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Explore Armenia's World War II memorials, honoring the bravery of its people. These monuments serve as poignant reminders of sacrifice and valor, standing as a testament to their bravery and unwavering dedication to their country. < Back World War II Memorials In Armenia Explore Armenia's World War II memorials, honoring the bravery of its people. These monuments serve as poignant reminders of sacrifice and valor, standing as a testament to their bravery and unwavering dedication to their country. In 1920, Armenia's population stood at 700 thousand. By the onset of World War II, it had swelled to 1.5 million, yet remained the smallest in the Soviet Union (1.1% of the USSR's population). Despite this, around 500,000 Armenians were conscripted into the Soviet army from 1941 to 1945, with every other soldier failing to return from the front lines. World War II Memorial In Mastara village, Aragatsotn region Among them, 103 Armenians were honored with the title of hero, 27 were bestowed with the prestigious Order of Glory, and approximately 80,000 received various medals and honors. Notably, 30,000 Armenians fought in the Battle of Stalingrad. The ranks of Armenian generals swelled to 64 within the USSR, including marshals, generals, and admirals, many of whom assumed crucial roles during the war: 1 as front commanders, 3 as army commanders, 5 as corps commanders, 22 as division commanders, 25 as brigade commanders, and 100 as regiment commanders. World War II Memorial In Arshaluys village, Armavir region In remembrance of their sacrifice, monuments and memorials were erected in nearly every city and village across Armenia after World War II. These structures still stand today, serving as poignant reminders of the harrowing events of that era. Crafted with artistic finesse, these monuments captivate the attention of visitors, especially those from beyond the former Soviet sphere. To be continued... I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Previous Next

In Armenia’s Orgov village, at an altitude of 1,700 meters above sea level, stands the iconic ROT54—an engineering marvel designed by Paris Herouni that leaves a lasting impression on every visitor. Its giant scale surprises everyone, offering views toward Tegher Monastery and the biblical Mount Ararat. The control rooms feel like scenes from a Stanley Kubrick film, while the nearby Arev solar thermal power station—built during Armenia’s 1990s energy crisis—adds even more mystery to the place. This site is a must-visit for anyone interested in the scientific history of the Soviet Union. Now abandoned, it remains a striking testament to Armenia’s Soviet-era scientific legacy and a highlight of my urban explorer tours. < Back ROT54 or the Herouni Mirror Radio Telescope In Armenia’s Orgov village, at an altitude of 1,700 meters above sea level, stands the iconic ROT54—an engineering marvel designed by Paris Herouni that leaves a lasting impression on every visitor. Its giant scale surprises everyone, offering views toward Tegher Monastery and the biblical Mount Ararat. The control rooms feel like scenes from a Stanley Kubrick film, while the nearby Arev solar thermal power station—built during Armenia’s 1990s energy crisis—adds even more mystery to the place. This site is a must-visit for anyone interested in the scientific history of the Soviet Union. Now abandoned, it remains a striking testament to Armenia’s Soviet-era scientific legacy and a highlight of my urban explorer tours. The ROT54 radio-optical telescope is located in Orgov village, Aragatsotn Province of Armenia, at an elevation of 1,700 meters. It was designed by the Armenian physicist and engineer Paris Herouni, who spent 17 years navigating Soviet bureaucracy to bring his vision to life. Despite strong pressure to build the project in Crimea rather than in Armenia, Herouni secured approval to construct the observatory in Armenia—an achievement that reflects his persistence and deep devotion to his homeland. Herouni Mirror Radio Telescope (Зеркальный радиотелескоп геруни) Patent No. 1377941 Image credits: База патентов СССР (USSR Patent Database) Herouni was known for his innovative approach to radio engineering and his dedication to advancing scientific knowledge in Armenia. Over his career, he published around 353 scientific works, including 248 papers, four monographs, and 25 patents. He was also a passionate science communicator, frequently appearing in newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, with media coverage about him spanning the USSR, Russia, Armenia, USA, France, and Italy. ROT-54 in winter Herouni carried out several expeditions along the southern slopes of Mount Aragats before selecting this site as the future location for the telescope. The natural, crater-like shape of the landscape was ideal for installing the dish, while the 13th-century Tegher Monastery and the biblical Mount Ararat formed a dramatic backdrop. At the time, there were plans to relocate the village—a common practice during the Soviet industrialization era. Rather than investing in roads, gas supply, or other essential infrastructure for remote mountain communities, Soviet authorities often chose to resettle villagers in nearby towns. By launching the ROT54 project, Herouni built a road from scratch, connected the village, and ultimately saved Orgov from being erased. Inside the control room of ROT-54 While Paris Herouni patented many inventions, this project became his Mona Lisa—the first Radio-Optical Telescope (ROT-54/2.6). The structure is a massive antenna with a diameter of 54 meters (177 ft), boasting some of the finest technical parameters among large antennas worldwide. Aerial photo of ROT-54 telescope Constructed between 1975 and 1985, the telescope was active from 1986 to 1990 before ceasing operations around 1990. In the mid-1990s, there was a proposal for the restoration of the telescope. Between 1995 and 2010, it underwent modernization with new control computers and feeds, and observations resumed in collaboration with the Astronomical Society of Russia and the National Technical University of Athens. Me sitting in the control room of ROT-54 However, in 2012, the operations ceased again when a control arm failed, immobilizing the secondary mirror. The Armenian state couldn't cover the cost of repairs, leading to the mothballing of the research complex. Future operation requires further upgrades to the control systems, comprehensive adjustments, replacement of outdated analog sensors with digital ones, and modernization of the data processing systems. According to experts, these upgrades will cost approximately $25 million. A historical photo shows the newly installed telescope with a helicopter hovering above it. The small trees planted at the time have since grown taller than the surrounding buildings, turning the site into a surprisingly pleasant and shady place during the hot summer months. The ROT-54/2.6 radio-optical telescope enabled a wide range of advanced radio astronomy observations, including: Studies of ultra-distant objects such as quasars and radio galaxies Observations of pulsars, supernovae, and their temporal changes Investigation of radio sources with angular sizes smaller than 1 arcsecond Analysis of fine inhomogeneities with angular sizes below 1 arcsecond Study of thermal radiation from newly formed stars Research on nebulae and T Tauri stars Organization of simultaneous radio and optical observations of well-known celestial objects, allowing results from leading radio observatories to be combined into a new unified catalog Searches for new molecules in comets and planetary atmospheres within the Solar System Thanks to its exceptionally low intrinsic noise temperature of approximately 5 K, the telescope’s radio noise level did not exceed 1–2 mJy. With a receiver bandwidth of 1 GHz and an integration time of just 1 second, ROT-54/2.6 was capable of detecting extremely faint objects. Its sensitivity was comparable to that of major facilities such as the Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico, despite the VLA consisting of 27 antennas. "Arev" solar power station Another giant “dish” comes into view as soon as you enter the site. Many visitors mistakenly assume it’s a telescope, but it’s actually a solar power station —another remarkable invention by Paris Herouni. “Arev” is an unfinished solar thermal power station designed by Paris Herouni In the 1990s, during Armenia’s energy crisis—when the country’s nuclear power plant was offline, the war in Artsakh was ongoing, and the nation faced a blockade—Paris Herouni set out to develop efficient solar energy systems. In 1991, he presented his “Arev” thermal power plant project, protected by seven international and two Armenian patents, demonstrating higher efficiency than comparable international projects. The project attracted attention from major international organizations and investors, particularly from the United Kingdom, and construction began. However, when the project was nearing completion, the investors attempted to claim Herouni’s patents. The matter went to court, construction was delayed, and the project was never resumed. https://video.wixstatic.com/video/103e0a_5f30da795304441b98c4fe3ec4eb6e8b/1080p/mp4/file.mp4 An aerial view of Herouni Mirror Radio Telescope Today, this place attracts tourists from around the world. For urban explorers visiting Armenia, this place is a must-visit! The "Orbita" Antenna I am standing near the giant "Orbita" antenna and pointing towards west Within the territory of the Herouni United Space Center, visitors can also see a massive antenna known as “Orbita.” The Orbita (Орбита) system was the world’s first national satellite television network, launched by the Soviet Union in 1967. Because the USSR covered an enormous territory, laying cables to every remote region was impractical. Instead, a network of ground stations equipped with large, iconic parabolic antennas was built to receive signals from Molniya satellites. Armenia was also part of this network and had several Orbita antennas. At least three are known to me, with two surviving to this day. According to available information, the Orbita station in Armenia became operational in November 1977, though it is unclear whether this date refers to this specific station or another antenna; further verification is required. The launch of this station coincided with the construction of the 311.7-meter Yerevan TV Tower, which allowed Armenia to receive the Second Program of Central Television from Moscow via the Molniya and Raduga satellite constellations. More on this you can read in the following article... I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Previous Next

The Soviet Union, known for its rigorous and systematic approach to education and training, established a comprehensive network of driving schools to equip its citizens with the necessary skills to navigate the country’s extensive road network. These driving schools were not merely institutions for learning how to operate a vehicle; they were an integral part of the Soviet education system and preparation for army service, reflecting the values and priorities of the era. This article will provide a brief overview of what driving classes and posters looked like in the USSR. < Back Exploring an Abandoned Soviet Driving School The Soviet Union, known for its rigorous and systematic approach to education and training, established a comprehensive network of driving schools to equip its citizens with the necessary skills to navigate the country’s extensive road network. These driving schools were not merely institutions for learning how to operate a vehicle; they were an integral part of the Soviet education system and preparation for army service, reflecting the values and priorities of the era. This article will provide a brief overview of what driving classes and posters looked like in the USSR. Earlier, this place was discovered by G. Mattu, who guided me there. A lot has changed since then; the place was being renovated and soon it will vanish forever. However, with my camera, I tried to immortalize as much as I could during the brief time the guard allowed us to stay inside. During the Soviet era, the expansion of road infrastructure and the growing number of vehicles necessitated a well-organized system for driver education. The state recognized the importance of safe and efficient transportation for both civilian and military purposes. As a result, driving schools were established across the Soviet Union, often operated by state-owned organizations and deeply integrated into the broader educational framework. The journey to a Soviet driver's license began in classrooms. Here, students spent countless hours immersed in the theoretical aspects of driving. Posters, filled with diagrams and traffic regulations, were gospel. Instructors, often veterans of the road themselves, drilled students on traffic signs, vehicle mechanics, and the intricate rules of the road. All driving schools in the USSR were state-owned and operated under the auspices of DOSAAF (Volunteer Society for Cooperation with the Army, Aviation, and Fleet), district military commissariats, or centralized automotive training complexes (TsAUK) for the training or retraining of professional drivers. Driver training was also included in the school curriculum for senior grades, either within the secondary school itself or in vocational training centers. Any willing member of DOSAAF could attend a driving school affiliated with this military-sport organization. The district military commissariats trained future recruits in driving motor vehicles, preparing them for compulsory military service, such as in motorized troops. Automotive training complexes were typically located in large or capital cities, where employers would send professional drivers to obtain a license for a different vehicle category or to receive training or retraining for handling vehicles carrying hazardous loads. In addition to learning traffic regulations, driving theory, and practical driving skills, students in driving schools studied vehicle mechanics and the elimination of minor malfunctions. Posters were scattered everywhere... However, the fall of the Soviet Union brought significant changes. Many driving schools were privatized or closed, and the rigorous standards of the past gave way to more varied approaches in the newly independent states. Despite these changes, the legacy of Soviet driving schools remains evident in the continued emphasis on thorough driver education in many former Soviet republics. Posters, such as these I saw in this abandoned driving school, were common. They illustrated traffic signs, driving techniques, and safety measures, serving as visual aids to reinforce the theoretical knowledge imparted in the classroom. One can only imagine how cool this place looked in those times... Soviet driving schools were more than just places to learn how to drive; they were institutions that embodied the values of discipline, thoroughness, and public safety. While the Soviet Union is now a part of history, the impact of its driving education system continues to be felt, reminding us of an era when the journey to becoming a driver was a path marked by rigorous training and high standards. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Previous Next

Soviet-era mosaics in Armenia are remarkable relics that offer a vivid glimpse into the country’s artistic and cultural heritage. Created mostly in the second half of the mid-20th century, these intricate works of art reflect the social, political, and ideological narratives of the time. Today, they stand as vibrant testimonies to a complex past, blending traditional Armenian motifs with Soviet symbolism. < Back Soviet-era mosaics in Armenia Soviet-era mosaics in Armenia are remarkable relics that offer a vivid glimpse into the country’s artistic and cultural heritage. Created mostly in the second half of the mid-20th century, these intricate works of art reflect the social, political, and ideological narratives of the time. Today, they stand as vibrant testimonies to a complex past, blending traditional Armenian motifs with Soviet symbolism. Soviet-era mosaics in Armenia are distinguished by their unique blend of local and Soviet styles. Artists employed traditional Armenian patterns and themes, often featuring folkloric elements and historical references. These were interwoven with Soviet iconography, including elements of Armenian architecture, symbolic motifs, and depictions of workers, scientists, and cosmonauts, representing the progress and industrial power of the USSR. Here are several mosaics whose coordinates I have intentionally withheld, to awaken the explorer within you and encourage your own discoveries. The Birth of Astghik by Garnik Smbatyan, Araqel Araqelyan, Mikael Gyurjyan, Rouben Hovnatanyan, and Yuri Babayan. Year 1982 When creating this mosaic, Smbatyan was inspired by The Birth of Venus, a famous painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli, executed in the mid-1480s. Botticelli depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her miraculous birth, having emerged fully grown from the sea—a classical motif known as Venus Anadyomene. In pagan Armenia, Astghik was originally the goddess of the creation of heaven and earth. Over time, her image evolved, and she became primarily associated with love, beauty, and fertility. In the mosaic, the moment of Astghik’s birth is shown: she stands nude as nymphs approach, carrying a long garment to cover her. Karen Aghamyan's "Progress", 1983 Karen Aghamyan's "Progress" mosaic, created in 1983, is another uniquely futuristic piece that I adore. It features an astronaut in a spacesuit floating in space. The second figure resembles Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man, blending human anatomy with geometric perfection. The third part portrays a naked male figure with arms and wings outstretched, seemingly levitating in the air. A mosaic on the facade of former "Vaspurakan" restaurant The mosaics were often large-scale, covering the walls of public buildings, factories, and cultural institutions. Their grand size and prominent placement were intended to inspire and educate the public, serving as daily reminders of the Soviet ideals and the collective Armenian identity. Mosaics or frescoes with cosmic themes are my favorite, though! In this case, it is really difficult to take a proper photo since, when you stand in front of the building, the trees block the view. The creation of these mosaics involved meticulous craftsmanship. Artists used a variety of materials, including colored glass, ceramic tiles, and natural stones. The vibrant colors and durability of these materials ensured that the mosaics would withstand the test of time and attract attention, preserving their splendor for decades. This mosaic, titled "Flight," was created by Zohrab Mirzoyan in collaboration with Eduard Karsyan and Karapet Shekhian between 1984 and 1986 Along the Yerevan–Sevan highway stands a magnificent mosaic, but passengers speeding past rarely pay it any attention. The mosaic depicts the statue of David of Sassoun by Ervand Kochar and the Government Building designed by Alexander Tamanyan. Once, a metal key stood to the right of the mosaic, but it didn’t withstand the test of time. Today, the mosaic is in a depressing state and is gradually fading away. In modern days, with the rapidly growing urbex community and the influence of social networks, these mosaics are experiencing a resurgence, attracting photographers from around the world. Their vibrant colors and historical significance make them perfect subjects for capturing the interplay of art and history. Exploring these mosaics not only provides a visual feast but also connects us to the rich cultural and political tapestry of the past. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Previous Next

Perched on the shores of Lake Sevan, on the Sevan Peninsula, the Sevan Writers’ Rest House is a striking example of Soviet modernist architecture. Built during a wave of cultural and architectural innovation in the USSR, it still draws curious travelers from around the world. While exploring the Sevan Peninsula, stop by for a coffee, admire the bold design of the iconic Lounge Building, and take in the sweeping views over the lake. < Back Sevan Writers’ Rest House - Soviet Modernist Architecture in Armenia Perched on the shores of Lake Sevan, on the Sevan Peninsula, the Sevan Writers’ Rest House is a striking example of Soviet modernist architecture. Built during a wave of cultural and architectural innovation in the USSR, it still draws curious travelers from around the world. While exploring the Sevan Peninsula, stop by for a coffee, admire the bold design of the iconic Lounge Building, and take in the sweeping views over the lake. Sevan Writers' Rest House consists of two separate structures, Residence Hall and Lounge Building, both erected at different times during the Soviet reign. The first drawings of the Residence Hall are dated 1932, while archival photographs and materials suggest that the construction was completed in 1935. The Residence Hall was designed by Gevorg Kochar (1901-1973) and Mikayel Mazmanyan (1899-1971). The examination of archival materials, however, revealed that Mikayel Mazmanyan’s name is not mentioned on the project’s architectural drawings, which leads to the assumption that he only participated in the preliminary stage of design. At the same time, his name is mentioned in many publications, including some printed during their lifetime, as co-author of the building. Sevan Writers' House in 1970. Photo: Nemrut Baghdasarian The building was initially designed as a four-story building. One of these was a basement (now the first floor), the other was a common area. The other two floors were designed for guest rooms with four rooms on each floor, each room occupying an area of 4.3m x 2.9m (9.5”x14”). Sketch of the building, 1963 Architect: Gevorg Kochar Source: Archives of the National Museum-Institute of Architecture named after Alexander Tamanyan, Yerevan Sadly, The Great Purge or the Great Terror (1937), didn't bypass both architects and in 1937, Kochar and Mazmanian were arrested right at their workplace. They were accused of espionage, treason, and involvement in a Trotskyist-Bukharinist group. The Military Collegium sentenced both to 15 years in labor camps and an additional 5 years of civil disenfranchisement. They spent a year in the Vologda penal zone, where the harsh conditions left little chance of survival. Gevorg Kochar and Mikayel Mazmanyan Their fate changed thanks to a friend— architect Karo Halabyan—who, through Mikoyan, secured their transfer to Norilsk. There, the architects contributed to the construction of major industrial facilities, the master plans for Norilsk and Dudinka, and designed landmark buildings in the city center, including the ensemble of Guards Square. Yet all the credit went to the free-hired management. In 1954, Mazmanian was rehabilitated. It wasn’t until 1960—six years later—that Kochar was also able to return to Yerevan, where he assumed the position of Chief Architect at the Yerevanproject Institute. After their return, they were reintegrated into the architectural life of the post-Stalinist period. In 1963, Kochar was commissioned to develop a reconstruction and an extension project for the Sevan Resort. In the reconstruction project, Kochar added an additional floor to the Residence Hall, forming a new wide terrace, which was the logical continuation of the original project's concept. The Lounge Building today... During the resort's reconstruction, Kochar also designed and built the new Lounge Building. Stylistically, the new building contrasted with the Residence Hall, but both of them formed a harmonious ensemble in combination with the natural landscape and incorporated the view of the medieval architecture of Sevan Monastery churches on the top of the peninsula. After the reconstruction, the Lounge and the Residence Hall of Sevan Writers House became one of the most iconic buildings of post-Stalin modernist Soviet Architecture. The view from the Dining Hall The Lounge with it’s protruding rounded design is definitely the trademark of the complex and stands harmoniously among the rocky terrain and offers an unforgettable panoramic view from inside! Moreover, the entire wing is balanced on one concrete leg, giving the structure a futuristic aesthetic. At the opposite end of its axis, the building is attached to the rock on a higher level of the hill. The overall space of the Lounge building is divided into two major parts. One part is the dining hall, which has a circular plan and is located towards the front of the building. Half of the dining hall circle is designed as a panoramic floor-to-ceiling window looking over a spectacular view of Lake Sevan. The dining hall also has an exit to a semi-circular open-sided loggia behind the panoramic window. The second part, in the rear half of the building is used for the foyer of the dining hall. The Residence Hall Unfortunately, the complex has not been renovated for a long time, but tuning in and enjoying a cup of beer or coffee can always have a relaxing effect! The view from the Lounge is breathtaking! Cheers! I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Previous Next

Armenian Explorer offers hiking, trekking, camping and urbex tours in Armenia. Unleash your inner adventurer and join my guided tours to discover the best places in Armenia. Popular Tours in Armenia In this section of my website, I have curated the most popular tours in Armenia, ranging from cultural experiences to urban exploration, and from hiking to trekking adventures. If you’re seeking the best places to hike in Armenia, the top hiking trails and routes, or must-visit destinations, you’re in the right place. With a diverse array of options, you’ll easily find the perfect journey tailored to your interests. Join my guided tours in Armenia to ensure your visit is not only memorable but also truly exceptional. Learn More Sightseeing Tours in Armenia Armenia, a country steeped in history and ancient traditions, offers a unique opportunity to explore its stunning landmarks and UNESCO World Heritage sites. Join Armenian Explorer for personalized sightseeing tours that immerse you in Armenia's rich past. From ancient cyclopean fortresses and the iconic Garni Pagan Temple to the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, the first Christian cathedral, and the world’s tallest statue of Jesus Christ, immerse yourself in Armenia’s rich heritage. Discover its vibrant traditions, festive celebrations, and exquisite cuisine. Whether you're passionate about history, Soviet-era architecture, or seeking to experience Armenia's breathtaking landscapes, my expertly curated sightseeing tours provide an unforgettable journey through the heart and soul of this fascinating country. Learn More Off-road tours in Armenia Armenia, a mountainous country in the South Caucasus, offers more than just scenic hiking trails — it’s also a paradise for off-road enthusiasts. With winding dirt tracks, remote mountain passes, and rugged landscapes, off-roading in Armenia takes you to places few tourists ever reach. From dramatic cliffs to hidden waterfalls, these routes lead to raw, untouched nature. In this section of my website, you’ll find unique off-road tours I personally organize — perfect for bold travelers looking to experience Armenia far from the beaten path. Learn More

Nestled amidst the picturesque village of Sanahin, Armenia, lies the Mikoyan Brothers' Museum, dedicated to two brothers who left an indelible mark on Soviet history. This museum honors the remarkable achievements of Anastas Mikoyan, a prominent politician who rose through the ranks of the Soviet government, and Artem Mikoyan, a brilliant aircraft designer who co-created the legendary MiG fighter jets. < Back A Visit to Mikoyan Brothers' Museum Nestled amidst the picturesque village of Sanahin, Armenia, lies the Mikoyan Brothers' Museum, dedicated to two brothers who left an indelible mark on Soviet history. This museum honors the remarkable achievements of Anastas Mikoyan, a prominent politician who rose through the ranks of the Soviet government, and Artem Mikoyan, a brilliant aircraft designer who co-created the legendary MiG fighter jets. Sanahin village is renowned not only for its 10th-century Sanahin Monastery complex, a UNESCO World Heritage site, but also as the birthplace of Anastas and Artem Mikoyan. Artem was a renowned aircraft designer and co-founder of the Mikoyan-Gurevich (MiG) design bureau alongside Mikhail Gurevich. Anastas was a Soviet statesman and long-serving Politburo member, known for his roles in the Soviet food industry and international diplomacy, particularly during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He became a member of the Communist Party’s Central Committee in 1923 and remained at the highest levels of power through the eras of Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, and Brezhnev. MiG-21 "Fishbed" is on display outside the museum The Mikoyan Brothers' House-Museum was founded in 1971 to honor the contributions of Anastas and Artem Mikoyan to their homeland. The museum and memorial were opened on June 17, 1982. On its opening day, two of the most influential exhibits were brought from Moscow: a MiG plane and Artem Mikoyan's official car. Over the years, the house-museum has been enriched with additional exhibits. The museum was founded by Nushik Mikoyan, the daughter of Mikoyan's uncle. In 2017, the museum underwent renovation funded by the "Looking Forward" fund. The museum is conventionally divided into two sections: one dedicated to Artem and the other to the life and activities of Anastas Mikoyan. It houses a multilingual library that includes books on the brothers' activities, which visitors can use. Thematic books from various countries and archival documents are also available. A notable exhibit is a pilot's uniform donated by Peter Ostapenko, a test pilot for the MiG bureau who was involved in test flights from the MiG-19 to the MiG-31, setting eight world records. The pressurized uniform on display has remained largely unchanged for over 50 years, with similar uniforms still in use today. Visitors can explore models, blueprints, and photographs showcasing the evolution of MiG fighter jets, which played a pivotal role in Soviet aviation history. The museum features a GAZ-12 ZIM limousine once owned by Anastas Mikoyan, offering a glimpse into the lifestyle of a prominent Soviet leader The Mikoyan Brothers' Museum serves as a testament to the power of innovation, ambition, and the enduring Armenian spirit. The museum reminds visitors that Armenia, a nation rich in history and culture, has also produced remarkable individuals who have shaped the world stage. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Previous Next

Emile Leray is a French engineer and adventurer who has performed some incredible feats of ingenuity and survival. One of his most remarkable stories is how in 1993 he managed to escape from the Sahara desert on a makeshift motorcycle made out of parts of his broken-down car. This is Emile Leray's survival story... < Back Emile Leray’s miraculous escape from the Sahara desert Emile Leray is a French engineer and adventurer who has performed some incredible feats of ingenuity and survival. One of his most remarkable stories is how in 1993 he managed to escape from the Sahara desert on a makeshift motorcycle made out of parts of his broken-down car. This is Emile Leray's survival story... Emile Leray was on a solo trip in Morocco in 1993, driving his Citroën 2CV, when he hit a large rock and damaged his car’s chassis. He was stranded 20 miles from the nearest village, with only enough food and water to last for 10 days. He had no radio, no phone, and no spare tire. He was facing certain death in the vast and harsh desert. Emile Leray and his broken-down Citroën 2CV. Photo credts: Emile Leray But Leray did not give up hope. He decided to use his skills as an electrician and his knowledge of mechanics to create a new vehicle that could carry him out of the desert. He spent 12 days and 11 nights working on his project, using tools such as pliers, hammers, saws, and drills. He removed the body of his car and used it as a shelter. He took three wheels from his car and attached them to a frame that he shortened and fixed with axles. He converted the rear bumper into a seat and put the engine in front of it. He placed the suspension on the rear wheel and rigged the ignition to the handlebar so that he could control it like a motorcycle. Emile Leray and his makeshift motorcycle. Photo credits: Emile Leray Leray’s makeshift motorcycle was not perfect, but it worked well enough for him to ride across the desert. He faced many challenges along the way, such as sandstorms, heat waves, scorpions, snakes, and wild animals. He also had to deal with hunger, thirst, fatigue, and loneliness. But he never lost sight of his goal: reaching civilization. Surprisingly, on his way to Tan-Tan, Leray was stopped by the police and fined 4,550 dirhams (450 euros) because his creation didn’t conform to the specifications of the Citroën 2CV. Emile Leray presents the motorcycle he constructed from his Citroën 2CV car at the Midwest Dream Car Collection in Manhattan, KS, on October 4, 2019. (Dylan Connell | Collegian Media Group On the TV show MythBusters, which airs on the Discovery Channel, the hosts, Adam Savage and Jamie Heineman, tried to make a motorcycle from a 2CV. In episode 227 named “Transformers” (season 5), they got their hands on a 1967 Citroën 2CV and drove it to a landfill in Kirby Canyon, California. There, they took it apart, keeping the engine and gearbox. After learning about Leray’s original design, Heineman and Savage tested if the transformation could really work to see if the story was true. Even though their finding on MythBusters was that it was a myth, meaning they thought it couldn't happen, other people have tried it and had more success. Leray’s miraculous escape from the Sahara desert made headlines around the world. It also inspired many people who faced similar situations or who admired Leray’s creativity and courage. Leray still owns his motorcycle today, along with some other inventions that he has made over the years. He says that he is always looking for new challenges and adventures. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Deep beneath the forests of Armenia, I explored an abandoned Soviet bunker — frozen in time. Built during the Cold War to withstand a potential nuclear strike, it now lies silent, rusting, and eerie. Once a highly classified location, it's been forgotten by time, drawing in urban explorers and military history enthusiasts alike. < Back Inside a Cold War-Era Soviet Bunker Hidden in Armenia Deep beneath the forests of Armenia, I explored an abandoned Soviet bunker — frozen in time. Built during the Cold War to withstand a potential nuclear strike, it now lies silent, rusting, and eerie. Once a highly classified location, it's been forgotten by time, drawing in urban explorers and military history enthusiasts alike. The Cold War (1947–1991) was an era defined by global tension between the Soviet Union and the United States. Amid fears of nuclear conflict, the USSR constructed thousands of bunkers across its territory for command centers, communication hubs, and strategic shelters. The Caucasus region — and Armenia in particular — was considered a potential frontline due to Turkey’s NATO membership and long-standing geopolitical tensions. Would you dare to descend the rusty metal stairs of this hatch? Soviet military strategy in Armenia focused on fortifying the southern borders and countering Western influence. From 1946 to 1992, Armenia hosted key military units such as the 7th Guards Army, based in Yerevan, including the 127th Motor Rifle Division. This legacy continues today in the form of the Russian 102nd Military Base in Gyumri. Long corridors were intercepting creating a creepy maze A rugged off-road trail led us to the foot of a mountain, where, hidden among the trees, the entrance to the bunker emerged. Stepping inside, we found ourselves in a dim, narrow corridor that quickly turned into a disorienting maze. At one point, I genuinely feared I might not find my way back out. The layout was surprisingly complex, with multiple access points and even a vertical hatch connecting different levels — likely designed for covert movement and added security. The bunker lacked the large chambers typically used for weapons storage or troop accommodation. Its remote forest location further suggests it was never intended for civilian use. Given its compact yet complex layout, it was most likely designed for military command and control, possibly serving as a backup headquarters or a secure communication link between different units in the event of war. https://video.wixstatic.com/video/103e0a_e39c205b8a4b4af2aa14671ec6c9f7bb/1080p/mp4/file.mp4 To my surprise, one of the massive steel doors still worked flawlessly — despite its weight, it swung open smoothly on its original hinges. Inside, the bunker was stripped bare, with only cold concrete walls remaining. And yet, the atmosphere was unforgettable — heavy with silence, history, and the ghost of a vanished empire. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Previous Next

I’m Suren, a tour guide in Armenia. In this article, I’ll tell you a bit about myself and the services I offer, while sharing practical advice for travelers planning a trip to Armenia. My expertise lies in urbex, hiking, off-roading, and sightseeing tours — so that’s where we’ll focus. The tips I share come from both my own experience and valuable feedback from travelers I’ve guided through these places. Trust me — I know the way. < Back Guide in Armenia I’m Suren, a tour guide in Armenia. In this article, I’ll tell you a bit about myself and the services I offer, while sharing practical advice for travelers planning a trip to Armenia. My expertise lies in urbex, hiking, off-roading, and sightseeing tours — so that’s where we’ll focus. The tips I share come from both my own experience and valuable feedback from travelers I’ve guided through these places. Trust me — I know the way. About me... I’m Suren, a professional tour guide in Armenia. Many travelers look for guides who also provide transportation — yes, I drive my own car. My car is Mitsubishi Pajero 4. (Photo and more details below.) Since 2014, I’ve been guiding travelers across the country — from easy hiking trails to challenging mountain summits, remote off-road routes, and explorations of abandoned places. Over the years, I’ve gained both deep knowledge and practical experience, which I’m happy to share with anyone planning to hike in Armenia. During my tours, I bring along a photo album featuring historical images. It lets visitors see how landmarks looked before restoration—or even before they disappeared entirely. So, lace up your boots — let’s get started! Yep, that’s me posing for a photo in the sacred valley of Tirinkatar, near the Armenian vishap — the ancient “dragon stone”! During my freelance work with various tour agencies, I noticed that many travelers struggle to get in direct contact with local guides. When I launched my website, my goal was to make it easier for travelers to connect directly with a guide — to discuss upcoming trips, customize itineraries, and decide whether the guide is the right fit for their holiday experience. After all, it’s the guide — not the tour agency — who shares both the challenges and the joys of the journey with travelers. My car, a Mitsubishi Pajero 4, is my reliable workhorse — built to handle tough terrain and ensure every tour runs smoothly and to its fullest potential. Best hikes in Armenia And that’s where Armenian Explorer comes in — to make that connection possible. I hope this article helps more travelers find me and boosts my visibility in search results. Having a master’s degree in Comparative Literature helps me access and interpret a wide range of historical information about Armenia, allowing me to share it with travelers and tell the stories behind each unique place we visit. The tours are conducted in English or Russian, and I also have a basic knowledge of German. On the shore of Lake Kari (3,200 m), after taking a memorable photo with a group from Singapore, I’ll be guiding them to the summit of the southern peak of Mount Aragats. Now I’ll provide concise, step-by-step information about the most popular tourist destinations in Armenia. Let’s start with hiking. Armenia is a paradise for hikers. The country offers trails of all difficulty levels — from gentle forest walks to challenging climbs above 3,000 meters. In winter, we usually avoid peaks higher than 3000 meters because of deep snow and mud, which make both hiking and off-road access impossible. From June to late October, conditions improve; at lower altitudes it can be quite hot, making this the best season for climbing Armenia’s 3,000-plus-meter summits. Mount Azhdahak One of the most popular hiking destinations in Armenia is Mount Azhdahak (3,597 m) — the highest point of the Geghama mountain range. The “Red Giant” is famous for its volcanic lake at 3,500 meters and the panoramic views of Lake Sevan, Lake Akna, and surrounding peaks like Red Ridge and Spitakasar. Yes, you can also swim in the crater lake, so bring your swimwear. Keep in mind, however, that the water is very cold — around 10°C even in the hottest summer days — and the lakebed is covered with sharp rocks. Swimming in deeper areas is strongly not recommended. The most common trail starts near Mount Paytasar, but for beginner hikers, I often drive up closer to Azhdahak’s base — leaving only about a 50-minute hike to the summit. Lake Akna, Lake Badi, and Dragon Lake are among the most popular camping spots in this area, but we will talk about it later. The Geghama Mountains are ideal not only for day hikes but also for multi-day trekking and camping adventures, which I regularly include in my tours. A quick stop near the Geghama petroglyphs to explore these ancient carvings. Important! Over the years, I’ve encountered many tourists who tried to reach Mount Azhdahak with a rental crossover, only to turn back when they found the terrain too rocky and dangerous for such vehicles. You’ll need a strong, high-clearance car, solid driving and navigation skills, and the ability to handle unexpected challenges. Mud is usually not an issue — you won’t get stuck — but slippery slopes are common, and rainy days can make the route especially difficult. Starting the hike from Geghard village can be quite difficult, especially if you don’t know the locations of the water springs. If you’re not an experienced hiker with good map and navigation skills, it’s better to hire a guide. In the Geghama Mountains, you will find yourself in absolute wilderness, so don’t expect to find a toilet. Mount Aragats — The Roof of Armenia Another must-visit hiking destination is Mount Aragats (4,090 m) — the highest mountain in Armenia. It has four distinct peaks: Northern Summit — 4,090 m (the highest point in Armenia) Western Summit — 3,995 m Eastern Summit — 3,908 m Southern Summit — 3,888 m There are two main starting points for climbing Aragats — Lake Kari (3,200 m) and Gegharot Waterfall (3,000 m) . Lake Kari is easily accessible by car thanks to an old asphalt road built during Soviet times, more than half a century ago, to allow scientists to reach the Cosmic Ray Research Station. It also serves as a convenient base for climbing all four peaks of Mount Aragats. However, the road is open only from mid-May to the end of October. On the shore of Lake Kari, there is a restaurant and a hotel, but don’t expect to use their toilets. You will need to rely on an open-air toilet—beware of this. In late October 2025, we got stuck in deep snow, as this area is highly exposed to strong winds and snowstorms that often block the road. Luckily, while we were enjoying a cup of coffee, a bulldozer arrived and cleared the road. Gegharot Waterfall offers a shorter route to the northern and eastern summits but requires a high-clearance off-road vehicle to reach. Keep in mind that the road to Gegharot is just as rough as the one to Mount Azhdahak — a sturdy vehicle is a must. Last time I was there, I saw dozens of cars abandoned along the way; their drivers realized too late that the rocky terrain would destroy their plastic crossovers, so they gave up on climbing Aragats and were lucky just to make it as far as the waterfall. In this area, you are already far from any civilization—only tourists and shepherds may be encountered here. There are no toilets and no tourist infrastructure. Wild Armenia welcomes you! We have just reached the crater of mount Aragats and are ready for the final summit push! If you’re fit and up for a challenge, you can conquer two peaks in a single day — usually the Southern and Western summits. For a more immersive experience, consider a two-day trek: start from Lake Kari, climb the first two peaks, camp overnight inside Aragats’ massive crater, and the next day, ascend the Northern and Eastern summits before descending to Gegharot waterfall, where an off-road car can meet you. Winter and Easy Hikes in Armenia In winter, I recommend hikes to Lastiver, the Lake Parz–Goshavank trail, Smbataberd (Fortress of Smbat), or a climb to Mount Artanish. The summit of Mount Artanish is the only point from where you can see the entire Lake Sevan from above — a view that’s truly unforgettable. Located in the Gegharkunik region, on the eastern shore of Lake Sevan, the mountain stands on the Artanish Peninsula, which separates Big and Small Sevan. Rising to 2,460 meters above sea level with a relative height of 560 meters, this hike covers about 5 km one way, takes around 2.5 hours, and involves an elevation gain of 560 meters. Descending from mount Artanish! Lastiver is home to a two-story cave carved into a steep canyon slope near the majestic gorge of the Khachaghbyur River. Surrounded by towering trees, rugged cliffs, and the soothing sound of the river, this place feels like stepping into a fairy tale. In the 1970s, Soviet-Armenian sculptor Benik Petrosyan decorated the cave walls with striking bas-reliefs, enhancing its mysterious aura. Many visitors mistakenly believe these carvings are ancient, which only adds to the sense of wonder. Historically, the caves of Lastiver served as a refuge for locals during the Mongol invasions of the 13th and 14th centuries. To reach the caves, people built wooden staircases resembling rafts — which is how the site got its name, “Lastiver,” derived from Armenian. The hike to Lastiver covers about 3.5 km one way, takes roughly 2 hours, and starts about 145 km from Yerevan. It was a rainy day when we started our hike to Lastiver! For a scenic two-day trek, the Lori region is one of my favorites. The Lori Canyon provides breathtaking views, and along the way, you can visit several UNESCO World Heritage Sites — a perfect mix of nature and culture. A hike along Lori Canyon to Horomayr Monastery or to Kayan Fortress is something you’ll love. Unlike the Gegharkunik or Aragatsotn regions, this area is covered with thick forests—if you appreciate that, this region is perfect for you. The lovely Lori Kanyon Sightseeing tours in Armenia The most popular sightseeing tours in Armenia include Echmiadzin Cathedral , Garni Pagan Temple , Geghard Monastery , and Sevanavank . These sites are not only historically and architecturally significant but also conveniently located near Yerevan, making them must-visit destinations. For travelers with more time, Haghpat and Sanahin , both UNESCO World Heritage sites, are essential stops. Other highly recommended destinations include Khor Virap , Noravank , and Tatev Monastery . Here’s a brief overview of these remarkable locations. Etchmiadzin Cathedral is the mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church, located in the city known both as Etchmiadzin (Ejmiatsin) and Vagharshapat, Armenia. It is widely recognized as the first cathedral built in ancient Armenia and is often regarded as the oldest Christian cathedral in the world. Garni Pagan Temple & Geghard Monastery Tour The Garni-Geghard tour is one of Armenia’s most popular sightseeing experiences, offering a journey from ancient pagan traditions to the dawn of Christianity. Located just a short drive from Yerevan, these landmarks offer an excellent opportunity to explore Armenia’s rich cultural and historical heritage within a few hours. Moreover, thanks to their close proximity, even private tours here are quite budget-friendly. Garni Pagan Temple , built in the 1st century AD during the reign of King Tiridates I , is the only surviving Greco-Roman colonnaded temple in the post-Soviet region. Dedicated to Mihr , the Armenian sun god, it endured centuries of history, including Armenia’s conversion to Christianity in 301 AD. Destroyed by an earthquake in 1679, it was meticulously restored in the 1970s. Today, Garni stands as a rare testament to Armenia’s pre-Christian heritage. On the territory of Garni Fortress, a free toilet is available. Geghard Monastery , a UNESCO World Heritage site in Kotayk Province, dates back to the 4th century and was founded by St. Gregory the Illuminator . Its name, meaning “Monastery of the Spear,” comes from the Holy Lance —the relic believed to have pierced Jesus Christ’s side during the crucifixion, brought to Armenia by the Apostle Thaddeus. While the relic is now kept in the Treasury of Etchmiadzin, Geghard remains a stunning example of rock-hewn Armenian architecture and spiritual significance. Near Geghard Monastery, a paid toilet is available for just 100 AMD. Khor Virap Monastery , set against the majestic backdrop of Mount Ararat, is one of Armenia’s most sacred pilgrimage sites. It marks the 13-year imprisonment of Gregory the Illuminator by King Tiridates III, after which Gregory became the king’s religious mentor, leading Armenia to become the world’s first Christian nation in 301 AD. The first chapel at Khor Virap was built in 642 by Nerses III the Builder to honor Saint Gregory. Over the centuries, it underwent several reconstructions, and in 1662 the larger St. Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God) chapel was built around the original structure, incorporating the monastery, refectory, and monks’ cells. Noravank, a 13th-century Armenian monastic complex, is famed for its Surb Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God) and Surb Karapet (St. John the Baptist) churches. Nestled in a gorge of striking red cliffs, it is one of Armenia’s most photogenic and popular tourist destinations. Sevanavank is a 9th-century monastic complex located on a peninsula of Lake Sevan in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. The complex consists of two churches: Surb Arakelots (“Holy Apostles”) and Surb Astvatsatsin (“Holy Mother of God”), both built with cruciform plans and octagonal tambours. Sanahin and Haghpat Monasteries, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites, are not only remarkable examples of medieval Armenian architecture but also cinematic landmarks. Scenes from Sergei Parajanov’s iconic film The Color of Pomegranates (1969) were filmed here, adding artistic and cultural depth to these already majestic monastic complexes. Urbex tours in Armenia After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many industrial plants, hotels, pioneer camps, culture houses, cable car stations, and other facilities were abandoned, looted, or fell into decay. Over time, these sites have gained a mysterious and captivating atmosphere, attracting travelers fascinated by urbex and abandoned places. Today, they are highly sought-after by urban explorers, and the private guided tours I offer attract hundreds of tourists each year. Here are a few of the remarkable urbex destinations where I personally guide my clients. Hidden in the serene hills of Orgov lies ROT54, a massive, now-abandoned scientific telescope. Built between 1975 and 1985, it features a 54-meter (177 ft) dish and was once among the world’s most advanced radio-optical telescopes. The project was conceived by Paris Herouni, an Armenian radio astronomer, physicist, and engineer, who spent years persuading Soviet authorities to approve its construction in Armenia. The control room of ROT54 The telescope operated from 1986 until 1990. In the mid-1990s, restoration efforts began: between 1995 and 2010, it was partially modernized with new control systems and equipment, allowing observations to resume with support from the Astronomical Society of Russia and the National Technical University of Athens. However, in 2012, a control arm failed, disabling the secondary mirror and halting operations once again. With no funds available for repairs, the facility was ultimately mothballed. Carlus from Spain is happy to finally visit this place From my personal experience, I can tell you that this is one of the most popular destinations for urban explorers, and I often receive requests to take tourists here. A typical tour to ROT54, if we start early at around 7:50 AM from Yerevan, takes about four hours in total — we’re back in the city by midday. So even if you’re using Armenia as a transit stop or are short on time, this is a destination you shouldn’t miss before leaving. The Trophy 1-Meter Schmidt Telescope — Hitler’s Gift to Mussolini On the way to ROT54, we pass through the village of Byurakan, where in 1946 Viktor Hambardzumyan founded one of Armenia’s most renowned scientific centers — the Byurakan Observatory. Several telescopes here are open for visitors, but the one that draws the most attention is the legendary 1-meter Schmidt telescope. This telescope carries significant historical value — it was originally a gift from Hitler to Mussolini, and its inauguration was attended by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. Beyond its political past, it played a key role in major astronomical discoveries. The building that houses the ZTA-2.6 telescope... In 1965, Benjamin Markarian used the Schmidt telescope to conduct the First Byurakan Survey (FBS). Through these observations, he discovered numerous faint galaxies, from the 13th to 17th magnitude, notable for their excess ultraviolet radiation. These celestial bodies became known as Markarian galaxies in his honor. Armenia’s Particle Accelerator Just a short drive from central Yerevan, in what were once the city’s outskirts during the 1960s, stands something few would expect from a small mountainous country better known for its ancient monasteries and volcanic peaks — a particle accelerator. Founded in 1943 as a branch of Yerevan State University by renowned physicists Abraham Alikhanov and Artem Alikhanyan, the Yerevan Physics Institute (YerPhI) soon became a cornerstone of Armenia’s scientific ambitions. In 1965, the LU-75 linear accelerator was completed, and two years later it was joined by a 6 GeV synchrotron. Though its raw power could not match modern giants like CERN, this facility was once among the most advanced in the Soviet Union, operating for over 5,000 hours annually at its peak. The “Arus” synchrotron — about 70 meters in diameter and 220 meters in circumference — was designed to accelerate electrons to 6 GeV. It also generated a beam of linearly polarized photons in the 0.9–1.8 GeV range, enabling high-precision experiments in particle physics and interactions. Tours to an Abandoned Refractory Brick Factory During my urbex tours, we also explore a massive Soviet-era refractory brick factory — a haunting reminder of Armenia’s industrial past. Built in 1951, the factory was strategically positioned near a rich clay deposit, crucial for producing high-quality fire-resistant bricks. At its peak, it employed over 600 workers, forming the backbone of the local economy and sustaining nearby villages and towns. Every day, seven to eight railway wagons carried bricks to Russia, fueling the Soviet Union’s vast industrial demand. Stepping inside today feels like entering a time capsule. Rusting machinery, heavy-duty tools, and even Soviet trucks remain scattered across the vast production halls. Strange metal devices — their purpose now forgotten — lie untouched, frozen in time as industrial relics of a vanished era. The Iron Fountain in Gyumri Despite being abandoned and surrounded by scattered debris, this rusty iron fountain in Gyumri continues to draw curious visitors from around the world — and it’s always on my must-see list when touring the city. This post-apocalyptic masterpiece, officially named the “Friendship” Fountain but better known as “The Iron Fountain,” was designed by renowned Armenian architect Arthur Tarkhanyan. Inaugurated in 1982, it quickly became a favorite gathering place for locals, especially during evening walks. Although the fountain itself survived the devastating 1988 earthquake, the surrounding area fell into neglect. The difficult post-earthquake years left little room for restoration, and the site has since remained a striking symbol of Gyumri’s resilience and faded Soviet grandeur. Tour to an Abandoned Carpet Factory Among my urban exploration tours, one of the most striking stops is this abandoned carpet factory — a vast, silent monument to Armenia’s industrial heritage. Once buzzing with thousands of workers, this colossal plant could produce up to one million square meters of carpet annually. Founded in 1964, it specialized in crafting various types of carpets — including double-walled, jacquard, and five-color designs — using materials such as New Zealand wool, domestic capron, and copper-ammonia fiber. At its peak in 1975, the factory reached record production levels, earning international recognition for the beauty and craftsmanship of its carpets, which combined traditional Armenian patterns with modern aesthetics. These works were exhibited across the globe — from Montreal and São Paulo to Beirut, Baghdad, Prague, Plovdiv, Leipzig, and even at the Exhibition of Achievements of the People’s Economy of the USSR (VDNKh). Tours to Soviet-era sanatoriums During my urbex tours, we also explore Soviet-era sanatoriums — both still operating and long abandoned. Many of these places hold fascinating stories, as some were built by German war captives after World War II. Their architecture alone is worth the visit: grand, atmospheric, and often surprisingly elegant, these buildings never fail to captivate those who step inside. Although this one is abandoned, it remains well-preserved and features wide corridors, elegant balconies, and a mysterious atmosphere that continues to attract visitors from around the world. Urban Explorer tours to Soviet-Era Pioneer Camps This abandoned pioneer camp in Armenia is one of the best-preserved I’ve ever seen. As you explore its overgrown grounds, you’ll encounter striking relics of the past — from grand mosaics adorning the swimming pool walls to statues of iconic figures like Buratino and Medz Mher. During the Soviet era, Armenia had around 200 pioneer camps, but only about ten survived after the collapse of the USSR. These camps were typically located outside cities, nestled in the woods, offering children a retreat into nature. The “Fairy-Tale” camp was among the finest in Armenia. It officially opened in 1985 and operated until roughly 1993. Its story was dramatically affected by the 1988 earthquake, which partially destroyed buildings and delayed renovations. By the time the camp reopened, the Soviet Union had dissolved, marking the end of its era. Hidden in Yerevan’s Hrazdan Gorge lies the abandoned Children’s Railway, a nostalgic remnant of Soviet-era Armenia. Built in 1937, it once delighted generations with its charming trains and stations named Motherland, Pioneer, and Happiness. The railway’s elegant station, designed by prominent Armenian architects, still stands surrounded by nature, its stained-glass windows perfect for photography. Though now privatized and silent, traces of its past glory remain everywhere. If you enjoy forgotten places with history and atmosphere, this spot is well worth a visit. Ready to explore Armenia with Suren? If this sparks your interest, let’s chat! Send me a message on WhatsApp or Telegram to plan your perfect adventure in Armenia. Safe travels! 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Step off the map and explore a cyclopean fortress that few people have visited. Though still a non popular destination I personally see a huge potential in this trail and consider it to be one of the best hikes an outdoor adventurer can take! Join my guided tour, discover and experience Armenia. < Back Hiking tour to Tghit cyclopean fortress Step off the map and explore a cyclopean fortress that few people have visited. Though still a non popular destination I personally see a huge potential in this trail and consider it to be one of the best hikes an outdoor adventurer can take! Join my guided tour, discover and experience Armenia. If you are the one who wants to step off the map and explore non-popular hiking destinations then this trail is for you. Tghit Cyclopic Fortress is a Late Bronze and Early Iron Age fortress located 2.5 km west of Tegehnik village in the Kotayk region, on one of the wooded peaks of the Tsaghkunyats mountain range. The thick bushes were hindering my advance but already I am a few meters away from conquering the cyclopean fortress! It was discovered in 1975 by the joint archaeological expedition of the Institutes of Art, Archaeology, and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR and the Armenian Studies Center of Yerevan University. The fortress comprises a walled settlement, a reservoir, and tombs, covering an area of approximately 1 hectare. I stood there, gazing in wonder, contemplating how our ancestors managed to build walls that have stood for thousands of years. In some places, the preserved parts of the walls and towers exceed 6 meters in height. The main gate is approximately 5 meters wide and two existing entrances are still intact. Coffee break inside Tghit cyclopean fortress Although extensive excavations have not been conducted on the site thus far, it beckons further exploration and study to unravel its secrets and shed light on this ancient civilization's remarkable accomplishments. Tour Details: Start: 7:30-8.00 AM from Yerevan Finish: Around 4-5 PM in Yerevan Hiking Distance: 5 km (One way) Duration: 2.5-3 hours (Ascent)! Altitude Gain: 640 meters Start point: Tegheniq village End point: Tegheniq village Difficulty: Moderate Trail Type: Out-and-Back Transportation: Sedan --------------- Tour Price to the Cyclopic Fortress Tghit Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group): 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! --------------- The price includes: Pick up & drop off (In Yerevan) Transportation in air conditioned vehicle Service of a guide -------------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) ----------- List of things you should consider taking: 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: Sufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots: Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! Project Gallery You May Also Like Suren, the hiking guide in Armenia 1-Day Hiking Tour to Lastiver from Yerevan Best One-Day Hiking Tours from Yerevan A Hiking Adventure to Mount Tesilk and its Mysterious Cave 2-Day Hiking and Sightseeing Tour in Armenia's Lori Region Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail 1-Day Hike to Mount Ara Hiking tour to mount Yeranos

This abandoned hotel hides one of the most amazing mosaics one can see in Armenia! A paradise for art lovers and urbex photographers! < Back Exploring an Abandoned Hotel This abandoned hotel hides one of the most amazing mosaics one can see in Armenia! A paradise for art lovers and urbex photographers! The first time I saw this mosaic was in G. Mattu’s post, and he was the one who guided me there. I was so happy to finally visit this place and see the magical mosaic by Armenian painter, Honored Artist of the USSR (1983), Garnik Smbatyan (1929—2003). An old road led us closer, and finally we spotted the hidden complex, surrounded by trees on the shore of the lake. Architect: Vache Atadjanyan Structural Engineer: Karlen Kazaryan The complex consists of two three-story residential buildings with 116 beds each, a nine-story residential building with a capacity of 320 beds, and a club-canteen building. All structures are connected by a reception and administrative block located on the ground floor of the nine-story building. The load-bearing structures of the three-story buildings are transverse walls, while the remaining buildings are based on a prefabricated reinforced-concrete frame. The façades are clad with tiles and stone made of felsite and local tuff. The project was developed in 1968. Construction was carried out between 1970 and 1981. The abandoned hotel was an architectural marvel... From time to time, guards are present, but that day there was no one around. Getting in was easy; early explorers (hopefully not looters) had made a way in. We sneaked in, and I saw the magic! The gigantic mosaic left me speechless. This is what I look for during my explorations. Some are looking for old machinery, documents, but what drives me is her majesty art. The Birth of Astghik, a mosaic by artists Garnik Smbatyan, Araqel Araqelyan, Mikael Gyurjyan, Rouben Hovnatanyan, and Yuri Babayan. Year 1982 In pagan Armenia, Astghik was originally the goddess of the creation of heaven and earth. Over time, her image evolved, and she became primarily associated with love, beauty, and fertility. In the mosaic, the moment of Astghik’s birth is shown: she stands nude, while nymphs approach her with a cloth to cover her nakedness. The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli Smbatyan was a prolific and talented painter whose works are exhibited in the National Gallery of Armenia and can be found in private collections in Armenia and abroad. The artist was inspired by The Birth of Venus, a painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli, probably executed in the mid-1480s. It depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her birth, when she had emerged from the sea fully-grown (called Venus Anadyomene and often depicted in art). A fresco copy of Ivan Aivazovsky’s View of Constantinople by Moonlight on the wall of the hotel For comparison here is the original painting! Ivan Aivazovsky "View of Constantinople by moonlight" We moved forward, exploring further, and found ourselves in the cinema hall, but there was nothing left behind. On each floor, when going up the stairs, one could see murals, copies of famous paintings. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia The Chayka Monument That Angered Nikita Khrushchev During His 1961 Visit to Armenia Previous Next