In this brief article, I am presenting information about early Armenian travelers - brave individuals renowned for not only forging valuable trade and diplomatic connections during their journeys but also acquiring esoteric knowledge from Tibetan monks and Hindi fakirs. Concurrently, Abovyan emerged as the pioneer to ascend the summit of the Biblical Mount Ararat, dispelling notions of an Ark resting there. Additionally he conquered Little Ararat, as well as Mount Aragats (the first recorded ascent). < Back Early Armenian Explorers In this brief article, I am presenting information about early Armenian travelers - brave individuals renowned for not only forging valuable trade and diplomatic connections during their journeys but also acquiring esoteric knowledge from Tibetan monks and Hindi fakirs. Concurrently, Abovyan emerged as the pioneer to ascend the summit of the Biblical Mount Ararat, dispelling notions of an Ark resting there. Additionally he conquered Little Ararat, as well as Mount Aragats (the first recorded ascent). Sargis Abegha Sargis Abegha (b. 1550 - d. 1635) was an Armenian traveler-writer of the 16th century. Thanks to his "Travel Notes," discovered in 1940 in Diyarbakır, we can learn about his journeys. In the beginning of 1587, he left Yerznka for Constantinople, from where he began his six-year journey (1587-1592) in Europe. He traveled by ship to Smyrna, then to Italy (visiting Venice, Rome, Padua, and other cities). He traveled on foot from Italy to Switzerland (Zurich, Basel, etc.), reached Flanders along the banks of the Rhine (Koblenz, Cologne, etc.), went to England (London and 25 other cities), and then to France (Lyon, Marseille, Paris, etc.). From the port of Nantes, he went to Spain (Burgos, Salamanca, Zamora, etc.), Portugal (Porto, Lisbon, etc.), and then back to Spain (Seville, Cordova, Granada, Toledo, Madrid, Barcelona, etc.). He sailed to Italy from the Spanish port of Valencia, visited Genoa, Florence, Naples, and other cities, as well as the islands of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. He returned by ship from Venice in 1591 to Constantinople. From there, he went to Moldova, visiting cities with large Armenian communities such as Tsassi, Suchava, Botoshan, and Khotyn. He crossed the Dniester to Poland, visiting Kamenets-Podulsk, where he found large Armenian communities. He returned to Moldova, sailed from Akkerman to Trabzon, and returned from there to St. Kyrakos Monastery. Sargis, in his "Traveling Notes," did not limit himself to the description of temples and sanctuaries; he also provided details about the population of the cities he visited, their occupations, the state of charitable and cultural institutions, and the political situation of the given countries. During his travels, he learned Italian, German, Flemish, English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese. Summarizing the first and main period of his journey (1587-1591), Sargis writes that he visited 1,000 fortresses and cities, 4,000 churches, 3,000 monasteries, and 8,000 nunneries. Zakaria Aguletsi Zakaria Aguletsi was an Armenian traveler and merchant, born around September 26 (October 6), 1630, in Verin Agulis. Between 1647 and 1681, during his commercial activities, he visited Iran, Turkey, Italy, Spain, Germany, and Holland. He documented his travels in his travel notes, providing information on the nature, population, land and sea routes, domestic and international trade, economic and political life of the second half of the 17th century, as well as the structure of rural communities in Armenia. He also discussed internal conflicts, community state, manorial lands, forms of tax collection, administrative structure, popular unrest, and the enrichment of the population by the khans. Aguletsi's records also include details about retail and wholesale prices of products, offering insights into the living standards of the population. Khachatur Abovyan A mosaic of Khachatur Abovian and Friedrich Parrot (in Khachatur Abovyan House-Museum) Khachatur Abovyan (1809-1848) was an outstanding Armenian writer, pedagogue, enlightener, and founder of Eastern Armenian secular literature. He was also an explorer. In 1829, Professor Friedrich Parrott from the University of Dorpat (a city in Estonia) came to Etchmiadzin to climb the peak of Ararat with a group of scientists. Khachatur Abovyan was ordained as a deacon and translator in Etchmiatsin for important occasions involving Russian and European travelers who came to conduct various scientific studies.The expedition had received approval from Emperor Nicholas I, who also provided a military escort. At the professor's request, Catholicos, familiar with the local circumstances, allowed Abovyan to participate in the scientific expedition. Passing Araks, they reached Akori, located on the northern slope of Ararat, at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. Following the advice of Harutyun Alamdaryan, the expedition set up a camp near the Saint Hakob Monastery (at an altitude of 2400m above sea level). Their first attempt to climb the peak of Ararat on the northern slope failed due to a lack of warm clothes. After 6 days, following the advice of Stepan Khojiyants, the village head of Akori, the expedition started the ascent on the northwestern slope. Having reached the height of 4885 m, they had to return because they would not be able to reach the top before sunset. The expedition successfully reached the top of Ararat on the third attempt on September 27, 1829 (October 9) at 15:00. Abovyan made a hole in the ice and placed a wooden cross facing north. He also put a piece of ice in a bottle and brought it down as holy water. Later, climbing to the top of Ararat was declared "blasphemy," and Abovyan was persecuted by the clergy. On November 8 of the same year, Abovyan and Parrot climbed to the top of Small Ararat, Sis. In 1845, Abovyan climbed to the top of Ararat again, this time with the German naturalist Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich. For the third and final time, Abovyan climbed to the top of Ararat in 1846 with the Englishman Henry Danby Seymour. George Ivanovich Gurdjieff George Ivanovich Gurdjieff (c. 1867 – October 29, 1949) was an Armenian philosopher, traveler, mystic, spiritual teacher, composer, and dance teacher. Gurdjieff was born in Alexandropol (now Gyumri) in the Russian Empire (now Armenia). He spent his childhood in Kars (medieval Armenian capital), which, from 1878 to 1918, served as the administrative capital of the Russian-ruled Transcaucasus province of Kars Oblast. Both the city of Kars and its surrounding territory housed a diverse population, including Armenians, Russians, Caucasus Greeks, Georgians, Turks, Kurds, and smaller numbers of Christian communities from Eastern and Central Europe, as well as the Yazidi community. Growing up in this multi-ethnic society, Gurdjieff became fluent in Armenian, Pontic Greek, Russian, and Turkish, the latter spoken in a blend of elegant Osmanlı and some dialect. Later, he acquired "a working facility with several European languages." In his youth, Gurdjieff avidly read literature from various sources. Influenced by these writings and experiencing phenomena he could not explain, he developed the conviction that a hidden truth known to mankind in the past could not be ascertained from science or mainstream religion. In early adulthood, Gurdjieff's search for such knowledge led him to travel extensively to Central Asia, Egypt, Iran, India, Tibet, and other places before returning to Russia for a few years in 1912. Notably, he was one of the earliest European travelers who successfully visited Tibet, a region that, as we know, was closed to foreigners. During his travels, Gurdjieff studied various spiritual traditions, including Sufism, Buddhism, and Eastern Christianity. He collected fragments of ancient knowledge, as well as sacred music and dances from the countries he visited. He founded the "Institute for Harmonious Development of Man" (1919-1922), dedicated to personal growth, consciousness, and existence in everyday life. 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This article offers concise details about the Geghama mountain range, covering its geography, flora, fauna, and historical monuments. It serves as a valuable tourist guide for those eager to take a hiking trip to Geghama mountains. < Back Geghama Mountains and Azhdahak This article offers concise details about the Geghama mountain range, covering its geography, flora, fauna, and historical monuments. It serves as a valuable tourist guide for those eager to take a hiking trip to Geghama mountains. The Geghama Mountains, also known as the Geghama Ridge, are a range of mountains located in Armenia. This mountain ridge stretches between Lake Sevan and the Ararat Plain, covering a length of 70 km and a width of 48 km. The range is of volcanic origin and the volcanic activity in the area peaked around 200 ka (in the context of geology, “ka” stands for “kilo-annum”, which is a unit of time equal to one thousand years. So, when it is said that the volcanic activity peaked around 200 ka, it means that the peak of the volcanic activity occurred approximately 200,000 years ago). The volcanoes Spitaksar (3560 m) and Geghasar (3446 m), which erupted 120ka and 80-40ka ago respectively, are sources of obsidian in Armenia. Satellite image of Geghama mountain ranage The highest peak of the Geghama mountains is Azhdahak, standing tall at 3597m, while the average elevation of the range is approximately 2500m. A lake has formed in the crater of the Azhdahak volcano, which is fed by meltwater throughout the year. Another crater lake is located in the crater of the Tar volcano, adjacent to Azhdahak. The second highest mountain is Spitakasar, with a height of 3560 meters above sea level. The frozen crater lake of Mount Azhdahak The name of the Geghama Ridge is associated with the name of Gegham - the great-grandson of the legendary ancestor of the Armenians, Hayk. Ecology The bird fauna of the Geghama mountains includes about 250 species, accounting for 70% of all Armenia’s avifauna. The area is home to a variety of bird species including: Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), Imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), Bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus). Animals include hares, rabbits, wolves, foxes, rarely bears, and reptiles include lizards and snakes. ------ The following plants are typically found in the Gegham Mountains: Peacock-eye pink (Dianthus pavonius) Whiteout (Iberis sempervirens) Basket of gold (Aurinia saxatilis) Jurinea moschus Arabis caucasica Catsfoot diclinous (Antennaria dioica) Gentiana pontica Red everlasting (Helichrysum pallasii) Lady’s-mantle (Alchemilla grossheimii) Alpine cinquefoil (Potentilla crantzi) Sibbaldia (Sibbaldia parviflora) Merendera Radde (Colchicum raddeanum) Oxytrope Lazica (Oxytropis lazica) Vavilovia Oshe (Lathyrus formosus). Peacock-eye pink (Dianthus pavonius) Historical Monuments Petroglyphs The Geghama mountains are rich in historical monuments, including petroglyphs and dragonstones, indicating that there were settlements in the area for thousands of years. There are a few geographical areas in Armenia where petroglyphs are concentrated; Geghama Ridge is among them! A quick glance at this petroglyph reveals images of deers and bulls A great number of petroglyphs (rock carvings) have been found in the area. These are source of historical information and in some sense can be treated as written monuments. They show men in scenes of hunting and working, as well as both domesticated and wild animals. Additionally, they depict astronomical bodies such as the Sun, the Moon, constellations, and the stellar sky. Phenomena such as lightning is also represented. Sketches of petroglyphs of Geghama mountains. (The petroglyphs of Geghama mountains/H.A. Martirosyan, 1981). Image colors are inverted Rock carvings can be used as rich sources of paleogeological information. Dominant among rock-carved animals is the bezoar goat, widespread in the high Alpine zones of prehistoric Armenia. Armenia offered favorable conditions for early goat and sheep domestication and improvement through crossbreeding with wild stock. Of high artistic quality among all the images in the Geghama mountain range are the lutiform carvings of deer, which impress with their realistic form. The study of rock carvings has brought to light another member of the extinct fauna - the elk. Dragon stone or Vishapakar Vishapakar, also known as dragons, dragon-stones, megalithic monuments, or menhirs, are monoliths abundant in the Armenian Highland. Situated at high altitudes, they are often found near natural and artificial ponds, as well as other water sources in proximity to high-altitude lakes, forming an intricate connection to the worship of water. A sketch of the dragonstone located near Dragon lake from Boris Piotrovsky’s book "Vishaps, Stone Monuments in Armenian Mountains." There are approximately 150 known vishaps discovered in the Armenian Highland, and 90 of them are located in Armenia. Most of the Vishaps found were lying horizontally, having fallen from their original standing positions. The concept of Vishaps was first introduced by the Armenian writer Atrpet in 1880, and his work was later published in 1926. In 1909, scientists began studying dragonstones (or vishaps) found in the Gegham mountains. That same year, during excavations at Armenia’s Pagan Temple of Garni by Nicholas Marr and Yakov Smirnov, local residents shared stories about Vishaps dwelling in the mountains. This prompted a scientific expedition to the Gegham mountains to confirm the existence of Vishaps and assess their scientific significance. Nicholas Marr standing near a dragon-stone in Geghama mountains, 1909 The findings from the Gegham mountains were published in 1931. They are considered to be Armenia’s oldest monuments, and to this day, they continue to be examined by scientists. The southeastern slopes of the Gegham mountains contain the Khosrov Forest, planted in the 4th century by Khosrov I and converted into a state park in 1958. During the summer season Geghama ridge is being inhabited by nomadic herders. This mountainous region attracts tourists from around the world with its charming landscapes and historical monuments. It is a must-visit destination for those who love to lead an active lifestyle and feel the calming presence of nature. Lakes in Geghama Mountains Lake Akna The largest lake in the Geghama mountain range is Lake Akna. It is situated at an elevation of 3030 meters above sea level, with a surface area of 0.5 square kilometers. The maximum depth is 15 meters, and the water capacity is 3.91 million cubic meters. It is primarily fed by snowmelt and springs. Sunset as seen from the shore of lake Akna In 1959, a reservoir was created by damming the lake. It underwent reconstruction in 1976, and its length is now 360 meters. Dragon Lake Dragon Lake is located 9 km east of Geghard village, at an altitude of 2620 meters above sea level, covering an area of 30 hectares. Dragon lake in Geghama mountains Lake Nazeli The lake is situated approximately 1.5 km east of Mount Nazeli at an altitude of 3100 meters. In old maps, it is referred to as Badi (Duck) Lake. The last photo before descending towards lake Nazeli Coming back to Azhdahak! This mountain is a popular tourist destination, renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and crater lake. Its unique beauty and volcanic origin make it a must-visit location. For a hiking tour to mount Azhdahak check out this link please! Thanks Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

This church in Mrgashat village, Armenia, boasts a design that immediately caught my eye! I had never seen any church in Armenia with wooden columns before, making it truly stand out < Back An Armenian church with a unique design This church in Mrgashat village, Armenia, boasts a design that immediately caught my eye! I had never seen any church in Armenia with wooden columns before, making it truly stand out Known as the Holy Mother of God Church or Surb Astsvatsatsin Church in Armenian, it is an Armenian Apostolic Holy Church situated in the village of Mrgashat in the Armavir region of Armenia. It was constructed in the 19th century. The Church of the Holy Mother of God in Mrgashat village was erected in 1865 and consecrated in 1903, replacing a chapel that previously occupied the site. Before the renovation the basilica-style structure featured an earth-covered roof. It is constructed of black and yellow tuff stone, measuring (33 x 17) meters. During the Soviet era, particularly from 1937 to 1980, the church was repurposed as a grain warehouse. In 2007, renovations of the church commenced. On October 15, 2011, it was re-consecrated by the head of the diocese, Fr. Sion Bishop Adamyan. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Armenia, a mountainous country in the South Caucasus, is perfect for off-road adventures. Explore curated itineraries—from Mount Dimats to Lake Rapi—and create unforgettable memories on tours designed to match your adventurous spirit! Off-Road Tour to Armenia’s Mount Dimats Join me on the most epic off-road adventure in Armenia! Discover Mount Dimats — a stunning 2360m peak in Tavush known for its dramatic cliffs, wild horses, and Armenia’s tallest waterfall. This 4x4 tour combines jaw-dropping nature, light hiking, and unforgettable photo spots. Perfect for thrill-seekers, nature lovers, and anyone craving a raw, off-the-beaten-path experience. Read More

If you are traveling across the Lori region and looking for something special, something different, then this museum in Tumanyan town is for you. Here, you can find a cozy museum of matchbox labels and a unique café named Flying Samovar. < Back A Visit to the Tumanyan Matchbox Label Museum If you are traveling across the Lori region and looking for something special, something different, then this museum in Tumanyan town is for you. Here, you can find a cozy museum of matchbox labels and a unique café named Flying Samovar. Nestled amidst the lush landscapes of Armenia's Lori Province lies the tiny town of Tumanyan. While seemingly unassuming at first glance, Tumanyan boasts unique architecture and a museum that sparks the imagination and ignites a sense of nostalgia: the Tumanyan Matchbox Label Museum. Raffi, the founder of the museum, says that when he first came to Tumanyan, he was impressed by the combination of architecture and nature. This one-of-a-kind museum, established in 2021, proudly displays a collection exceeding 10,000 matchbox labels, each a miniature window into a bygone era. The trees conceal one of the most amazing museums of its kind The "Development of Innovative Tourism and Technologies for Armenia" program of the EU4Business initiative supported the establishment of the museum. While there are many Soviet labels, the museum includes labels from around the world, from Europe to India, as well as Japan and Australia. Countless themes are covered throughout the museum, although the collection seems to highlight labels related to public education campaigns, crafts, flags and coats of arms, space, humor, puzzles, and match-themed labels. For collectors, the museum provides a treasure trove. The oldest label proudly displayed dates back to 1920, a testament to the long and fascinating history of matchbox label design. Exploring Tumanyan Matchbox Label Museum The museum boasts an extensive collection of matchbox labels featuring famous individuals, including a unique series with drawings by Alexander Pushkin. Additionally, there are labels depicting the various nations of the USSR, as well as numerous labels themed around cosmonautics. This charming museum houses thousands of matchbox labels, showcasing a diverse array of national costumes and seals, educational themes, space imagery, and various symbolic motifs. It offers a unique and enriching experience for visitors. Matchboxes were truly a reflection of a given country and period. So, if you are familiar with the culture, history, public manners, and customs of a particular country, you will immediately distinguish which country the matchbox is from. Coffee break at "Flying Samovar Café," located just across from the museum Countries presented their sporting achievements, culture, customs, cities, and animal and plant diversity through matchbox labels. There is a very unique series that represents the history of aeromodelling, from the simplest helicopter to the modern airplane. After your tour, I also suggest you visit the “Flying Samovar Café” on the opposite side of the museum, where you can enjoy a cup of coffee with nice arched windows creating a panoramic view. You can also see rare posters and a small collection of clocks and typewriters. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Explore the poignant history of a unique Armenian monument destroyed by Azerbaijani vandals in Soviet times < Back A unique monument in Armenia destroyed by Azerbaijani vandals Explore the poignant history of a unique Armenian monument destroyed by Azerbaijani vandals in Soviet times In 1968, a distinctive monument was erected at the entrance of Vardenis, Armenia. This composition featured a striking bull statue alongside a sculptural relief. The monument was the work of renowned sculptor Rafael Yekmalyan and esteemed architect Rafael Israelyan. Fortunately, a few historical photos have made their way to our days Unfortunately, the monument has not survived. According to sculptor Harutyun Yekmalyan, son of Rafael Yekmalyan, it was destroyed by Azerbaijanis. The bull statue was severely damaged and, by some accounts, buried by Azerbaijanis in the 1980s. Efforts to restore the monument were once blocked under the pretext of avoiding heightened tensions with Azerbaijan. The remnants of the monument today We hope that someday Armenian authorities will find the will and desire to rebuild this unique memorial. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

In 301, Armenia became the first country in the world to officially adopt Christianity! The journey from pagan faith to Christianity started from here: Khor Virap, which translates to "Deep Pit" in Armenian. Later, in the 7th century, a chapel was built over the pit to commemorate these important historical episodes in Armenian history. Today, this historic site is both a pilgrimage destination and a major tourist attraction. < Back Khor Virap Monastery: From the Pit to the First Christian Country In 301, Armenia became the first country in the world to officially adopt Christianity! The journey from pagan faith to Christianity started from here: Khor Virap, which translates to "Deep Pit" in Armenian. Later, in the 7th century, a chapel was built over the pit to commemorate these important historical episodes in Armenian history. Today, this historic site is both a pilgrimage destination and a major tourist attraction. In 287 AD, Tiridates III of Armenia came to power. Tiridates III was the son of King Khosrov II of Armenia, who was assassinated in 252 by a Parthian agent named Anak. Anak was captured and executed along with most of his family, while his son, Gregory the Illuminator, was sheltered in Caesarea, Cappadocia, where he was introduced to the Christian religion. Khor Virap Monastic Complex As the only surviving heir to the throne, Tiridates was quickly taken away to Rome soon after his father's assassination while still an infant. He was educated in Rome and became skilled in languages and military tactics. In addition, he firmly understood and appreciated Roman law. The Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi describes him as a strong and brave warrior, who participated in combat against his enemies and personally led his army to victory in many battles. Accompanied by Roman troops, Tiridates returned to Mets Hayk in 287 to reclaim the throne. The young Gregory, the son of Anak, also joined him, becoming a loyal comrade-in-arms of the king. Gregory received a Christian education in Caesarea. After the victory against Persia, King Tiridates offered Gregory the opportunity to make an offering to the goddess Anahit. Gregory refused to sacrifice to the idol. King Tiridates III the Great Upon learning that Gregory was the son of Anak, the man who had killed his father, Tiridates III ordered him to be thrown into the dungeon known as "Khor Virap", where Gregory endured 14 years of confinement. Khor Virap, which translates to "deep pit," was originally a royal prison in Artashat city. Legend states that Saint Gregory survived this ordeal thanks to the secret compassion of a kind woman, who sustained him by providing bread and water in secrecy During this time, Tiridates III enforced pagan practices, issuing proclamations and imposing the death penalty on Christians. According to tradition, after a few years, King Tiridates fell ill with a condition described as resembling swine flu. The cause of his illness was attributed to the murder of 33 Hripsimian virgins who had fled from Roman Emperor Diocletian. Among them, Hripsime was stoned to death for rejecting the king’s marriage proposal. Agathangelos writes: "Tiridates began to rage and eat himself, and like Nebuchadnezzar, king of the Babylonians, left his human nature and, in the form of wild pigs, went to live among them." Tiridates’ sister, Khosrovidukht, had a dream revealing that only Grigor, still imprisoned, could heal the king. Gregory was brought out of the dungeon and taken to Vagharshapat. He buried the remains of the martyred virgins, established a five-day fast, and through prayers, healed the king. A painting of Gregory the Illuminator by Vardges Sureniants An epoch-making event in Armenian history occurred in 301 when Tiridates III officially recognized Christianity as the state religion. Afterwards king Tiridates III and Gregory the Illuminato traveled across Armenia, destroying pagan monuments and establishing Christian ones in their place. Saint Astvatsatsin Church By the decision of the Council of Elders, Tiridates sent Gregory to Caesarea, where he was ordained as a bishop. Upon his return, the newly consecrated Catholicos baptized Tiridates and his court in the Aratsani River. Together, they initiated the construction of the Mother Cathedral of Etchmiadzin. The entrance to Khor Virap "Deep Pit" inside Saint Gregory Chapel In around 642, Catholicos Nerses III built a chapel over the pit where Gregory had been imprisoned. While the original structure did not survive, the current buildings date back to the 17th century. Modern-Day Khor Virap The monastery complex, built in the 17th century, includes the Saint Gregory Church, the Saint Astvatsatsin Church, and the famous underground dungeon known as Khor Virap (Deep Pit). Visitors can descend into this pit via a narrow ladder, experiencing the space where Saint Gregory endured his imprisonment. Saint Gregory Chapel (1662–1669): Built on the foundations of an earlier church, it houses the dungeon beneath its High Altar. Saint Astvatsatsin Church : Located in the center of the complex, this domed church features bas relief of Gregory and Tiridates. Walls and Bell Tower : The bell tower, built in the 19th century, is adorned with columns, while the surrounding walls date to the 17th century. Khor Virap also served as an educational center, founded by Vardan Areveltsi in 1255. Many manuscripts copied here are preserved at the Mesrop Mashtots Matenadaran in Yerevan. The complex underwent renovation during the 1960s and 1970s. His Holiness Karekin II and the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church visiting Khor Virap Tourism and Accessibility Located approximately 40 kilometers from Yerevan, Khor Virap is easily accessible by car or guided tour. Its proximity to the Turkish-Armenian border provides unparalleled views of Mount Ararat, a national symbol of Armenia. The picturesque surroundings and profound historical significance make it a must-visit destination for travelers exploring Armenia. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

I’m Suren, a tour guide in Armenia. In this article, I’ll tell you a bit about myself and the services I offer, while sharing practical advice for travelers planning a trip to Armenia. My expertise lies in urbex, hiking, off-roading, and sightseeing tours — so that’s where we’ll focus. The tips I share come from both my own experience and valuable feedback from travelers I’ve guided through these places. Trust me — I know the way. < Back Guide in Armenia I’m Suren, a tour guide in Armenia. In this article, I’ll tell you a bit about myself and the services I offer, while sharing practical advice for travelers planning a trip to Armenia. My expertise lies in urbex, hiking, off-roading, and sightseeing tours — so that’s where we’ll focus. The tips I share come from both my own experience and valuable feedback from travelers I’ve guided through these places. Trust me — I know the way. About me... I’m Suren, a professional tour guide in Armenia. Many travelers look for guides who also provide transportation — yes, I drive my own car. My car is Mitsubishi Pajero 4. (Photo and more details below.) Since 2014, I’ve been guiding travelers across the country — from easy hiking trails to challenging mountain summits, remote off-road routes, and explorations of abandoned places. Over the years, I’ve gained both deep knowledge and practical experience, which I’m happy to share with anyone planning to hike in Armenia. During my tours, I bring along a photo album featuring historical images. It lets visitors see how landmarks looked before restoration—or even before they disappeared entirely. So, lace up your boots — let’s get started! Yep, that’s me posing for a photo in the sacred valley of Tirinkatar, near the Armenian vishap — the ancient “dragon stone”! During my freelance work with various tour agencies, I noticed that many travelers struggle to get in direct contact with local guides. When I launched my website, my goal was to make it easier for travelers to connect directly with a guide — to discuss upcoming trips, customize itineraries, and decide whether the guide is the right fit for their holiday experience. After all, it’s the guide — not the tour agency — who shares both the challenges and the joys of the journey with travelers. My car, a Mitsubishi Pajero 4, is my reliable workhorse — built to handle tough terrain and ensure every tour runs smoothly and to its fullest potential. Best hikes in Armenia And that’s where Armenian Explorer comes in — to make that connection possible. I hope this article helps more travelers find me and boosts my visibility in search results. Having a master’s degree in Comparative Literature helps me access and interpret a wide range of historical information about Armenia, allowing me to share it with travelers and tell the stories behind each unique place we visit. The tours are conducted in English or Russian, and I also have a basic knowledge of German. On the shore of Lake Kari (3,200 m), after taking a memorable photo with a group from Singapore, I’ll be guiding them to the summit of the southern peak of Mount Aragats. Now I’ll provide concise, step-by-step information about the most popular tourist destinations in Armenia. Let’s start with hiking. Armenia is a paradise for hikers. The country offers trails of all difficulty levels — from gentle forest walks to challenging climbs above 3,000 meters. In winter, we usually avoid peaks higher than 3000 meters because of deep snow and mud, which make both hiking and off-road access impossible. From June to late October, conditions improve; at lower altitudes it can be quite hot, making this the best season for climbing Armenia’s 3,000-plus-meter summits. Mount Azhdahak One of the most popular hiking destinations in Armenia is Mount Azhdahak (3,597 m) — the highest point of the Geghama mountain range. The “Red Giant” is famous for its volcanic lake at 3,500 meters and the panoramic views of Lake Sevan, Lake Akna, and surrounding peaks like Red Ridge and Spitakasar. Yes, you can also swim in the crater lake, so bring your swimwear. Keep in mind, however, that the water is very cold — around 10°C even in the hottest summer days — and the lakebed is covered with sharp rocks. Swimming in deeper areas is strongly not recommended. The most common trail starts near Mount Paytasar, but for beginner hikers, I often drive up closer to Azhdahak’s base — leaving only about a 50-minute hike to the summit. Lake Akna, Lake Badi, and Dragon Lake are among the most popular camping spots in this area, but we will talk about it later. The Geghama Mountains are ideal not only for day hikes but also for multi-day trekking and camping adventures, which I regularly include in my tours. A quick stop near the Geghama petroglyphs to explore these ancient carvings. Important! Over the years, I’ve encountered many tourists who tried to reach Mount Azhdahak with a rental crossover, only to turn back when they found the terrain too rocky and dangerous for such vehicles. You’ll need a strong, high-clearance car, solid driving and navigation skills, and the ability to handle unexpected challenges. Mud is usually not an issue — you won’t get stuck — but slippery slopes are common, and rainy days can make the route especially difficult. Starting the hike from Geghard village can be quite difficult, especially if you don’t know the locations of the water springs. If you’re not an experienced hiker with good map and navigation skills, it’s better to hire a guide. In the Geghama Mountains, you will find yourself in absolute wilderness, so don’t expect to find a toilet. Mount Aragats — The Roof of Armenia Another must-visit hiking destination is Mount Aragats (4,090 m) — the highest mountain in Armenia. It has four distinct peaks: Northern Summit — 4,090 m (the highest point in Armenia) Western Summit — 3,995 m Eastern Summit — 3,908 m Southern Summit — 3,888 m There are two main starting points for climbing Aragats — Lake Kari (3,200 m) and Gegharot Waterfall (3,000 m) . Lake Kari is easily accessible by car thanks to an old asphalt road built during Soviet times, more than half a century ago, to allow scientists to reach the Cosmic Ray Research Station. It also serves as a convenient base for climbing all four peaks of Mount Aragats. However, the road is open only from mid-May to the end of October. On the shore of Lake Kari, there is a restaurant and a hotel, but don’t expect to use their toilets. You will need to rely on an open-air toilet—beware of this. In late October 2025, we got stuck in deep snow, as this area is highly exposed to strong winds and snowstorms that often block the road. Luckily, while we were enjoying a cup of coffee, a bulldozer arrived and cleared the road. Gegharot Waterfall offers a shorter route to the northern and eastern summits but requires a high-clearance off-road vehicle to reach. Keep in mind that the road to Gegharot is just as rough as the one to Mount Azhdahak — a sturdy vehicle is a must. Last time I was there, I saw dozens of cars abandoned along the way; their drivers realized too late that the rocky terrain would destroy their plastic crossovers, so they gave up on climbing Aragats and were lucky just to make it as far as the waterfall. In this area, you are already far from any civilization—only tourists and shepherds may be encountered here. There are no toilets and no tourist infrastructure. Wild Armenia welcomes you! We have just reached the crater of mount Aragats and are ready for the final summit push! If you’re fit and up for a challenge, you can conquer two peaks in a single day — usually the Southern and Western summits. For a more immersive experience, consider a two-day trek: start from Lake Kari, climb the first two peaks, camp overnight inside Aragats’ massive crater, and the next day, ascend the Northern and Eastern summits before descending to Gegharot waterfall, where an off-road car can meet you. Winter and Easy Hikes in Armenia In winter, I recommend hikes to Lastiver, the Lake Parz–Goshavank trail, Smbataberd (Fortress of Smbat), or a climb to Mount Artanish. The summit of Mount Artanish is the only point from where you can see the entire Lake Sevan from above — a view that’s truly unforgettable. Located in the Gegharkunik region, on the eastern shore of Lake Sevan, the mountain stands on the Artanish Peninsula, which separates Big and Small Sevan. Rising to 2,460 meters above sea level with a relative height of 560 meters, this hike covers about 5 km one way, takes around 2.5 hours, and involves an elevation gain of 560 meters. Descending from mount Artanish! Lastiver is home to a two-story cave carved into a steep canyon slope near the majestic gorge of the Khachaghbyur River. Surrounded by towering trees, rugged cliffs, and the soothing sound of the river, this place feels like stepping into a fairy tale. In the 1970s, Soviet-Armenian sculptor Benik Petrosyan decorated the cave walls with striking bas-reliefs, enhancing its mysterious aura. Many visitors mistakenly believe these carvings are ancient, which only adds to the sense of wonder. Historically, the caves of Lastiver served as a refuge for locals during the Mongol invasions of the 13th and 14th centuries. To reach the caves, people built wooden staircases resembling rafts — which is how the site got its name, “Lastiver,” derived from Armenian. The hike to Lastiver covers about 3.5 km one way, takes roughly 2 hours, and starts about 145 km from Yerevan. It was a rainy day when we started our hike to Lastiver! For a scenic two-day trek, the Lori region is one of my favorites. The Lori Canyon provides breathtaking views, and along the way, you can visit several UNESCO World Heritage Sites — a perfect mix of nature and culture. A hike along Lori Canyon to Horomayr Monastery or to Kayan Fortress is something you’ll love. Unlike the Gegharkunik or Aragatsotn regions, this area is covered with thick forests—if you appreciate that, this region is perfect for you. The lovely Lori Kanyon Sightseeing tours in Armenia The most popular sightseeing tours in Armenia include Echmiadzin Cathedral , Garni Pagan Temple , Geghard Monastery , and Sevanavank . These sites are not only historically and architecturally significant but also conveniently located near Yerevan, making them must-visit destinations. For travelers with more time, Haghpat and Sanahin , both UNESCO World Heritage sites, are essential stops. Other highly recommended destinations include Khor Virap , Noravank , and Tatev Monastery . Here’s a brief overview of these remarkable locations. Etchmiadzin Cathedral is the mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church, located in the city known both as Etchmiadzin (Ejmiatsin) and Vagharshapat, Armenia. It is widely recognized as the first cathedral built in ancient Armenia and is often regarded as the oldest Christian cathedral in the world. Garni Pagan Temple & Geghard Monastery Tour The Garni-Geghard tour is one of Armenia’s most popular sightseeing experiences, offering a journey from ancient pagan traditions to the dawn of Christianity. Located just a short drive from Yerevan, these landmarks offer an excellent opportunity to explore Armenia’s rich cultural and historical heritage within a few hours. Moreover, thanks to their close proximity, even private tours here are quite budget-friendly. Garni Pagan Temple , built in the 1st century AD during the reign of King Tiridates I , is the only surviving Greco-Roman colonnaded temple in the post-Soviet region. Dedicated to Mihr , the Armenian sun god, it endured centuries of history, including Armenia’s conversion to Christianity in 301 AD. Destroyed by an earthquake in 1679, it was meticulously restored in the 1970s. Today, Garni stands as a rare testament to Armenia’s pre-Christian heritage. On the territory of Garni Fortress, a free toilet is available. Geghard Monastery , a UNESCO World Heritage site in Kotayk Province, dates back to the 4th century and was founded by St. Gregory the Illuminator . Its name, meaning “Monastery of the Spear,” comes from the Holy Lance —the relic believed to have pierced Jesus Christ’s side during the crucifixion, brought to Armenia by the Apostle Thaddeus. While the relic is now kept in the Treasury of Etchmiadzin, Geghard remains a stunning example of rock-hewn Armenian architecture and spiritual significance. Near Geghard Monastery, a paid toilet is available for just 100 AMD. Khor Virap Monastery , set against the majestic backdrop of Mount Ararat, is one of Armenia’s most sacred pilgrimage sites. It marks the 13-year imprisonment of Gregory the Illuminator by King Tiridates III, after which Gregory became the king’s religious mentor, leading Armenia to become the world’s first Christian nation in 301 AD. The first chapel at Khor Virap was built in 642 by Nerses III the Builder to honor Saint Gregory. Over the centuries, it underwent several reconstructions, and in 1662 the larger St. Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God) chapel was built around the original structure, incorporating the monastery, refectory, and monks’ cells. Noravank, a 13th-century Armenian monastic complex, is famed for its Surb Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God) and Surb Karapet (St. John the Baptist) churches. Nestled in a gorge of striking red cliffs, it is one of Armenia’s most photogenic and popular tourist destinations. Sevanavank is a 9th-century monastic complex located on a peninsula of Lake Sevan in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. The complex consists of two churches: Surb Arakelots (“Holy Apostles”) and Surb Astvatsatsin (“Holy Mother of God”), both built with cruciform plans and octagonal tambours. Sanahin and Haghpat Monasteries, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites, are not only remarkable examples of medieval Armenian architecture but also cinematic landmarks. Scenes from Sergei Parajanov’s iconic film The Color of Pomegranates (1969) were filmed here, adding artistic and cultural depth to these already majestic monastic complexes. Urbex tours in Armenia After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many industrial plants, hotels, pioneer camps, culture houses, cable car stations, and other facilities were abandoned, looted, or fell into decay. Over time, these sites have gained a mysterious and captivating atmosphere, attracting travelers fascinated by urbex and abandoned places. Today, they are highly sought-after by urban explorers, and the private guided tours I offer attract hundreds of tourists each year. Here are a few of the remarkable urbex destinations where I personally guide my clients. Hidden in the serene hills of Orgov lies ROT54, a massive, now-abandoned scientific telescope. Built between 1975 and 1985, it features a 54-meter (177 ft) dish and was once among the world’s most advanced radio-optical telescopes. The project was conceived by Paris Herouni, an Armenian radio astronomer, physicist, and engineer, who spent years persuading Soviet authorities to approve its construction in Armenia. The control room of ROT54 The telescope operated from 1986 until 1990. In the mid-1990s, restoration efforts began: between 1995 and 2010, it was partially modernized with new control systems and equipment, allowing observations to resume with support from the Astronomical Society of Russia and the National Technical University of Athens. However, in 2012, a control arm failed, disabling the secondary mirror and halting operations once again. With no funds available for repairs, the facility was ultimately mothballed. Carlus from Spain is happy to finally visit this place From my personal experience, I can tell you that this is one of the most popular destinations for urban explorers, and I often receive requests to take tourists here. A typical tour to ROT54, if we start early at around 7:50 AM from Yerevan, takes about four hours in total — we’re back in the city by midday. So even if you’re using Armenia as a transit stop or are short on time, this is a destination you shouldn’t miss before leaving. The Trophy 1-Meter Schmidt Telescope — Hitler’s Gift to Mussolini On the way to ROT54, we pass through the village of Byurakan, where in 1946 Viktor Hambardzumyan founded one of Armenia’s most renowned scientific centers — the Byurakan Observatory. Several telescopes here are open for visitors, but the one that draws the most attention is the legendary 1-meter Schmidt telescope. This telescope carries significant historical value — it was originally a gift from Hitler to Mussolini, and its inauguration was attended by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. Beyond its political past, it played a key role in major astronomical discoveries. The building that houses the ZTA-2.6 telescope... In 1965, Benjamin Markarian used the Schmidt telescope to conduct the First Byurakan Survey (FBS). Through these observations, he discovered numerous faint galaxies, from the 13th to 17th magnitude, notable for their excess ultraviolet radiation. These celestial bodies became known as Markarian galaxies in his honor. Armenia’s Particle Accelerator Just a short drive from central Yerevan, in what were once the city’s outskirts during the 1960s, stands something few would expect from a small mountainous country better known for its ancient monasteries and volcanic peaks — a particle accelerator. Founded in 1943 as a branch of Yerevan State University by renowned physicists Abraham Alikhanov and Artem Alikhanyan, the Yerevan Physics Institute (YerPhI) soon became a cornerstone of Armenia’s scientific ambitions. In 1965, the LU-75 linear accelerator was completed, and two years later it was joined by a 6 GeV synchrotron. Though its raw power could not match modern giants like CERN, this facility was once among the most advanced in the Soviet Union, operating for over 5,000 hours annually at its peak. The “Arus” synchrotron — about 70 meters in diameter and 220 meters in circumference — was designed to accelerate electrons to 6 GeV. It also generated a beam of linearly polarized photons in the 0.9–1.8 GeV range, enabling high-precision experiments in particle physics and interactions. Tours to an Abandoned Refractory Brick Factory During my urbex tours, we also explore a massive Soviet-era refractory brick factory — a haunting reminder of Armenia’s industrial past. Built in 1951, the factory was strategically positioned near a rich clay deposit, crucial for producing high-quality fire-resistant bricks. At its peak, it employed over 600 workers, forming the backbone of the local economy and sustaining nearby villages and towns. Every day, seven to eight railway wagons carried bricks to Russia, fueling the Soviet Union’s vast industrial demand. Stepping inside today feels like entering a time capsule. Rusting machinery, heavy-duty tools, and even Soviet trucks remain scattered across the vast production halls. Strange metal devices — their purpose now forgotten — lie untouched, frozen in time as industrial relics of a vanished era. The Iron Fountain in Gyumri Despite being abandoned and surrounded by scattered debris, this rusty iron fountain in Gyumri continues to draw curious visitors from around the world — and it’s always on my must-see list when touring the city. This post-apocalyptic masterpiece, officially named the “Friendship” Fountain but better known as “The Iron Fountain,” was designed by renowned Armenian architect Arthur Tarkhanyan. Inaugurated in 1982, it quickly became a favorite gathering place for locals, especially during evening walks. Although the fountain itself survived the devastating 1988 earthquake, the surrounding area fell into neglect. The difficult post-earthquake years left little room for restoration, and the site has since remained a striking symbol of Gyumri’s resilience and faded Soviet grandeur. Tour to an Abandoned Carpet Factory Among my urban exploration tours, one of the most striking stops is this abandoned carpet factory — a vast, silent monument to Armenia’s industrial heritage. Once buzzing with thousands of workers, this colossal plant could produce up to one million square meters of carpet annually. Founded in 1964, it specialized in crafting various types of carpets — including double-walled, jacquard, and five-color designs — using materials such as New Zealand wool, domestic capron, and copper-ammonia fiber. At its peak in 1975, the factory reached record production levels, earning international recognition for the beauty and craftsmanship of its carpets, which combined traditional Armenian patterns with modern aesthetics. These works were exhibited across the globe — from Montreal and São Paulo to Beirut, Baghdad, Prague, Plovdiv, Leipzig, and even at the Exhibition of Achievements of the People’s Economy of the USSR (VDNKh). Tours to Soviet-era sanatoriums During my urbex tours, we also explore Soviet-era sanatoriums — both still operating and long abandoned. Many of these places hold fascinating stories, as some were built by German war captives after World War II. Their architecture alone is worth the visit: grand, atmospheric, and often surprisingly elegant, these buildings never fail to captivate those who step inside. Although this one is abandoned, it remains well-preserved and features wide corridors, elegant balconies, and a mysterious atmosphere that continues to attract visitors from around the world. Urban Explorer tours to Soviet-Era Pioneer Camps This abandoned pioneer camp in Armenia is one of the best-preserved I’ve ever seen. As you explore its overgrown grounds, you’ll encounter striking relics of the past — from grand mosaics adorning the swimming pool walls to statues of iconic figures like Buratino and Medz Mher. During the Soviet era, Armenia had around 200 pioneer camps, but only about ten survived after the collapse of the USSR. These camps were typically located outside cities, nestled in the woods, offering children a retreat into nature. The “Fairy-Tale” camp was among the finest in Armenia. It officially opened in 1985 and operated until roughly 1993. Its story was dramatically affected by the 1988 earthquake, which partially destroyed buildings and delayed renovations. By the time the camp reopened, the Soviet Union had dissolved, marking the end of its era. Hidden in Yerevan’s Hrazdan Gorge lies the abandoned Children’s Railway, a nostalgic remnant of Soviet-era Armenia. Built in 1937, it once delighted generations with its charming trains and stations named Motherland, Pioneer, and Happiness. The railway’s elegant station, designed by prominent Armenian architects, still stands surrounded by nature, its stained-glass windows perfect for photography. Though now privatized and silent, traces of its past glory remain everywhere. If you enjoy forgotten places with history and atmosphere, this spot is well worth a visit. Ready to explore Armenia with Suren? If this sparks your interest, let’s chat! Send me a message on WhatsApp or Telegram to plan your perfect adventure in Armenia. Safe travels! 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Discover the Armenian Dram (AMD), the official currency of the Republic of Armenia, with a history dating back to 1993. Subdivided into 100 luma, it holds cultural significance and showcases rich designs on banknotes and coins. The Central Bank of Armenia oversees its issuance, circulation, and monetary policy. Explore the dram's journey, from commemorative notes to the third series issued in 2018. Immerse yourself in Armenia's monetary heritage, symbolized by the dram sign "֏." < Back Armenian Currency Discover the Armenian Dram (AMD), the official currency of the Republic of Armenia, with a history dating back to 1993. Subdivided into 100 luma, it holds cultural significance and showcases rich designs on banknotes and coins. The Central Bank of Armenia oversees its issuance, circulation, and monetary policy. Explore the dram's journey, from commemorative notes to the third series issued in 2018. Immerse yourself in Armenia's monetary heritage, symbolized by the dram sign "֏." The Armenian dram (AMD) became the official currency of the Republic of Armenia on November 22, 1993, succeeding the Soviet ruble. Subdivided into 100 luma, the dram's name, meaning "money," links to the Greek drachma, Arabic dirham, and English dram. The Central Bank of Armenia manages dram issuance, circulation, and monetary policy. As of January 13, 2024, 1 US dollar equals 404.42 Armenian dram. Banknotes are available in denominations of 1,000 to 100,000 AMD, and coins come in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 AMD . 1000 AMD (obverse and reverse sides) A national referendum on September 21, 1991, declared Armenia's independence from the Soviet Union, granting the Central Bank of Armenia the exclusive right to issue the national currency, established on March 27, 1993. 100,000 AMD (obverse and reverse sides) The Armenian dram sign, symbolized by ֏, divides into 100 luma. The word dram means “money” and is cognate with the Greek drachma and the Arabic dirham, as well as the English weight unit dram. Armenian banknotes have been issued in three series. The first series was introduced in November 1993 and was withdrawn from circulation during 2004–2005. The second series was introduced in 1998 and expanded over the following years. Most second-series banknotes were withdrawn from circulation on April 15, 2026, although the 50,000 and 100,000 dram notes remain legal tender as of 2026. The third series was introduced in 2018, introducing a new 2,000 dram denomination and comprising 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000 and 50,000 dram banknotes. The third series does not include 50, 100, 500 or 100,000 dram banknotes. Central Bank periodically issues commemorative banknotes to mark particular events. A commemorative ֏50,000 note was issued on 4 June 2001 in commemoration of the 1,700th anniversary of the adoption of Christianity in Armenia. A 500 dram commemorative note was issued on 22 November 2017 to commemorate the story of Noah's Ark. And to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Armenia's national currency. 500 dram commemorative note (obverse and reverse sides) 10000 AMD (obverse and reverse sides) Important note , especially for foreigners planning to visit Armenia! The 1,000 AMD and 10,000 AMD banknotes have similar colors and a somewhat similar design, making them easy to mix up. It is possible to accidentally hand over a 10,000 AMD note instead of a 1,000 AMD note. Even locals sometimes make this mistake, so be careful when handling these banknotes! Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Armenian culture is rich with history, traditions, and a profound love for language and expression. Armenian proverbs, quotes, and sayings offer deep insights into the values, wisdom, and worldview of the Armenian people. < Back Famous Armenian Quotes and Sayings Armenian culture is rich with history, traditions, and a profound love for language and expression. Armenian proverbs, quotes, and sayings offer deep insights into the values, wisdom, and worldview of the Armenian people. Here, we explore some of the most famous Armenian quotes and sayings that have stood the test of time and continue to resonate with people around the world. 1. Ամեն մարդ իր սարը թող մագլցի Translation: "Every man must climb his own mountain." Meaning: This saying emphasizes personal responsibility and the journey of overcoming one’s own challenges. It suggests that each person has their own path to navigate and obstacles to overcome. 2. Ձեռքը ձեռք է լվանում, երկու ձեռքը՝ երես Translation: " A hand washes a hand, both hands wash a face." Meaning: This proverb highlights the importance and benefits of mutual cooperation and assistance. It suggests that when individuals help each other, they can achieve greater outcomes together than they could alone. 3. Երկաթը կպաղի, մարդը՝ չի մոռանա Translation: "Iron cools down, but man does not forget." Meaning: This proverb illustrates the enduring nature of human memory and emotions. Unlike objects that can change state or cool down, human experiences, especially painful ones, are not easily forgotten. 4. Խոսքը արծաթ է, լռելը՝ ոսկի Translation: "Speech is silver, silence is gold." Meaning: While speaking and communication are highly valued, knowing when to remain silent is even more crucial. This saying values the wisdom of speech, especially the importance of keeping silent. 5. Ամեն ծառ իր պտուղն է տալիս Translation: "Every tree gives its fruit." Meaning: This proverb suggests that every person or thing has one thing to offer. It is naive to expect more. 6. Մարդն իր ծովը կունենա - Translation: "A man should have his own sea." - Meaning: This saying expresses the idea that everyone will find their place or domain. It implies that everyone should eventually have their own space or environment where they belong. 7. Յոթ անգամ չափիր, մեկ անգամ կտրիր Translation: " Measure seven times, cut once." Meaning: The proverb emphasizes the importance of careful planning and thorough preparation before taking action. It suggests that one should double-check and be absolutely certain of their decisions and measurements before making a final move, such as cutting. In essence, it advocates for patience, precision, and diligence to ensure a successful outcome. 8. Մի ձեռքը ծափ չի տա Translation: "One hand cannot clap." Meaning: This saying emphasizes the importance of cooperation and teamwork, indicating that success often requires the efforts of more than one person. 9. Թխելիս քացախ մի լցրու Translation: "Don't pour vinegar while baking." Meaning: This proverb advises against spoiling something good by introducing negativity or inappropriate actions. 10. Ճանապարհին գտած գդալը կերակուր չի դառնա Translation: "A spoon found on the road won't turn into food." Meaning: This proverb implies that relying solely on luck won't get you anywhere. 11. Մի ծաղկով գարուն չի գա Translation: " Spring will not come with one flower." Meaning: The proverb means that a single positive sign or effort is not enough to bring about a significant change or result. Just as one flower alone cannot signify the arrival of spring, one small action or occurrence cannot bring about a major transformation. This saying underscores the need for collective efforts and contributions to achieve a meaningful or noticeable impact. 12. Գետը լցված է կաթով Translation: "The river is filled with milk." Meaning: This saying conveys a sense of abundance and prosperity, implying that there are plenty of good things available. 13. Ավելի լավ է մի անգամ տեսնել, քան հարյուր անգամ լսել Translation: "It is better to see once than to hear a hundred times." Meaning: This proverb values firsthand experience over hearsay, emphasizing the importance of direct observation. 14. Արագ ձիու ոտքը քարի է կպչում Translation: "The fast horse’s foot hits the stone." Meaning: This proverb implies that haste often leads to mistakes or accidents, advocating for a more cautious approach. 15. Մի գլուխը լավ է, երկուսն ավելի լավ Translation: "One head is good, two is better Meaning: This proverb emphasizes the value of collaboration and collective thinking. It suggests that while one person's ideas and decisions can be effective, involving another person can lead to even better outcomes. 16. Պտուղը ծառից հեռու չի ընկնում Translation: "The fruit doesn't fall far from the tree” Meaning: This means that children often resemble their parents in behavior, characteristics, or abilities. Just as fruit from a tree typically lands nearby, children tend to inherit and exhibit traits and habits similar to those of their parents. This saying is often used to highlight familial similarities and the influence of upbringing and genetics. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

This section of my website serves as a useful travel guide for tourists who are planning to visit Armenia! Discover popular hiking, trekking trails and best urbex locations by joining my guided tours Popular Tours in Armenia In this section of my website, I have curated the most popular tours in Armenia, ranging from cultural experiences to urban exploration, and from hiking to trekking adventures. If you’re seeking the best places to hike in Armenia, the top hiking trails and routes, or must-visit destinations, you’re in the right place. With a diverse array of options, you’ll easily find the perfect journey tailored to your interests. Join my guided tours in Armenia to ensure your visit is not only memorable but also truly exceptional. A Unique Tour to Armenia’s Hidden Cold War Radio Center This tour offers rare access to a working radio center, including control rooms, transmission halls, and original control panels with a striking futuristic design that still feels ahead of its time. For enthusiasts of Soviet history and industrial tech, it is a living Cold War relic. Towering shortwave masts and mediumwave antennas create a vast, almost apocalyptic landscape—resembling a scene from science fiction. During the Soviet era, the station both jammed Western broadcasts such as Voice of America and transmitted Soviet programming and ideology across the Middle East and Afghanistan. Read More Tour to Armenia’s Particle Accelerator This tour takes you inside one of the most remarkable scientific sites of Soviet Armenia — the Yerevan Physics Institute Synchrotron. In a country best known for ancient monasteries and volcanic landscapes, few expect to find a particle accelerator. Yet Armenia holds its own place in the history of high-energy physics. Better known as YerPhI, this Soviet-era research complex hides a massive underground accelerator once used for advanced experiments in nuclear and particle physics. Today, it offers a rare opportunity to explore a place where science, history, and mystery come together. Read More Urbex Tour to the Trophy 1m Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Observatory This tour takes you to one of the most important scientific centers in Armenia—the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, located in Byurakan village. After a short 40-minute drive from Yerevan, our first stop is the iconic Schmidt telescope, originally commissioned by Adolf Hitler as a gift to Benito Mussolini. The tour can also be tailored to include a visit to ROT54. Read More Urbex Tour to ROT54 – Explore Armenia’s Most Fascinating Abandoned Place I’m Suren, a professional urbexer who has turned his passion into a career, guiding tourists through abandoned places and supporting a unique lifestyle. I do this full-time and, over the years, have become a specialist in this field. In recent years, urbex (urban exploration) has gained massive popularity, especially on social media. Soviet-era sites across post-Soviet countries have become hotspots for adventurers, photographers, and history enthusiasts. One of the most popular destinations in Armenia is the ROT54 Radio-Optical Telescope, perched at 1,700 meters above sea level on the southern slopes of Mount Aragats — the country’s highest peak. This tour invites you to join me as your private guide to explore this Soviet-era scientific marvel. Read More From Yerevan to Mount Aragats Climb Mount Aragats with a guided hike from Yerevan! This adventure is perfect for beginners and those with average fitness. We drive just 60 km (about 1 hour 10 minutes) to Lake Kari, then hike 5.5 km to the Southern Summit—the easiest of Aragats’ four peaks. You’ll gain 688 meters in elevation while enjoying stunning mountain views. The best time to climb Aragats is from June to November, with mild weather and clear skies. Join this safe, fun, and scenic Aragats day trip from Yerevan for an unforgettable mountain adventure! Read More Climb Mount Artanish & Explore Sevanavank Monastery Almost every traveler to Armenia visits Lake Sevan, and exploring the historic Sevanavank Monastery is a must. For hiking enthusiasts seeking an added challenge, climbing Mount Artanish offers a truly unique reward—it’s the only summit from which the entire expanse of Lake Sevan is visible, providing breathtaking panoramic views you won’t find anywhere else. Read More Hiking from Lake Parz to Gosh Village The Parz Lake – Goshavank trail is one of the most accessible and rewarding hikes in Armenia. Located in Dilijan National Park, this 6.5 km route connects the scenic Parz Lake (1334 m) with the 12th-century Goshavank Monastery, passing through lush forests, wildflowers, and diverse bird habitats. With an elevation gain of 230 m, the trail is rated easy, making it ideal for both beginners and experienced hikers. Read More Hike Armenia by choosing the popular Smbataberd trail Join my guided tour to explore the natural and historical beauty of Armenia along the Smbataberd – Tsaghats Kar – Zorats Church hiking trail. This 10 km route combines scenic mountain landscapes with rich cultural landmarks, including the medieval Smbataberd Fortress and the Tsaghats Kar Monastic Complex. The trail is a favorite not only for hiking enthusiasts from around the world but also for off-road adventurers, offering rugged terrain, panoramic views, and a glimpse into Armenia’s medieval heritage. Read More Hiking Tour to Mount Azhdahak — The Best Trail in Armenia As a professional hiking guide who leads dozens of trips to Mount Azhdahak every year, I can confidently recommend this hike. If I had to suggest just one hike in Armenia, it would be either the Northern Summit of Mount Aragats or Mount Azhdahak—depending on your physical condition and priorities, since both are priced the same. Mount Azhdahak offers wide panoramic views and a unique crater lake at an elevation of 3,500 meters. On warm days, adventurous hikers can even swim in the cold, refreshing water, making the experience truly unforgettable. Ideal for hikers and nature lovers, the Mount Azhdahak trek is a must-do in Armenia. Book a guided tour and take on one of the country’s top hiking adventures. Read More Climbing mount Aragats (all 4 summits) Join my guided Mount Aragats hike and conquer one of its four summits by choosing the route that best matches your fitness level and goals. Just so you know, Mount Aragats has four summits, each named according to its geographical location: North, South, East, and West. All four are accessible and do not require technical climbing skills. Each route has its own challenge—ranging from moderate trails like the Southern Summit to steeper climbs like the North Peak. In this tour itinerary, you'll learn everything you need to know to choose which summit to climb. Read More Hiking tour to mount Dimats Dimats mountain has surely become one of the most popular hiking and off-roading destinations in Armenia in recent years! Take this guided hiking tour and make your trip to Armenia a memorable one! This article can be a good tourist guide for those who want to hike and explore Dimats trail. Read More

In 1982, a group of climbers from Soviet Union embarked on a daring expedition to conquer Mount Everest, the world’s highest mountain. This was the first acknowledged Soviet expedition to the Himalayas! < Back 1982 Soviet Everest Expedition In 1982, a group of climbers from Soviet Union embarked on a daring expedition to conquer Mount Everest, the world’s highest mountain. This was the first acknowledged Soviet expedition to the Himalayas! The 1982 Soviet Himalayan Expedition was a significant event in the history of mountaineering. It marked the first time that Soviet climbers embarked on an expedition to the Himalayas. The expedition took place in the spring of 1982, following a lengthy period of preparation. The expedition was dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the formation of the USSR. The members of the 1982 Soviet Himalayan Expedition were selected from one and a half hundred candidates, and the final team consisted of 25 people. The selection process involved a series of training camps during which the organizing committee and the Federation of Mountaineering paid attention to the preparation of athletes, their health, and psychological compatibility. The candidates participated in both sports (who will climb faster to the peak of Communism) and medical tests (testing in a baro-chamber at altitudes up to 10,000 m). The expedition leader was Evgeny Tamm, the senior coach was Anatoly Ovchinnikov, the coach was Boris Romanov, and the team captain was Valentin Ivanov. For the assault on the mountain, the climbers were divided into four sports teams: Eduard Myslovsky, Nikolay Cherny, Vladimir Balyberdin, Vladimir Shoppin Valentin Ivanov, Sergey Efimov, Mikhail Turkevich, Sergey Bershov Yervand Ilyinsky, Sergey Chepchev, Kazbek Valiev, Valery Khristchaty Vyacheslav Onishchenko, Valery Khomutov, Vladimir Puchkov, Alexey Moskaltsov, Yuri Golodov The fourth team was initially intended to be a support team, assisting with the organization of high-altitude camps and the delivery of supplies, as there was uncertainty about the assistance of Sherpa porters on the chosen route. However, once in the Himalayas, the coaching council decided that the team would participate in the ascent on equal terms. Despite the fact that prior to the expedition, Soviet climbers had not ascended peaks higher than 7600 meters (the height of the highest peak in the USSR, Peak Communism, is 7495 meters), the ascent was made via a route on the southwest wall that had not been used by anyone before. This route was more complex than all the routes on Everest that had been passed before. The expedition team established seven camps at various altitudes on Everest for the direct preparation of the ascent: Base camp (21.03., 5340m) — slightly below the Khumbu Icefall Intermediate camp (21.03, 6100m) Camp 1 (22.03., 6500m) Camp 2 (31.03., 7350m) Camp 3 (12.04., 7850m) Camp 4 (18.04., 8250m) Assault camp (03.05., 8500m) Eleven Soviet climbers managed to reach the summit of Everest, mostly in pairs. Some climbers reached the summit at night. Several athletes received injuries; later, one of them had four frostbitten phalanges on both hands amputated. The ascents were stopped due to severely deteriorating weather. The ascent of eleven climbers to the summit of Everest without fatal cases was considered a success. The climbers who reached the summit of Everest were: Vladimir Balyberdin and Eduard Myslovsky on May 4, 1982 Sergey Bershov and Mikhail Turkevich on the night of May 4-5, 1982 Valentin Ivanov and Sergey Efimov on May 5, 1982 Kazbek Valiev and Valery Khristchaty on the night of May 7-8, 1982 Valery Khomutov, Vladimir Puchkov, and Yuri Golodov on May 9, 1982 After the ascent: After the ascentall participants of the expedition were awarded the title of Honored Masters of Sports. At the time of the ascent, seven out of eleven members of the expedition were already champions of the USSR in mountaineering, including all three Almaty residents who were two-time champions, and Ural resident Sergey Efimov, who was a three-time champion. On December 20, 1982, a special postal block (CFA [AO “Marka”] No. 5356) was issued in the USSR with a circulation of 800,000 copies. The work of Yu. Levinovsky, it featured the State Flag of the USSR, a scheme of the route of the First Soviet Himalayan Expedition, Soviet climbers making the ascent, and a commemorative text. As of the early 2010s, the route of the expedition had not been passed by any other climber. In the future, some of those who failed to conquer Everest during this expedition were able to reach the summit. However, it remained unconquered for Vyacheslav Onishchenko, Vladimir Shoppin, Sergey Chepchev, and Alexey Moskaltsov. 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