history’s greatest unsolved mysteries. Some believe he was killed by indigenous tribes, while others suggest he perished due to starvation or disease. A few unverified reports even claim he chose to stay in the jungle and live among native peoples. While The Lost City of Z may not tell the full, complex truth, it succeeds in reviving interest in one of history’s most intriguing explorers. Whether Fawcett truly found his lost city or not, his legacy endures as a symbol of human curiosity and the endless mysteries of the Amazon. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Explore Fridtjof Nansen's compassionate journey in 1925 through post-World War I and post-Genocide Armenia. Discover his dedication to Armenian refugees, canal-building initiatives, and the unique encounters with the country's culture. Join Nansen on this humanitarian odyssey documented in "Gjennern Armenia," shedding light on his profound impact on Armenian history and society. < Back Polar Explorer Fridtjof Nansen’s Visit to Armenia Explore Fridtjof Nansen's compassionate journey in 1925 through post-World War I and post-Genocide Armenia. Discover his dedication to Armenian refugees, canal-building initiatives, and the unique encounters with the country's culture. Join Nansen on this humanitarian odyssey documented in "Gjennern Armenia," shedding light on his profound impact on Armenian history and society. Being a great humanist Norwegian polar explorer, Fridtjof Nansen made efforts to help the people left homeless, alienated and starving as a result of the First World War. The Armenian people, who were on the verge of annihilation as a result of the 1915 Genocide, were always in the center of his attention. In 1924, Nansen actively addressed Armenian refugee issues, advocating for a just resolution, improving emigrants' conditions, facilitating their return, and initiating canal projects to cultivate arid lands. Nansen's impactful efforts granted "Nansen passports" to thousands, easing their plight. Nansen during his travels in Armenia. Notice the carpet on which he is sitting! At 7 o'clock on June 16, 1925, Nansen and his commission left Tiflis by train for Armenia. During the night, they traversed the Lori region, known for its forested mountains and gorges, and the next morning, they encountered a different landscape. Unlike Lori, the Aragatsotn region lacks forested areas. On that occasion, he wrote: "The land is barren, without trees; there is no green anywhere, no wooded hill in sight. Is this dry, yellowish land supposed to be cultivated for refugees? The scene in front of my window did not leave an encouraging impression." On June 17, 1925, a warm welcome awaited Nansen and his delegation at Yerevan station. On June 18, the Nansen commission leaves for Sardarapat region. At that time, it was very important to create an irrigation system for the Sardarapat field and make it a fertile land. They visited Hoktemberyan's cotton factory and expressed their satisfaction about ii. Nansen in Armenia Then moved to the Armenian-Turkish border, explored the shores of Araks river, visited Margara and other Armenian villages. Afterwards, the guests visited the ruins of Armavir, one of the ancient capitals of Armenia, surrounded by cotton fields. A young woman working there gave Nansen a cotton cocoon, of which Nansen wrote: "It was a welcome wish according to the custom of the country, so natural, simple and touching. I held that tender cotton for a long time.'' The guests then visited the village of Bambakashat, whose inhabitants welcomed them with salt and bread, milk and fruits. The same day in the evening, the guests return to Yerevan and are invited to a dinner in the city's summer park, where they not only enjoy delicious Armenian food and fruits, but also listen to Armenian music, for which Nansen personally thanks choir leader K. Shahnazaryan. Later, he wrote in his travel notes: "The food and Armenian wine are good, but there is no mention of fruits. At that time, the apricots had started to ripen. Armenia itself is the motherland of apricots, the apricots here are so big and juicy that I have never seen such anywhere." After the Armenian Genocide, thousands of children became orphans. They found shelters in various parts of the world, including Eastern Armenia. In this photo, you can see Nansen having lunch with orphans in Leninakan (Gyumri). After the sessions held the next day, the guests visit the Museum of the History of Armenia, and the knowledge gained on the skeletons and skulls studied there, Nansen later uses in his work written about Armenians. After that, the guests were led to Yerevan State University, where a warm reception was organized. A friendly party is organized in the courtyard of the university, which takes place in a warm and businesslike atmosphere. Nansen is awarded the title of honorary doctor and honorary member of the scientific council of Yerevan State University. After visiting the university, the guests went to the Zangvi coast and saw the Yerevan fortress. On June 20, Nansen's delegation continues to explore the Sardarapat Plain, approaching Araks river and discussing the possibility of building a canal. They observe the Surmalu Plateau, which was once covered with vineyards, gardens, and fields, but has now risen to a bare plain. In the evening, they come to the Hoktemberyan station to take the train to Leninakan. But it turns out that their special carriage has to be attached to the train quite late. Therefore, as they spend most of the night there, Nansen prefers lying in the open air on a tarpaulin under a starry sky, rather than sleeping in a hot compartment coach. On June 21, Nansen and his companions were already in Leninakan, where they felt the breath of new life and participated in the opening of the Shirak canal, which turned into a popular celebration. When the water flowed, Nansen threw his broad-brimmed hat into the water as a sign of joy and a bright vision of the future. Returning to the city, they attend a dinner. Nansen also visits the newly established textile factory in Leninakan, where a warm welcome is organized and he himself speaks with words of thanks and good wishes. Bust of Fridtjof Nansen in Yerevan (sculptor Garegin Davtyan). Armenia will never forget how Nansen helped us! To honor him in Armenia there are streets and parks named after him, as well as a museum dedicated to Nansen and statues commemorating his contributions. On the morning of June 24, they leave for Yerevan, through the northern regions of Armenia. They were in Lori, specifically in Stepanavan, Gharakilisa (now Vanadzor) and then went to Dilijan, where they visited the Republican Sanatorium. After spending the night in Dilijan, the guests take the route to Sevan, the unique beauty of which enchants Nansen. On the banks of the Sevan River, they eat royal trout or, as Nansen called it, "the jewel of the Armenian feast." Then they move to Yerevan. On June 27, Nansen's commission was in Kanaker, Garni, Dvin, banks of Zangvi river, Ghrer, Sevjur. On June 28, the guests visited Etchmiadzin, got acquainted with its architectural monuments and were received by the Catholicos. They get to know the manuscripts in the local bookstores. Nansen during his travels in Armenia Nansen was particularly fascinated by the structure of the cathedral and the church of Hripsime, with the domes rising on the quadrangle. On June 29, they visited the Yerevan hydroelectric power station, which was a unique structure and left a great impression. Then they entered "Ararat" wine factory and tasted Armenian drinks. "Everyone was nice... red wine... sherry... madera... port wine... At the end, I was given muscat... I had never drunk such wonderful wine," he wrote. In the evening of the same day, a government dinner is organized in honor of the guests on the bank of Zangvi. In addition to traveling through Armenia, Nansen also participates in many meetings, during which important issues were discussed. He also visits the studio of Martiros Saryan, where he gets acquainted with the works of the great artist. Saryan immortalized that meeting with two portraits of Nansen, which are now kept in Saryan's museum. On July 1, a farewell concert will be held at the city theater, followed by a dinner. On July 2, 1925, statesmen, accompanied by a large crowd, bid farewell to the great philanthropist from the Yerevan railway station. Nansen writes: "Yerevan, Zangvi valley, beautiful gardens were disappearing behind us. In the south, Ararat stood cloudless in all its height, and its broad snow-covered peak was shining under the light of the sun." Nansen described his trip to Armenia in the book "Gjennern Armenia" ("Through Armenia") published in 1927. Two years later, another book of his, also related to the 1925 trip, "Gjennern Kaukasus til Volga" ("Through the Caucasus to the Volga") was published. Nansen did not give up caring for the Armenian people until the end of his life. In 1928, he toured America, during which he gave fund-raising lectures for the benefit of Armenians. 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Armenia, a country rich in history and culture, harbors intriguing and entertaining facts that might surprise you. Here are some of them about this unique country. < Back Facts About Armenia Armenia, a country rich in history and culture, harbors intriguing and entertaining facts that might surprise you. Here are some of them about this unique country. First Christian Nation: Armenia was the first country to adopt Christianity as a state religion in 301 AD. Today, 97% of the country is Christian, and it is home to some of the world’s most beautiful churches. 13th-century Armenian monastery Tegher Oldest Winery: Armenia is home to what is believed to be the world’s oldest winery. In 2011, archaeologists discovered this winery near the village of Areni in a small cave known as Areni-1 cave. This winery predates any others discovered worldwide. Chess in Schools: Armenia is the first country in the world to make chess mandatory in schools. The sport is integrated into the national curriculum, and many Armenians play chess in their daily lives. Grandmaster Levon Aronian gives a chess simul in Charles Aznavour Square, Yerevan Ancient Leather Shoe: Armenia is home to what is believed to be the world’s oldest leather shoe. Discovered in the Areni-1 cave, the same site as the oldest winery, the shoe is estimated to be around 5,500 years old. Mono-Ethnic Population: Armenia is one of the most mono-ethnic countries globally, with approximately 97% of the population being Armenians. The remaining 3% includes Ezidis, Molokans, Russians, and others. UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Armenia boasts several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots, Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin, Monastery of Geghard, and the Upper Azat Valley. This bas-relief within Geghard Monastery depicts the coat of arms of the Proshian dynasty Cognac Capital: Armenian brandy, often referred to as cognac, gained international fame when it became Winston Churchill’s favorite beverage. The Ararat Brandy Company produces some of the finest brandy globally. Alphabet Park: In Armenia there is a park known as Alphabet Park, where stone sculptures represent each letter of the Armenian alphabet, offering a fascinating way to explore linguistic heritage. Pagan Roots in Garni: The Garni Temple, a Hellenistic pagan temple from the 1st century AD, stands as a testament to Armenia's diverse religious history. The rear side of pagan temple Garni Apricot Paradise: Armenia is often referred to as the "Land of Apricots." The apricot is one of many symbols of the country. The traditional Armenian musical instrument duduk is made of apricot tree wood! Duduks for sale in Yerevan Vernissage Duduk: Armenia is home to the traditional musical instrument, the duduk. It is a double-reed woodwind instrument made of apricot wood. The earliest duduk-like instruments were even made of bone or cane, but today's duduks are exclusively crafted from apricot tree wood. In conclusion, Armenia is a country with a rich history and cultural significance. Home to world-renowned landmarks, contributions to chess and winemaking, Armenia's unique heritage makes it a beautiful country well worth a visit. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Few urban explorers have visited this Godforsaken place, we were lucky to find it. An abandoned pioneer camp perched deep in the woods made a huge impression... Today, it is one of the destinations included in my urban explorer tours. < Back An urbex tour to an abandoned pioneer camp Few urban explorers have visited this Godforsaken place, we were lucky to find it. An abandoned pioneer camp perched deep in the woods made a huge impression... Today, it is one of the destinations included in my urban explorer tours. During the Soviet era, pioneer camps played a central role in shaping the younger generation. They blended recreation, education, and ideological training, serving as a cornerstone of youth development across the vast socialist state. As part of the broader Pioneer movement, the camps aimed to instill loyalty to communist ideals while also providing children with summer and winter holidays away from home. In Soviet times, Armenia was home to around 200 pioneer camps. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, only about 10 managed to remain active. Most of these camps were built outside the cities, often hidden in the forests. Today, once lively and full of voices, many of them stand abandoned, overgrown with dense bushes, turning into intriguing sites for urban exploration. Mysterious looking stairs led us to the once prosperous pioneer camp Finally, in the midst of September, I decided to stop procrastinating and together with popular urban explorer Avarathewanderer , set out on an urbex mission to the north of Armenia to explore one of these once-prosperous pioneer camps. We had already roughly located the pioneer camp using Google Earth, and after wandering around for some time, we finally came upon the old pioneer camp. The territory was vast, encompassing several buildings with remarkable architecture, including arched facades, a canteen with an adjacent kitchen, a medical post, a playground, a football field, and more. Several of the buildings still feature murals on their walls, surprisingly well-preserved to this day. Whenever I guide tourists there, they are always fascinated by them. However, the most impressive murals can be found inside the canteen. Its walls are adorned with vibrant scenes from famous Soviet cartoons. One of them instantly brings to mind Pushkin’s timeless poem “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish.” Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

Join my guided tour to explore the natural and historical beauty of Armenia along the Smbataberd – Tsaghats Kar – Zorats Church hiking trail. This 10 km route combines scenic mountain landscapes with rich cultural landmarks, including the medieval Smbataberd Fortress and the Tsaghats Kar Monastic Complex. The trail is a favorite not only for hiking enthusiasts from around the world but also for off-road adventurers, offering rugged terrain, panoramic views, and a glimpse into Armenia’s medieval heritage. < Back Hike Armenia by choosing the popular Smbataberd trail Join my guided tour to explore the natural and historical beauty of Armenia along the Smbataberd – Tsaghats Kar – Zorats Church hiking trail. This 10 km route combines scenic mountain landscapes with rich cultural landmarks, including the medieval Smbataberd Fortress and the Tsaghats Kar Monastic Complex. The trail is a favorite not only for hiking enthusiasts from around the world but also for off-road adventurers, offering rugged terrain, panoramic views, and a glimpse into Armenia’s medieval heritage. Smbataberd (Fortress of Smbat) is one of Armenia’s most popular hiking destinations. The trail is accessible year-round, although July and August can be quite hot, so carrying an adequate supply of water is strongly recommended. The walls that stood for centuries... Starting from Eghegis village, the trail leads to the medieval Smbataberd (Fortress of Smbat), one of the best-preserved strongholds in Armenia. The hike to the fortress takes around one hour (2.5 km). From there, the route continues towards the Tsaghats Kar Monastic Complex, located about 3.5 km away, which takes roughly two hours of hiking. This section includes a steep ascent, but the effort is richly rewarded — the remarkable architecture and serene atmosphere of the monastery make it an unforgettable highlight of the journey. The tourist among the ruins of Tsaghats Kar monastic complex! The Tsaghats Kar Monastic Complex dates back to the Bagratid dynasty, which ruled Armenia from 984 to 1029. The site is divided into two groups of structures, set about 200 meters apart. The upper complex, though partly in ruins, is especially striking and leaves a lasting impression on every visitor. Its main church, St. Karapet, underwent restoration in 2013. Zorats church: end of the trail Afterward, we will descend back to Yeghegis village and finish our hike near Zorats Church (3.5 km). Along the way, the panoramic views of the gorge and the dramatic cliffs opposite offer truly stunning scenery — ideal for capturing breathtaking photos or creating engaging Instagram Reels. -------------------- Tour Details: Start: 7:30 AM from Yerevan Finish: Around 6 PM in Yerevan Hiking Distance: 10 km (2.5 km from Eghegis Village to Smbataberd, 3.5 km from Smbataberd to Tsaghats Kar, and another 3.5 km to Zorats Church) Duration: 5-6 hours Altitude Gain: 600 meters Start point: Eghegis village End point: Eghegis village (Zorats church) Difficulty: Moderate Trail Type: Circular with out-and-back branches Transportation: Sedan --------------- Tour Price to Smbataberd Fortress 1-4 Participants: 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! ----------------- The Price Includes: Transportation (Pick Up & Drop-off) Service of a guide. -------------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) ---------- List of things you should consider taking: 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: Sufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots: Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection : Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! Project Gallery You May Also Like Urbex Tour to ROT54 – Explore Armenia’s Most Fascinating Abandoned Place Hiking from Lake Parz to Gosh Village From Yerevan to Mount Aragats Hike Armenia by choosing the popular Smbataberd trail Stand-Up Paddleboarding Tour to Azat Reservoir Hiking Tour to Mount Azhdahak — The Best Trail in Armenia Climb Mount Artanish & Explore Sevanavank Monastery Climbing mount Aragats (all 4 summits) Previous Next

Armenia became the first country to adopt Christianity in 301 AD, and since then, religion has played a significant role in shaping the country's culture and history. This article aims to provide brief information about religion in Armenia for those who want to get quick insights! < Back Religion in Armenia Armenia became the first country to adopt Christianity in 301 AD, and since then, religion has played a significant role in shaping the country's culture and history. This article aims to provide brief information about religion in Armenia for those who want to get quick insights! Religion in Armenia: A Brief Overview Armenia has a rich history, culture, and identity, with religion being a crucial aspect. Let's explore the main features of religion in Armenia, its history, and its role in society. The majority of Armenians, around 97%, are Christians belonging to the Armenian Apostolic Church—one of the world's oldest Christian churches, founded in the 1st century AD by apostles Bartholomew and Thaddeus, who preached Christianity to Armenia in the 1st century AD. It is part of the Oriental Orthodox communion, which means it does not accept the Council of Chalcedon (451) that defined the doctrine of two natures in one person in Christ. Instead, it holds to a belief called miaphysitism, which affirms that Christ has one divine and one human nature. Christ depicted in a fresco at Kobayr Monastery Armenia became the first country to adopt Christianity as its official state religion in 301 AD, when King Tiridates III converted to Christianity under the influence of St. Gregory the Illuminator. The Armenian Apostolic Church has its spiritual center at Etchmiadzin Cathedral, where the Catholicos (the supreme leader) resides. The current Catholicos is Garegin II. Etchmiadzin Cathedral The Armenian Apostolic Church has a rich and diverse liturgy, culture, and history. It uses an ancient alphabet invented by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century AD. It also has many translations of the scriptures into Armenian from various languages. The Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates a vibrant calendar of festivals and holidays throughout the year, reflecting its rich history, traditions, and deep faith. Here are some highlights: Christmas (January 6): Celebrated with Nativity liturgies, candlelit processions, and family gatherings. Easter (Variable Date): A joyous celebration with church services, traditional meals, and festive egg painting. Transfiguration of Jesus (Variable Date): Celebrated with the Vardavar Water Festival, involving joyful water-splashing and community gatherings. Assumption of the Holy Mother of God (August 15): Marked with grape blessing ceremonies and special feasts. Feast of St. Sargis (February 14): Celebrated as Lovers' Day, with romantic traditions and special church services. Trndez (February 21): A bonfire festival symbolizing purification, with young people jumping over flames. Feast of St. Gregory the Illuminator (September 30): Honors the founder of the Armenian Church, with special liturgies and festivities. Feast of the Holy Translators (October 1): Celebrates the translators of the Bible into Armenian, with church services and cultural events. Khor Virap Monastic Complex Religious Diversity in Armenia While most Armenians are Apostolic Christians, there are also other Christian denominations in the country, such as Eastern Orthodox, Catholic (both Armenian and Latin), Protestant, Jehovah’s Witness, Assyrian Church of the East (Nestorian), and more. These groups have their own churches and communities. The largest non-Christian group is the Yazidis, constituting about 1% of Armenia's population. Primarily residing in the western part of the country, many Yazidis arrived in Armenia during the 19th and early 20th centuries to escape religious persecution. Yazidis and Armenians share strong relations, and the world's largest Yazidi temple is located in the small village of Aknalich. The world's largest Yazidi temple in Aknalich village Religion's Influence on Armenian Life Religion has played a vital role in shaping Armenia's national identity, culture, politics, and society. It has inspired various artistic expressions, including literature, music, painting, architecture, and festivals. Much like elsewhere, religion in Armenia acts as a connective thread for human interaction. Places of worship aren't just for spiritual devotion but also serve as communal hubs where people gather to celebrate, mourn, and support each other. The church, especially, acts as a unifying force, emphasizing shared values and a collective sense of identity. The entrance to Genocide Museum Challenges and Resilience Armenian religious life has faced challenges, including the Armenian Genocide and political upheavals. However, the resilience of the Armenian people is evident in their ability to adapt, preserve, and draw strength from their religious heritage. In conclusion, religion in Armenia is not just a set of beliefs; it's a dynamic force that weaves through the fabric of daily life, connecting people, shaping traditions, and contributing to the nation's enduring spirit. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

If you are the one who is planning to travel Armenia then this article can serve as a useful tourist guide. Start your Armenian journey today and explore the best hikes in Armenia. < Back Best Places For Hiking In Armenia If you are the one who is planning to travel Armenia then this article can serve as a useful tourist guide. Start your Armenian journey today and explore the best hikes in Armenia. Armenia, a country rich in culture and history, is also a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. With its diverse terrain, breathtaking landscapes, and historical landmarks, Armenia offers some of the best hiking trails in the world. Here are some of the top hiking destinations in Armenia that every adventurer should explore. Mount Aragats Mount Aragats as seen by me while hiking along Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail Rising proudly amidst the rugged landscapes of Armenia, Mount Aragats with its 4 summits stands as a majestic symbol of natural beauty and cultural significance. With its snow-capped peaks, lush meadows, and ancient volcanic formations, this mighty mountain offers a captivating experience for adventurers and nature enthusiasts. The 4 summits of Aragats are named according to their relative geographic position: Northern—4,090 m (13,420 ft) Highest in Armenia Western—3,995 m (13,107 ft) Eastern—3,908 m (12,822 ft) Southern—3,888 m (12,756 ft) All four summits are accessible for hikers and do not require technical skills. Among them, the Southern Summit is particularly popular due to its easy accessibility. More about mount Aragats you can learn by reading this article! Mount Azhdahak The view from the summit of mount Azhdahak Located in the Geghama Mountain Range, Mount Azhdahak with its crater lake offers an unforgettable experience for those seeking awe-inspiring landscapes and an immersion in Armenia's rich history. Standing proudly at an elevation of 3,597 meters (11,801 feet) this “Red Giant” attracts every hiker who learns about it! On a clear day, from the top you can see Lake Sevan in the distance, nearby Lake Akna and Vishapalich (Dragon Lake) while the rugged peaks of neighboring mountains, be it Red Ridge or Spitakasar, create a dramatic backdrop. More about mount Azhdahak you can learn by reading this article! Mount Dimats Mount Dimats and its horses Thanks to its charming cliffs, Shaghot waterfall (46 meters high) and photogenic views, mount Dimats (2360 m) has become a popular hiking destination among tourists in Armenia! This is a peak in the Tavush Region of Armenia, in the southwestern part of Ijevan Mountains, 5 km northwest of Haghartsin village! More about mount Dimats you can learn by reading this article! Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail Aparan Reservoir in the beginning of June Discover the Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail, just 45 km from Yerevan, perfect for hiking in all seasons. The reservoir was built in 1962-1967, covering an area of 7.9 square kilometers. For the construction, two villages, Kasakh and Zovuni, were relocated to the vicinity of Yerevan. Built in the 4th century, St. Poghos-Petros basilica partially goes underwater for 3-4 months a year, marking the end of the trail. Even bicycle riders love to visit this place, as there is a road (not asphalt) leading there. On foot, of course, you can explore more, gain altitude, and see the reservoir from a charming angle! More about Aparan Reservoir you can learn in here. From Lake Parz to Goshavank Monastery Lake Parz in Dilijan National Park From Lake Parz the trail winds its way through dense forests, providing a refreshing escape from the hustle and bustle of city life. As you continue your hike, you'll encounter a diverse array of flora and fauna, including vibrant wildflowers and various bird species. Even on hot summer days, the trail remains pleasantly cool, offering fresh, oxygen-rich air that prevents fatigue from setting in. The trail concludes in Gosh village, near the 12th-13th century Armenian Monastery of Goshavank. More about Lake Parz – Goshavank Monastery trail you can learn by reading this article! Smbataberd Fortress Smbataberd fortress is one of the best preserved Armenian fortresses Smbataberd (fortress of Smbat) is one of the most popular hiking trails in Armenia! Except for hot July and August other months are “hiking friendly”. From Eghegis village, the trail will take you to the medieval Smbataberd (Fortress of Smbat). Then you can proceed towards the monastic complex Tsaghats Kar, which is approximately a 2-hour hike from Smbataberd. The trail ends near Zorats church... More about Smbataberd – Tsaghats Kar – Zorats Church trail you can learn by reading this article! Matosavank - Jukhtak Loop Aerial photo of Matosavank Matosavank - Jukhtak Loop, situated in Dilijan National Park, Tavush, is an easy 4.5 km trail. The path takes you to the 13th-century Jukhtak Monastery and then proceeds to Matosavank, another 13th-century monastery. The trail winds through dense forests, offering fresh air and a quick nature walk for those seeking a relaxing stroll. Odzun-Hormayr-Kobayr trail Aerial photo of Kobayr Monastery The Odzun–Horomayr–Kobayr trail, spanning 9 kilometers through the breathtaking Debed Canyon, is widely regarded as one of Armenia's most picturesque hiking routes. Begin your journey with a visit to the remarkable Odzun Church, an architectural gem. From there, descend to the 12th-century Horomayr Monastery, nestled in the cliffs, and continue onward to the equally stunning 12th-century Kobayr Monastery, which marks the conclusion of this unforgettable trail. Mount Yeranos Trail View from the summit of mount Yeranos Mount Yeranos (1823m) is a peak near the northern edge of Ararat Region, Armenia, in the western half of the Yeranos mountain range, 8 km northeast of Lanjazat village. From the summit a breathtaking view opens up towards Azat reservoir! The trail is radial and stretches 18 km. Old Khot-Shinuhayr trail Me exploring Old Khot village Hiking along the Vorotan Gorge is another exciting trail I strongly recommend exploring in Armenia. Start your hike from Khot village, where the map of the trail stands, and descend to the old Khot village. This is an abandoned village often referred to as the Armenian Machu Picchu due to its resemblance to the Inca citadel located in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru. After exploring this ghost village, head towards Shinuhayr village, exploring more abandoned buildings along the way. For more about Old Khot check out this article! Hiking tour to Lastiver Here I am, standing by the cascades of the Khachaghbyur River Nestled near the Khachaghbyur River, Lastiver boasts a two-story cave on a steep canyon slope, surrounded by towering trees, rugged cliffs, and a cascading waterfall that creates a magical ambiance. This historic refuge during the Mongol invasions of the 13th and 14th centuries owes its name to the log staircases resembling rafts that once provided access. The site’s charm extends to whimsical huts perched on 'chicken legs' and bas-reliefs carved by Soviet sculptor Benik Petrosyan in the 1970s, often mistaken for ancient works. Today, Lastiver’s blend of history, art, and pristine nature makes it a sought-after destination for hikers and ecotourists alike. The linear trail at Lastiver extends for 7 kilometers and is classified as easy, making it accessible for hikers of various skill levels. It remains enjoyable in all seasons, offering a journey through dense forests and presenting breathtaking views of the surrounding natural beauty. For hiking tour to Lastiver follow this link! 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Emile Leray is a French engineer and adventurer who has performed some incredible feats of ingenuity and survival. One of his most remarkable stories is how in 1993 he managed to escape from the Sahara desert on a makeshift motorcycle made out of parts of his broken-down car. This is Emile Leray's survival story... < Back Emile Leray’s miraculous escape from the Sahara desert Emile Leray is a French engineer and adventurer who has performed some incredible feats of ingenuity and survival. One of his most remarkable stories is how in 1993 he managed to escape from the Sahara desert on a makeshift motorcycle made out of parts of his broken-down car. This is Emile Leray's survival story... Emile Leray was on a solo trip in Morocco in 1993, driving his Citroën 2CV, when he hit a large rock and damaged his car’s chassis. He was stranded 20 miles from the nearest village, with only enough food and water to last for 10 days. He had no radio, no phone, and no spare tire. He was facing certain death in the vast and harsh desert. Emile Leray and his broken-down Citroën 2CV. Photo credts: Emile Leray But Leray did not give up hope. He decided to use his skills as an electrician and his knowledge of mechanics to create a new vehicle that could carry him out of the desert. He spent 12 days and 11 nights working on his project, using tools such as pliers, hammers, saws, and drills. He removed the body of his car and used it as a shelter. He took three wheels from his car and attached them to a frame that he shortened and fixed with axles. He converted the rear bumper into a seat and put the engine in front of it. He placed the suspension on the rear wheel and rigged the ignition to the handlebar so that he could control it like a motorcycle. Emile Leray and his makeshift motorcycle. Photo credits: Emile Leray Leray’s makeshift motorcycle was not perfect, but it worked well enough for him to ride across the desert. He faced many challenges along the way, such as sandstorms, heat waves, scorpions, snakes, and wild animals. He also had to deal with hunger, thirst, fatigue, and loneliness. But he never lost sight of his goal: reaching civilization. Surprisingly, on his way to Tan-Tan, Leray was stopped by the police and fined 4,550 dirhams (450 euros) because his creation didn’t conform to the specifications of the Citroën 2CV. Emile Leray presents the motorcycle he constructed from his Citroën 2CV car at the Midwest Dream Car Collection in Manhattan, KS, on October 4, 2019. (Dylan Connell | Collegian Media Group On the TV show MythBusters, which airs on the Discovery Channel, the hosts, Adam Savage and Jamie Heineman, tried to make a motorcycle from a 2CV. In episode 227 named “Transformers” (season 5), they got their hands on a 1967 Citroën 2CV and drove it to a landfill in Kirby Canyon, California. There, they took it apart, keeping the engine and gearbox. After learning about Leray’s original design, Heineman and Savage tested if the transformation could really work to see if the story was true. Even though their finding on MythBusters was that it was a myth, meaning they thought it couldn't happen, other people have tried it and had more success. Leray’s miraculous escape from the Sahara desert made headlines around the world. It also inspired many people who faced similar situations or who admired Leray’s creativity and courage. Leray still owns his motorcycle today, along with some other inventions that he has made over the years. He says that he is always looking for new challenges and adventures. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

This abandoned pioneer camp in Armenia is among the best-preserved I’ve ever seen. As you wander through its grounds, now overgrown with trees and vegetation, you’ll come across striking relics of the past — from grand mosaics to statues of iconic figures like Buratino and Medz Mher. The true centerpiece, however, is the swimming pool — remarkably intact and decorated with mesmerizing Soviet-era mosaics. Join me on this urbex journey as we step into the forgotten world of Armenia’s Soviet past. < Back I Explored the Abandoned Soviet Pioneer Camp “Fairy-Tale” This abandoned pioneer camp in Armenia is among the best-preserved I’ve ever seen. As you wander through its grounds, now overgrown with trees and vegetation, you’ll come across striking relics of the past — from grand mosaics to statues of iconic figures like Buratino and Medz Mher. The true centerpiece, however, is the swimming pool — remarkably intact and decorated with mesmerizing Soviet-era mosaics. Join me on this urbex journey as we step into the forgotten world of Armenia’s Soviet past. In Soviet times, there were 200 pioneer camps in Armenia, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union, only about 10 of them managed to survive. These pioneer camps were mainly located outside the cities, nestled in the woods. Today, these once vibrant places have become abandoned, with thick bushes overgrown around them, making them perfect for urban explorations. As you approach the pioneer camp, an old sign catches your eye, bearing the inscription: «Պիոներ ճամբար Հեքիաթ / пионер лагер Сказка». As you can see in the photo, the old asphalt road is in poor condition. Driving there in a sedan is highly not recommended! Use a vehicle with higher clearance for a smoother ride. The “Fairy-Tale” camp was one of Armenia’s finest pioneer camps. Its official opening ceremony took place in 1985, and it operated until around 1993. The camp’s life was cut short by the 1988 earthquake, which partially destroyed its buildings and delayed renovations. By the time it reopened, the Soviet Union had collapsed, marking the end of its era. Then a huge bas-relief reveals itself, hidden behind the tree branches. Armenia, finding itself in a deep economic and energy crisis, began to suffocate. The First Karabakh War added an extra burden on the people. Locals, who had barely recovered from the 1988 earthquake, were in desperate need of firewood during the harsh winter days. The place was soon looted—windows, doors, even their frames were stripped away—leaving behind only the skeletons of once-glorious buildings. In the territory of the pioneer camp, I stumbled upon a stone hidden among the bushes with the following inscription in Armenian. I value it highly, because thanks to this inscription I was at least able to learn the date of the opening ceremony: Այստեղ 1985 թվականի հունիսի 16-ին տեղի է ունեցել «Հեքիաթ» պիոներական ճամբար-պանսիոնատի հանդիսավոր բացումը — ‘On June 16, 1985, the ceremonial opening of the ‘Fairy Tale’ Pioneer Camp-Resort took place here.’” The statues of Buratino and Malvina Thanks to a historical photo, I learned that there used to be more statues here. Now, only Buratino and Malvina remain. Buratino, as you may know, is the main character of Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy’s 1936 book The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino, which was inspired by Carlo Collodi’s 1883 Italian novel The Adventures of Pinocchio. A 1959 animated feature film by Soyuzmultfilm made these characters especially popular in the Soviet Union. The statue of Medz Mher, one of the central figures from the Armenian epic “Daredevils of Sassoun”, stands proudly here. Known for his extraordinary strength, Medz Mher killed the lion with his bare hands that was blocking the road to Sassoun, preventing the inhabitants from starving. The statue immortalizes that legendary battle. After entering the territory through the building next to the main gates, the statue of the famous Bolshevik revolutionary can be seen in the distance. His role as a leader of the Russian Revolution in the Caucasus earned him the nickname “the Caucasian Lenin,” a reference to Vladimir Lenin himself. Today, Armenia still highly reveres his compatriot, with streets and schools continuing to bear his name. Shahumyan proudly stands atop the stairs, holding a note in his hand as if delivering a speech. The pearl of this pioneer camp is definitely the swimming pool the walls of which are covered with well preserved mosaics. It was the end of June 2020 when I went on my first urbex mission. Psychologically, going alone was challenging, but I managed to overcome my fear. I took a marshrutka (a shared minibus taxi) from Yerevan to a nearby city to begin my hike. About an hour later, I reached the camp and started exploring. I even made a detailed video—check it out! Today, “Fairy-Tale” has become a well-known urbex destination for travelers from all over the world. Its surrounding landscape, flower-covered fields, statues, and the mosaic-covered swimming pool act like a magnet for visitors. The time has come—you should also see this beauty for yourself and take home unforgettable photos. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. 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Discover the history and symbolism behind communist flags, including the iconic flag of the USSR and the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Learn about the red banner’s representation of unity, revolution, and the ideals of socialism and communism. This article delves into the origins of the hammer and sickle, the meaning of the five-pointed star, and the unique features of the Soviet-Armenian flag, highlighting their intricate designs and ideological significance. < Back Soviet Flag and Soviet-Armenian Flag Discover the history and symbolism behind communist flags, including the iconic flag of the USSR and the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Learn about the red banner’s representation of unity, revolution, and the ideals of socialism and communism. This article delves into the origins of the hammer and sickle, the meaning of the five-pointed star, and the unique features of the Soviet-Armenian flag, highlighting their intricate designs and ideological significance. Flag of the USSR The flag of the USSR , a state symbol of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (alongside the state coat of arms and state anthem), represented "the state sovereignty of the USSR and the unbreakable union of workers and peasants in the struggle to build a communist society." Flag of the USSR The red color of the flag symbolized the heroic struggle of the Soviet people, led by the CPSU, to build socialism and communism. The sickle and hammer represented the unshakable union of the working class and the kolkhoz peasantry. The red five-pointed star on the flag symbolized the eventual triumph of communist ideas on the five inhabited continents of the globe. Yevgeny Khaldei raises the Soviet flag over the Reichstag. This photo became a symbol of the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany The design featured a red rectangular canvas with a golden sickle and hammer in the upper corner near the flagpole. Above these symbols was a red five-pointed star with a golden border. The ratio of the flag's width to its length was 1:2. The USSR adopted its first flag in December 1922. Subsequent adjustments were made in 1923, 1924, 1936, and 1955 to refine details like the hammer’s handle length and the sickle’s shape. In 1980, an amendment to the 1955 decree removed the hammer and sickle from the reverse side of the flag, although the legal description remained unchanged. The 1955 Soviet flag design served as the basis for all flags of the Union Republics. The flags of the Soviet republics that constituted the USSR, as well as the Victory Banner, were all modified or adapted versions of the Soviet flag. For example, here is the flag of the Soviet Armenian Republic. Soviet Armenian Flag Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic between,1920—1922 The second flag of the Armenian SSR was introduced in the constitution adopted on February 2, 1922, by the First Congress of Soviets of the Armenian SSR. The 1922 flag was red with the Cyrillic characters ССРА (SSRA, for Социалистическая Советская Республика Армения, Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika Armeniya) in the upper left corner. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, February–March 1922 This flag existed for only a month because, on March 12, 1922, the Armenian SSR united with the Georgian SSR and the Azerbaijan SSR to form the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSR). This federation was dissolved in 1936, re-establishing the three republics as separate entities. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, between 1936 and 1940 Between 1936 and 1940, the flag of the Armenian SSR was red, featuring a gold hammer and sickle in the upper left corner. Beneath the hammer and sickle were the Armenian characters ՀԽՍՀ (HKSH, for Հայկական Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն, Haykakan Khorhrdayin Sotsialistakan Hanrapetutiun), written in gold. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, between 1940 and 1952 Between 1940 and 1952, following reforms in the Armenian language, the characters beneath the hammer and sickle were updated to ՀՍՍՌ (HSSR, for Հայկական Սովետական Սոցիալիստական Ռեսպուբլիկա, Haykakan Sovetakan Sotsialistakan Respublika), while retaining the same gold color. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, between 1952—1990 The flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was adopted on December 17, 1952, by decree of the Supreme Council of the ASSR. According to Article 167 of the 1978 Constitution of Armenia: The state flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic is a red rectangle with a blue stripe running along its entire length in the central part. In the upper left part of the flag, a golden sickle and hammer are depicted, and above them is a red five-pointed star with a golden border. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 1:2. On April 29, 1981, a regulation provided a more detailed description of the flag. It specified the placement and proportions of the hammer, sickle, and star: The hammer and sickle were placed within a square, the side of which equaled one-fifth of the flag's width. The sharp end of the sickle pointed upward, with the handles facing downward. The hammer's length measured three-quarters of the square's diagonal. A five-pointed star with a diameter of one-tenth of the flag's width was drawn within a circle at the square's upper edge. The symbols were positioned near the flagpole, with precise distances calculated to maintain symmetry and visual balance. The red and blue design highlighted the republic's place within the Soviet Union while emphasizing its distinct national identity. Both flags encapsulated the ideology and aspirations of the USSR, symbolizing unity, revolution, and the vision of a communist society. Their intricate designs reflected the importance placed on symbolism in Soviet statecraft. FAQ Soviet Flag vs. Communist Flag The Soviet flag is one of the most prominent examples of a communist flag, but the two terms are not entirely interchangeable. Communist flag generally refers to any flag associated with communism, including the hammer and sickle emblem used by various communist movements and parties worldwide. The Soviet flag specifically refers to the state flag of the USSR, which prominently featured the hammer and sickle along with a red five-pointed star. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Armenia is a country with a rich and diverse cultural heritage, dating back to ancient times. Armenia has three sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List, all of which are monasteries, churches, or related religious sites. These sites reflect the spiritual and artistic achievements of the Armenian people, as well as their interactions with other civilizations. < Back Armenia’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites Armenia is a country with a rich and diverse cultural heritage, dating back to ancient times. Armenia has three sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List, all of which are monasteries, churches, or related religious sites. These sites reflect the spiritual and artistic achievements of the Armenian people, as well as their interactions with other civilizations. Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin: The Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin are two remarkable examples of Armenian religious architecture, located in the Lori region of Armenia. They were built between the 10th and 13th centuries, during the period of prosperity and cultural revival known as the Kiurikian dynasty. The monasteries were founded by King Ashot III and his wife, Queen Khosrovanush, known for her patronage of learning and art. Haghpat Monastery The monastery of Haghpat consists of several buildings, including a narthex, a refectory, a scriptorium, a chapel-tomb complex, a belfry, and several cross-stones (khachkars). The monastery is surrounded by a towered rampart that was built in the 13th century to protect it from invaders. The monastery overlooks the Debed River and is situated on a hillside that offers scenic views. The monastery is also connected to St. Nshan Church by an underground passage. Sanahin Monastery The monastery of Sanahin is adjacent to Haghpat and shares some architectural features with it. It has a rectangular plan with an apse at one end and two towers at the other. The monastery contains several chapels dedicated to different saints and martyrs. It also had a school for illuminators and calligraphers that was renowned for its artistic skills. The mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church - Etchmiadzin Cathedral Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots: The Cathedral of Echmiatsin, also known as Etchmiadzin, is the mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church, located in the city of Echmiatsin or Vagharshapat. It was built in the early fourth century by King Trdat III and Saint Gregory the Illuminator, who converted Armenia to Christianity. The cathedral has a cruciform plan with four apses and a central dome, which is considered a masterpiece of Armenian architecture. The cathedral has been rebuilt several times after being damaged by earthquakes, fires, and invasions. The current building dates back to 1868 and incorporates elements from different periods of Armenian art․ The ruins of Zvartnots Temple The Archaeological Site of Zvartnots is located near Echmiatsin, about 18 km away. Zvartnots Temple, also known as Zvartnots Cathedral, is a medieval Armenian temple near the city of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. Catholicos Nerses III, the leader of the Armenian Church at that time, built it in the 7th century CE. The temple is renowned for its unique circular shape, a rarity in Armenian architecture. Zvartnots stood for 320 years before collapsing in the tenth century. The reason for its collapse is debated, with theories suggesting an earthquake or attacks from repeated Arab raids. Despite being well-engineered, the most accepted explanation is an earthquake collapse. Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley: The Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley is a stunning example of Armenian medieval architecture and culture. It is located in the Kotayk Province, at the entrance to the Azat River gorge, which is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site. The monastery was founded in the 4th century by St. Gregory the Illuminator, who converted Armenia to Christianity. The name Geghard means "the Monastery of the Spear" and originates from the spear that allegedly wounded Jesus at the Crucifixion. It is said to have been brought to Armenia by Apostle Jude, and stored among various other relics. Currently, it is showcased in the Echmiadzin treasury. Geghard Monastery The main architectural complex was completed in the 13th century AD and consists of the cathedral, the adjacent narthex, eastern and western rock-cut churches, the family tomb of Proshyan princes, Papak’s and Ruzukan’s tomb-chapel, as well as various cells and numerous rock-cut cross-stones (khachkars). The Kathoghikè (main church) is in the classic Armenian form, an equal-armed cross inscribed in a square in plan and covered with a dome on a square base, linked with the base by vaulting. The monastery is surrounded by high cliffs that offer a spectacular view of the valley below. The valley is rich in natural beauty and cultural heritage. It contains several ancient sites, such as temples, palaces, fortresses, and monasteries. One of them is pagan Garni Temple. The Monastery of is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Armenia. It attracts visitors from all over the world who admire its unique architecture and history. It is also a place where visitors can experience the Armenian spirit and faith. These three sites showcase the architectural styles, artistic expressions, religious beliefs, and historical events that shaped Armenia’s identity over centuries. They are also sources of inspiration for future generations to preserve and promote their heritage. 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