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Climb Mount Aragats with a guided hike from Yerevan! This adventure is perfect for beginners and those with average fitness. We drive just 60 km (about 1 hour 10 minutes) to Lake Kari, then hike 5.5 km to the Southern Summit—the easiest of Aragats’ four peaks. You’ll gain 688 meters in elevation while enjoying stunning mountain views. The best time to climb Aragats is from June to November, with mild weather and clear skies. Join this safe, fun, and scenic Aragats day trip from Yerevan for an unforgettable mountain adventure! < Back From Yerevan to Mount Aragats Climb Mount Aragats with a guided hike from Yerevan! This adventure is perfect for beginners and those with average fitness. We drive just 60 km (about 1 hour 10 minutes) to Lake Kari, then hike 5.5 km to the Southern Summit—the easiest of Aragats’ four peaks. You’ll gain 688 meters in elevation while enjoying stunning mountain views. The best time to climb Aragats is from June to November, with mild weather and clear skies. Join this safe, fun, and scenic Aragats day trip from Yerevan for an unforgettable mountain adventure! A hiking trip to Aragats is a must for every adventure traveler visiting Armenia! Mount Aragats is located in the central part of Armenia, northwest of Yerevan and north of the Ararat Plain at the border of Aragatsotn and Shirak regions! Rising proudly amidst the rugged landscapes of Armenia's natural beauty, Mount Aragats with its 4 summits stands as a majestic symbol of natural grandeur and cultural significance. With its snow-capped peaks, lush meadows, and ancient volcanic formations, this mighty Armenian mountain offers a captivating experience for adventurers and nature enthusiasts looking for trekking in Armenia. Aragats has four summits, which are named according to their relative geographic position: Northern—4,090 m (13,420 ft) Highest in Armenia Western—3,995 m (13,107 ft) Eastern—3,908 m (12,822 ft) Southern—3,888 m (12,756 ft) All four summits are accessible for hikers and do not require technical skills. Among them, the Southern Summit is particularly popular due to its easy accessibility. An old but reasonably well-preserved asphalt road leads to an altitude of 3,200 meters, where the Stone Lake, Meteorological Station, and Cosmic Ray Research Station are situated. That's the starting point of our hike! Lake Kari and Southern Aragats! From the shore of lake Kari the hike begins... The distance from Yerevan (Republic Square) to Stone Lake is 60km. Early in the morning (before the rush hour) it takes around 1 hour 10 minutes to reach there! On our way we will stop to have some fun making experiments on "Aragats Gravity Hill". Here we go... Despite the cold and deep snow, we’ve left Lake Kari behind and are moving onward to conquer the summit. ----------------------- Tour Details: Start: 7:30-8.00 AM from Yerevan Finish: Around 5 PM in Yerevan Hiking Distance: 5.5km (One way) Duration: 2.5-3 hours (Ascent)! Descent takes around 2 hours Altitude Gain: 688 meters Start point: Stone Lake End point: Stone Lake Difficulty: Moderate Trail Type : Out-and-Back Transportation: Sedan --------------- Tour Price to the Summit of Mount Aragats (Southern)! Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group): 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! ----------------- The Price Includes: Transportation (Pick Up & Drop-off) Service of a guide. -------------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) ---------- Gear for Mount Aragats 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: Sufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots: Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! For more details or to book a tour, feel free to contact me directly via WhatsApp or Telegram for a quick response! Project Gallery You May Also Like A Unique Tour to Armenia’s Hidden Cold War Radio Center From Yerevan to Mount Aragats Tour to Armenia’s Particle Accelerator Climb Mount Artanish & Explore Sevanavank Monastery Urbex Tour to the Trophy 1m Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Hiking from Lake Parz to Gosh Village Urbex Tour to ROT54 – Explore Armenia’s Most Fascinating Abandoned Place Hike Armenia by choosing the popular Smbataberd trail Previous Next

This abandoned Soviet Culture House in Armenia, with its crumbling facade, ghostly interiors and magnificent frescoes serves as a poignant reminder of a chapter in history that has shaped the collective memory of our nation. Today, this site is featured as a key destination in my urban explorer tours in Armenia. < Back Exploring an abandoned Soviet culture house This abandoned Soviet Culture House in Armenia, with its crumbling facade, ghostly interiors and magnificent frescoes serves as a poignant reminder of a chapter in history that has shaped the collective memory of our nation. Today, this site is featured as a key destination in my urban explorer tours in Armenia. Finally, we are on the way! Despite the rainy day, we proceeded to explore this culture house from Soviet times. It has some of the best frescoes one can see in Armenia. Inside, you can find amazing frescoes by the renowned Armenian artist Tigran Tokmajyan! I am lighting the fresco of Tigran Tokmajyan to capture a higher quality photo It depicts various historical periods of the Armenian nation — from Hayk Nahapet's liberating war against Bel's army to the invention of the Armenian alphabet and the heroic battles of Armenian fedayis in the beginning of the 20th century! https://video.wixstatic.com/video/103e0a_c67be7b06cd9441492f4b50843eee677/1080p/mp4/file.mp4 To the culture house Photographers, urban explorers, and history enthusiasts can definitely appreciate this place! Join my guided tours to explore the "abandoned side" of Armenia! Hope that efforts to preserve the legacy of this culture house will gain momentum some day! I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Step off the map and explore a cyclopean fortress that few people have visited. Though still a non popular destination I personally see a huge potential in this trail and consider it to be one of the best hikes an outdoor adventurer can take! Join my guided tour, discover and experience Armenia. < Back Hiking tour to Tghit cyclopean fortress Step off the map and explore a cyclopean fortress that few people have visited. Though still a non popular destination I personally see a huge potential in this trail and consider it to be one of the best hikes an outdoor adventurer can take! Join my guided tour, discover and experience Armenia. If you are the one who wants to step off the map and explore non-popular hiking destinations then this trail is for you. Tghit Cyclopic Fortress is a Late Bronze and Early Iron Age fortress located 2.5 km west of Tegehnik village in the Kotayk region, on one of the wooded peaks of the Tsaghkunyats mountain range. The thick bushes were hindering my advance but already I am a few meters away from conquering the cyclopean fortress! It was discovered in 1975 by the joint archaeological expedition of the Institutes of Art, Archaeology, and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR and the Armenian Studies Center of Yerevan University. The fortress comprises a walled settlement, a reservoir, and tombs, covering an area of approximately 1 hectare. I stood there, gazing in wonder, contemplating how our ancestors managed to build walls that have stood for thousands of years. In some places, the preserved parts of the walls and towers exceed 6 meters in height. The main gate is approximately 5 meters wide and two existing entrances are still intact. Coffee break inside Tghit cyclopean fortress Although extensive excavations have not been conducted on the site thus far, it beckons further exploration and study to unravel its secrets and shed light on this ancient civilization's remarkable accomplishments. Tour Details: Start: 7:30-8.00 AM from Yerevan Finish: Around 4-5 PM in Yerevan Hiking Distance: 5 km (One way) Duration: 2.5-3 hours (Ascent)! Altitude Gain: 640 meters Start point: Tegheniq village End point: Tegheniq village Difficulty: Moderate Trail Type: Out-and-Back Transportation: Sedan --------------- Tour Price to the Cyclopic Fortress Tghit Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group): 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! --------------- The price includes: Pick up & drop off (In Yerevan) Transportation in air conditioned vehicle Service of a guide -------------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) ----------- List of things you should consider taking: 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: Sufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots: Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! Project Gallery You May Also Like Suren, the hiking guide in Armenia 1-Day Hiking Tour to Lastiver from Yerevan Best One-Day Hiking Tours from Yerevan A Hiking Adventure to Mount Tesilk and its Mysterious Cave 2-Day Hiking and Sightseeing Tour in Armenia's Lori Region Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail 1-Day Hike to Mount Ara Hiking tour to mount Yeranos

When I visited the institute, I saw a room filled with crystal growth furnaces. To me, they looked more like forgotten artworks than old scientific machines. Rows of cylindrical chambers with heavy bolts and pipes stood in place, humming softly as water trickled through their cooling systems. This article aims to shed light on these marvelous machines which, thanks to their high quality, are still operating and producing crystals < Back Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab When I visited the institute, I saw a room filled with crystal growth furnaces. To me, they looked more like forgotten artworks than old scientific machines. Rows of cylindrical chambers with heavy bolts and pipes stood in place, humming softly as water trickled through their cooling systems. This article aims to shed light on these marvelous machines which, thanks to their high quality, are still operating and producing crystals An elderly scientist welcomed us and began to explain how the machines work. The terminology was too dense for me to follow in real time, but thankfully my friend recorded the lecture. Later, with some research, I managed to reconstruct what was happening here. These were Czochralski crystal growth machines, also called crystal pullers. Seeing them for the first time was something new for me. I am usually drawn to Soviet monumental art, but in that moment, these machines impressed me just as much. They looked like sculptures from an industrial age when science and technology had their own aesthetic power. The Czochralski Method The Czochralski method is the most widely used process for growing large single crystals. It was first developed in 1916 by Polish scientist Jan Czochralski, but it reached its peak during the Cold War, when both the Soviet Union and the West needed perfect crystals for semiconductors and lasers. Here’s how it works: Melting the material – A crucible, usually made of quartz, is filled with extremely pure raw material, like silicon or aluminum oxide, and heated until it melts. The heaters are often made of molybdenum or graphite, materials that can withstand enormous temperatures. Creating an inert atmosphere – The chamber is filled with an inert gas, most often argon, so that the molten material does not oxidize or react with air. Pulling the crystal – A small “seed crystal” is dipped into the molten material. The seed is then slowly pulled upward and rotated. As it rises, atoms from the melt attach themselves to the seed’s atomic lattice, gradually building a single crystal, called a boule. Shaping and control – By carefully controlling the pulling speed and rotation, the scientist can determine the crystal’s diameter and quality. The result is a large, perfect crystal that can later be sliced and polished for use in electronics, optics, or lasers. Other Techniques Not every furnace in the room was a vertical puller. Some appeared to be horizontal multi-zone tube furnaces, which are used in the Bridgman–Stockbarger method or in zone refining. In this approach, the material in a crucible is slowly moved through different heating zones inside a horizontal tube. The gradual temperature change allows crystals to form. This technique was widely used in Soviet laboratories during the 1960s–1970s to produce high-purity semiconductors like silicon and germanium. The control panels, with their teal-blue dials, gauges, and switches, gave the room an almost retro-futuristic look. Voltmeters and ammeters measured the power going to the heaters. Timers tracked the process. Rows of round indicator lights showed the status of different heating zones. The whole setup looked both old-fashioned and incredibly advanced for its time. The scientist even showed us pipe-shaped ruby crystals. Holding them felt like touching a piece of history. Ruby crystals were central to the invention of the laser. In 1964, Soviet physicists Aleksandr Prokhorov and Nikolay Basov shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with American Charles Townes for their theoretical work on masers and lasers — the principle of producing coherent light by stimulated emission. While the first working ruby laser was actually built in the United States by Theodore Maiman in 1960, it was Prokhorov and Basov who laid the theoretical foundation and developed many of the techniques that made such breakthroughs possible. The furnaces in this institute are not only for semiconductors like silicon wafers. They also produce a range of crystals used in optics and laser technology: Garnets (YAG, Y₃Al₅O₁₂): Widely used in solid-state lasers. Fluorides (CaF₂, LiF, BaF₂): Essential for UV lenses, infrared windows, and as laser host materials. Ruby (Al₂O₃ doped with chromium): The first solid-state laser crystal, still used for research and education. Sapphire (pure Al₂O₃): Valued for its hardness, optical clarity, and use as a substrate in electronics. Walking out of the lab, I felt as if I had stepped back in time. The machines, the smell of heated metal, the sound of water cooling pipes — everything reminded me of the Soviet tradition of merging science, industry, and vision. For me, someone more used to admiring monumental Soviet mosaics and sculptures, these crystal growth machines carried the same sense of power and beauty. They are not relics. They are still at work, producing crystals for optics and lasers, keeping alive a legacy of scientific craftsmanship that began decades ago and still shines today. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Rossia Cinema commissioned in Yerevan in 1974, is considered one of the most remarkable Soviet-era modernist structures in the city. The architects, Artur Tarkhanyan, Spartak Khachikyan, and Hrachya Poghosyan, were awarded the prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for this project in 1979. The cinema was privatized in 2004, and in 2006, part of the structure was transformed into the trade and cultural center "Rossia," which currently functions primarily as a commercial space. < Back Modernist Architectural Masterpiece - Rossia Cinema in Yerevan Rossia Cinema commissioned in Yerevan in 1974, is considered one of the most remarkable Soviet-era modernist structures in the city. The architects, Artur Tarkhanyan, Spartak Khachikyan, and Hrachya Poghosyan, were awarded the prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for this project in 1979. The cinema was privatized in 2004, and in 2006, part of the structure was transformed into the trade and cultural center "Rossia," which currently functions primarily as a commercial space. The project for the cinema, designed by Arthur Tarkhanyan, Spartak Khachikyan, and Hrachya Poghosyan, was submitted to the Union of Architects in 1970-1971 and subsequently approved by the City Council of Yerevan. The "Haypet Project" Institute was tasked with implementing the project. Construction began in the early 1970s on the site of one of Yerevan's oldest markets, the "Black Market." The project was challenging due to its modernist and unconventional design, prompting the architects to prepare a large model to facilitate the builders' work. A scale model of the Rossia Cinema. Image source: "Arthur Tarkhanyan Center" Facebook page The Rossia Cinema officially opened in December 1974 during a plenary session of the CPC Central Committee, chaired by Karen Demirchyan, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPC. The cinema was a multifunctional complex consisting of three main parts. two halls of different sizes, but with the same shape, with 1,600 and 1,000 seats, an open area under the halls where exhibition halls, a cafe, a bar, and ticket offices are located. You could also pass through this area on the street without entering the cinema. This connection between outside and inside is considered one of the building's ingenious solutions. Sculptures by Hmayak Bdeyan, in the form of masks, adorned the partition wall The lobby and bar were separated by a transparent partition that could be opened and closed, measuring 10 meters wide and 3.5 meters high. Sculptures by Hmayak Bdeyan, in the form of masks, adorned the partition wall, while other halls featured sculptures by Yervand Gojabashyan, Henry Elibekyan, Ohan Petrosyan, and others. The cinema's modern circular bar and the teahouse, furnished in a Russian style with kettles on the tables and freshly made cakes, were noteworthy features. The suspended ceiling of the "Rossia" cinema, called "вантовое перекрытие (cable-stayed ceiling)” was the first of its kind in Armenia. The cinema's roof, facing Tigran Mets Street, spans 40 meters wide and 60 meters long, hanging without any support. Arthur Tarkhanyan and other architects standing near the scale model of the Rossia Cinema. Image source: "Arthur Tarkhanyan Center" Facebook page Initially intended to be named "Ayrarat" or "Noyan Tapan," the cinema was ultimately named "Rossia." After Armenia's independence, it was briefly renamed "Ayrarat." In 2004, the "Rossia" cinema was privatized, and the "Narek" company, part of the "Sil Concern," became the owner. In 2006, the center was once again renamed "Rossia." On November 11, 2006, the first building of the "Rossia" commercial and cultural center was turned into a cafe and shopping halls. Unfortunately, the sculptures and paintings by Yervand Gojabashyan, Henry Elibekyan, Ohan Petrosyan, and Hmayak Bdeyan were later removed and up to this day their fate is unknown. Rossia Cinema today However even today, the Rossia Cinema stands as a testament to the innovative spirit of its architects and the modernist architectural movement in Yerevan. Despite changes and challenges over the years, it remains a significant cultural and architectural landmark in Armenia's capital. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

As a child, I remember gazing at the large bookshelves in our home, filled with books neatly lined up one after another. Among them, one stood out—a book displayed with its cover facing outward. On the cover was an image of a man traversing a snowy, rocky mountain, pulling a loaded yak behind him. The white letters in Russian on the cover were unreadable to me then. But soon, I learned to read and write, and that book turned out to be The Crystal Horizon by Reinhold Messner. Let’s talk about it. < Back On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” As a child, I remember gazing at the large bookshelves in our home, filled with books neatly lined up one after another. Among them, one stood out—a book displayed with its cover facing outward. On the cover was an image of a man traversing a snowy, rocky mountain, pulling a loaded yak behind him. The white letters in Russian on the cover were unreadable to me then. But soon, I learned to read and write, and that book turned out to be The Crystal Horizon by Reinhold Messner. Let’s talk about it. On August 20, 1980, Reinhold Messner made history as the first person to climb Mount Everest solo and without supplemental oxygen, pioneering a new route on the North Col/face. For me, this ascent remains the epitome of heroism in mountaineering. It’s a feat that I would only compare to Hermann Buhl’s legendary first ascent of Nanga Parbat in 1953. However, while Buhl had a large team supporting him, Messner embarked on his Everest climb accompanied only by his girlfriend, with no backup team. The first time I read The Crystal Horizon was in Russian. It was published in Moscow in 1980 with 100,000 copies, a rarity and highly sought-after book at the time. My father, through his connections, managed to get a copy. Years later, I bought the original German version of the book. Though I wasn’t fluent in German, I pushed myself to read it, learning new words and significantly improving my language skills in the process. This book is not just a thrilling account of a mountaineering milestone; it’s also a source of inspiration and personal growth. The Russian and German editions of The Crystal Horizon Later, when I got my hands on both the English and German editions of The Crystal Horizon, I noticed that they included more photos than the Russian one. Despite this, the book was highly valued in Soviet countries, where access to Western literature was limited, and it played a significant role in introducing Messner’s incredible achievements to a wider audience. The Russian edition, though slightly abridged in visuals, still managed to capture the essence of his journey and contributed to making Messner famous among mountaineering enthusiasts in the USSR. The first page instantly captures the reader's attention, beginning with a heartfelt letter from Messner’s mother. However, this letter appears only on the early pages of the Russian version, while in the German edition, it is found on pages 306–307. Personally, I find the Russian version more compelling and greatly value their approach. Having already lost one of her sons, Günther, she found it incredibly difficult to come to terms with Messner’s future ascents. This letter is not only deeply moving but also serves as a poignant reminder of the psychological challenges and emotional weight that accompanied this extraordinary climb. Messner begins by recounting early attempts to conquer Everest, including the fascinating story of Maurice Wilson’s ill-fated expedition. This historical context adds immense value to the ascent, as it helps the reader fully appreciate the near-impossible nature of Messner’s achievement. No surprise that throughout his ascent, he constantly thinks about Wilson and Mallory, asking himself whether they made it. Here's an excerpt: "If Wilson had managed to get up here, I think suddenly, would he have reached the summit? Wilson was tougher than I am, uncompromising, and capable of enduring loneliness. The stretch above me seems really easy, so Wilson would have been able to climb it, at least as far as the North-East Ridge." When I read this book around 2005, during the pre-Internet era in Armenia—when dial-up connections were still a novelty and access to information was limited—I learned a great deal about the pioneering expeditions. It was through this book that I first discovered the stories of Mallory and Irvine, as well as Maurice Wilson. Messner accomplished this incredible feat not only solo but also during the monsoon season—a time when climbing conditions on Everest are notoriously harsh. Initially, his plan was to attempt the ascent in the mid-1980s. However, upon learning that Japanese climber Naomi Uemura had obtained permission to climb Everest in 1980/81, Messner decided to take on the challenge earlier, opting for an even more daring ascent: during the monsoon season and completely alone. Open page of the Russian edition of The Crystal Horizon Uemura was no ordinary competitor—he had reached the North Pole solo on a dog sled, a feat that underscored his determination and skill. However, despite his reputation, Uemura later canceled his plans to climb Everest from the North (Tibetan) side. Messner, on the other hand, pressed forward undeterred. Interestingly, Messner skillfully incorporates excerpts from his girlfriend Nena's diary, offering the reader a unique third-person perspective on the events. I plan to dedicate a separate article to Messner's 1980 solo ascent. For now, I highly recommend The Crystal Horizon to anyone fascinated by mountaineering, adventure, or stories of unparalleled human resilience. This book is much more than an account of a climb—it’s a profound journey into the mind of one of the greatest climbers in history. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

In this article, I’ve selected some of the most memorable photos I took during our urbex tours in Armenia. These images show how our tours really happen, what places we visit, and the atmosphere you can expect on the road. By joining my tours, you become part of a growing community of travelers who explore Armenia’s abandoned places together. < Back Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery In this article, I’ve selected some of the most memorable photos I took during our urbex tours in Armenia. These images show how our tours really happen, what places we visit, and the atmosphere you can expect on the road. By joining my tours, you become part of a growing community of travelers who explore Armenia’s abandoned places together. The photos you see below were taken during the urbex tours I organize across Armenia while exploring Soviet-era heritage. Over the years, I’ve learned one important lesson. I don’t use an expensive or professional camera. What truly improved my photography was returning to the same places and photographing the same subjects again and again over a long period of time. Little by little, my photos became better. Another key moment was learning to shoot through the viewfinder instead of using the screen. I had always relied on the display — until I accidentally broke it. That small accident pushed me to use the viewfinder, and it ended up improving my photography more than any piece of equipment ever did. Inside the projector room of an abandoned culture house Inside an abandoned factory, we saw many buses. This one is an Ikarus bus, manufactured in Budapest Took this photo while exploring the abandoned tunnels of the former copper mine The control panel of the abandoned train station A view from a train station Soviet-era control panels The bas-relief on the wall of the Semiconductor and Electronics Manufacturing Plant Inside an abandoned carpet factory Abandoned Yak-40 plane in Armenia The swimming pool of the abandoned pioneer camp "Fairy-tale" A unique fresco inside an abandnoed factory A vintage educational display board for Lathe Cutting Tools The control room of the ROT54 telescope Inside a Soviet-era culture house MiG-21 Fishbed is on display outside Mikoyan Brothers' Museum Cemetery of firefighting cars An abandoned pioneer camp Inside the Northern Bus Station Old AM-5 computers, likely produced by Gerber Technology in the late 1980s... Inside an abandoned culture palace A Soviet-era antenna in Armenia The frescoes of the abandoned culture house A Soviet-era movie projector Inside an abandoned rest-house The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House In the control room of ROT54 telescope Exploring the adjacent buildings of ROT54 These mirrors were intended to be placed on "Arev" solar power station The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Exploring an abandoned culture house Inside a perfectly preserved knitwear factory An abandoned observatory hidden in the mountain Inside a well preserved Soviet-era culture house Exploring a 14-floor abandoned sanatorium A visit to tool making factory Exploring an abandoned sanatorium A visit to Vanadzor Railway Station Inside a Soviet-Era crystal growth lab The control panel of the ZTA-2.6 telescope Inside a Soviet-era sanatorium that has miraculously survived to the present day and is still operating The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory ROT54 in winter Soviet-era posters Armenia's Particle Accelerator Mother Armenia in Ijevan city Inside a Soviet-era culture house The building that houses the ZTA-2.6 telescope The only survived fresco of Lenin in Armenia The tourists and the Orbita antenna Inside the anti-echo chamber Sevan Writers' Rest House in winter The control panel of Armenia's Particle Accelerator The playing hall of Tigran Petrosyan Chess House The abandoned refractory brick factory A Soviet-era mosaic inside a culture house Inside an abandoned driving school The 1-meter Schmidt telescope Exploring an abandoned train station Exploring an abandoned restaurant The "Orbita" antenna Exploring an abandoned mine Exploring an abandoned laboratory Inside an abandoned school Exploring an abandoned train station in Armenia Exploring a little known pioneer camp in Armenia I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Discover the history of the 1-meter Schmidt telescope, originally commissioned by Adolf Hitler as a gift to Mussolini. After World War II, it was seized by the Soviets and later installed at Armenia's Byurakan Observatory in 1960. This telescope played a key role in the discovery of Markarian galaxies and contributed to significant astrophysical research until its decommissioning in 1991. A modern reconstruction project is now in progress. < Back This Trophy 1m Schmidt Telescope Was Hitler's Gift to Mussolini Discover the history of the 1-meter Schmidt telescope, originally commissioned by Adolf Hitler as a gift to Mussolini. After World War II, it was seized by the Soviets and later installed at Armenia's Byurakan Observatory in 1960. This telescope played a key role in the discovery of Markarian galaxies and contributed to significant astrophysical research until its decommissioning in 1991. A modern reconstruction project is now in progress. In 1938, Adolf Hitler visited Italy to meet Benito Mussolini. During the visit, Mussolini took Hitler to several Italian observatories, proudly highlighting that Italy had numerous observatories and enjoyed more clear days compared to rainy Germany. Surprised and perhaps a bit challenged, Hitler reportedly responded, “I will show you who makes the best telescopes in the world, and I will even gift you one!” Upon his return to Germany, Hitler commissioned the production of a one-meter Schmidt telescope at the Carl Zeiss factory, renowned for its precision optics. This telescope, which up to these days remains one of the largest of its kind, was under construction when World War II broke out, delaying its completion. After the war, Soviet troops seized the telescope as a trophy during the occupation of Germany. Here is a brief historical overview of how the trophy seizures occurred after the Allied forces won the war. After World War II, both the Allied and Soviet forces (The Soviet Union was indeed one of the Allied powers during World War II, aligning with the United States, the United Kingdom, and others to defeat the Axis powers. However, when discussing postwar efforts like the exploitation of German science and technology, it often makes sense to separate the Soviet actions from those of the Western Allies. This is because their methods, objectives, and geopolitical contexts were quite different.) actively sought to extract German scientific knowledge and technology. This effort was one of the largest technological transfers in history, targeting advancements in fields like aerospace, atomic energy, chemical engineering, and more. The 1-meter Schmidt telescope in Byurakan observatory Allied Efforts: The U.S., through initiatives like Operation Paperclip, relocated over 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians to the United States, including Wernher von Braun, who later played a key role in NASA's space program. The British and French also targeted German expertise, often focusing on "in-place" exploitation by incorporating German scientists into their own programs or allowing them to assist with rebuilding academic and industrial sectors in Allied-occupied zones Soviet Strategy: The Soviets used "trophy brigades" to seize machinery, documentation, and entire scientific teams from Germany. For example, they relocated entire factories and laboratories, along with their personnel, to the Soviet Union to bolster their own technological development. Teams under the NKVD were tasked with identifying and transferring scientists and equipment related to nuclear and missile technologies. They required specialists capable of deciphering documents, assessing the significance of complex machinery, and tackling intricate tasks. No surprise, that in 1948, the renowned Armenian astrophysicist Viktor Hambardzumyan also visited Germany, including the Carl Zeiss factory where several unfinished telescopes were stored. These telescopes were later transferred to the LOMO (Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Association) in Leningrad for final adjustments and assembly. Among them was the 1m Schmidt telescope, a gift from Hitler to Mussolini, which, however, had a different fate and was eventually destined to be installed at the Byurakan Observatory in Armenia. By the late 1950s, preparations were underway to transport the telescope to Armenia. Due to its delicate optics, it could not be transported by plane, as even the slightest shock could damage its components. Instead, it was carefully transported by truck at a speed of no more than 15 km/h. The telescope was installed and began operations in 1960, but the official inauguration took place on May 8, 1961. This grand opening was attended by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev during his visit to Armenia—a rare instance of a national leader participating in the unveiling of a scientific instrument. Benjamin Markarian and the iconic 1m Schmidt telescope In 1965, Benjamin Markarian conducted the First Byurakan Survey (FBS) using the 1-meter Schmidt telescope. As a result of these observations, he discovered a large number of faint galaxies (ranging from 13th to 17th magnitude) that belong to a special class with an excess of radiation in the ultraviolet spectrum. These galaxies were subsequently named Markarian galaxies in his honor. The December 2021 issue of the French magazine Le Mouvement tells the story of the glorious past of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, reflecting on Margaryan's galaxies, the history of the 1m Schmidt telescope, as well as talking about the current activities of the facility and young staff. The back cover features the 1m Schmidt telescope with BAO lead engineer Henrik Sargsyan sitting beneath it The continuation of the FBS is the Second Byurakan Survey (SBS), also carried out with the 1-meter Schmidt telescope. A total of approximately 3,000 peculiar objects were discovered, including about 1,600 stellar objects and 1,400 non-stellar objects. The SBS is one of the most effective surveys for discovering bright quasars (QSOs). Since 1969, more than 500 flare stars have been discovered, and detailed colorimetric studies of bright galaxies were also performed. One of the 7,500 photographic plates taken by the Schmidt telescope. The Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) archive holds around 37,500 photographic plates and films from all its telescopes, including the 1 m and 0.5 m Schmidt telescopes and other smaller ones during 1947-1991. The plates from the two Schmidt telescopes break down as follows: 1 m Schmidt telescope: About 7,500 plates. The famous First Byurakan Survey (FBS, or Markarian Survey) accounts for over 2,000 of these, and the Second Byurakan Survey (SBS) also used this telescope. 0.5 m (21-inch) Schmidt telescope: Approximately 12,000 plates. In 2011, the First Byurakan Survey (FBS or Markarian survey, Armenia), containing the records of a unique astronomical survey carried out by the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) from 1965-1980 were added to UNESCO’s “Memory of the World Register”. It represents the largest-ever astronomical exploration of the nearby universe and is considered one of the most important achievements in 20th-century astrophysics. In 1991, the 1m Schmidt telescope was stopped and since then no observations have been carried out. Recently, a project for reconstruction of this telescope was put forward in collaboration with the Russian Special Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), including equipping it with a contemporary detector and advanced controlling system. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . 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This abandoned cable car station is a captivating destination for urban exploration enthusiasts. The stunning views from the station and the intricate machinery inside draw urbexers from around the world. Join my guided tours in Armenia to explore this historic site, now lying in ruins. < Back Exploring an Abandoned Cable Car Station This abandoned cable car station is a captivating destination for urban exploration enthusiasts. The stunning views from the station and the intricate machinery inside draw urbexers from around the world. Join my guided tours in Armenia to explore this historic site, now lying in ruins. This cable car station began operations on June 16, 1977, with its first route. In its prime, it was a vital transportation hub in a city of over 23,000 people, serving up to 900 passengers daily. However, as the population declined, so did the number of cable car users, eventually dropping to just 450. The view from the upper cable car station Operating from 7:30 am until 12:30 am, the cable car was a reliable mode of transport for decades. However, it faced significant challenges over the years. On May 24, 2014, a severe lightning strike damaged the motor and DC generator, halting operations. After 11 months of repairs, it reopened on April 22, 2015, but the travel time doubled from 4 minutes to 8 minutes. The control room of the abandoned cable car station As passenger numbers dwindled, so did the financial resources needed to keep the cable car running. Management cut staff, increased fares, and ultimately, the service was discontinued. On March 1, 2016, the cable car station ceased operations entirely. Inside the abandoned cable car station It should also be noted that this cable car is unique in Armenia as it was the only one that served not as a tourist attraction but as a practical means of transportation. Now, however, the funicular has been suspended indefinitely, leaving behind an eerie reminder of its former glory. For those interested in urbex decay, this site offers a fascinating glimpse into Armenia's industrial past. My urban exploration tours provide a rare opportunity to explore such forgotten places, where history and decay intertwine to create an unforgettable experience. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Join me on a guided hiking tour to the Southern Summit of Mount Aragats. Mount Aragats has four summits, each named according to its geographical location, and the Southern Summit provides the easiest route to the top. Departing from Yerevan, our trip covers 60 km one way, and in just about 1 hour and 10 minutes, we will reach an elevation of 3,200 meters. Here, the hike begins at the scenic Lake Kari (known in Armenian as Քարի լիճ / Stone Lake), one of the main starting points for Aragats trails. On the way to the Southern Summit, we will stop at the intriguing Aragats Gravity Hill, where you can experience an optical illusion that seems to defy the laws of physics. < Back Climbing Aragats: A Hiking Tour to the Southern Summit Join me on a guided hiking tour to the Southern Summit of Mount Aragats. Mount Aragats has four summits, each named according to its geographical location, and the Southern Summit provides the easiest route to the top. Departing from Yerevan, our trip covers 60 km one way, and in just about 1 hour and 10 minutes, we will reach an elevation of 3,200 meters. Here, the hike begins at the scenic Lake Kari (known in Armenian as Քարի լիճ / Stone Lake), one of the main starting points for Aragats trails. On the way to the Southern Summit, we will stop at the intriguing Aragats Gravity Hill, where you can experience an optical illusion that seems to defy the laws of physics. Mount Aragats, Armenia’s highest peak, is a breathtaking four-peaked volcano and one of the top hiking destinations in Armenia. Its snow-capped summits, vast alpine meadows, and striking volcanic landscapes make it an unforgettable trekking experience for outdoor enthusiasts. I captured this stunning shot of Mount Aragats while hiking along the Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail, showcasing a unique and breathtaking perspective of one of Armenia’s most iconic and majestic peaks. Mount Aragats has four summits, which are named according to their relative geographic position: Northern —4,090 m (13,420 ft) Highest summit in Armenia Western —3,995 m (13,107 ft) Eastern —3,908 m (12,822 ft) Southern —3,888 m (12,756 ft) All 4 summits of mount Aragats All four summits of Mount Aragats are accessible and do not require technical skills. However, maintaining good physical condition, carrying enough water and food, and having professional gear is highly recommended. The Southern summit, at 3,888 meters (12,756 feet), is especially popular due to its relatively easy access. An old asphalt road leads up to 3,200 meters, where you'll find Stone Lake, the Meteorological Station, the Cosmic Ray Research Station, and a restaurant serving traditional Armenian dish called khash. This is the highest point in Armenia accessible by sedan, and from here, our hike truly begins! Covering a distance of 5.5 km and an elevation gain of 688 meters, we will reach the summit in approximately 2.5 to 3 hours. We start our hike from the shore of Lake Kari (Stone Lake), situated at an impressive altitude of 3,200 meters. The journey to the trailhead stretches approximately 60 kilometers from Yerevan's Republic Square. By setting off early in the morning, before rush hour, we can bypass traffic congestion and arrive at the starting point in just about an hour and ten minutes. However, the adventure truly begins en route, as we’ll make a captivating stop at the " Aragats Gravity Hill , " a fascinating natural phenomenon where you can experience gravity-defying experiments that will leave you in awe. Through thick snow we are making our way to the summit of Southern Aragats while biblical mount Ararat creates a dramatic backdrop Climbing Aragats is far more than just a hike—it’s an immersive outdoor adventure filled with discovery and wonder. Join me as we explore the breathtaking beauty and intriguing mysteries of Southern Aragats, creating memories that will last a lifetime. ----------------------- Tour Details: Start: 7:30-8.00 AM from Yerevan Finish: Around 5 PM in Yerevan Hiking Distance: 5.5km (One way) Duration: 2.5-3 hours (Ascent)! Descent takes around 2 hours Altitude Gain: 688 meters Start point: Stone Lake Stone Lake (3200m) End point: Stone Lake (3200m) Difficulty: Moderate Trail Type: Out-and-Back Transportation: Sedan --------------- Tour Price to the Summit of Mount Aragats (Southern)! Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group): 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! -------------- The price includes: Pick up & drop off (In Yerevan) Transportation in air conditioned vehicle Service of a guide --------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) -------------- List of things you should consider taking: 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: Sufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots: Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! 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Armenia, a mountainous country blessed with an abundance of pure and fresh drinking water, has a unique and ingenious way of providing free water to its inhabitants - the Pulpulak. Pulpulak is a distinctive feature of Armenia that leaves a lasting impression on everyone who visits the country. < Back Pulpulak - Water fountain in Armenia Armenia, a mountainous country blessed with an abundance of pure and fresh drinking water, has a unique and ingenious way of providing free water to its inhabitants - the Pulpulak. Pulpulak is a distinctive feature of Armenia that leaves a lasting impression on everyone who visits the country. What is a Pulpulak? A Pulpulak, translating to the ‘murmuring of water’, is a public drinking water fountain that is common in Armenia and is an integral part of Armenian culture. These fountains are typically built with stone and stand approximately one meter tall, providing cold mountain spring water. In some cases, they can have a unique design, thus becoming a piece of art. They first appeared in the streets of Yerevan in the 1920s and have since become extremely popular. Not long ago it was very strange for Armenians to understand the idea of “buying water” because water has always been ever-flowing and free in the country. Moreover, tap water is also safe to drink in Armenia, however, for those not accustomed to tap water, it is recommended to drink bottled water instead. Interestingly, when travelers are asked about their experiences in Armenia, they almost always mention the Pulpulaks. A very beautiful Pulpulak in Yerevan's 2800th Anniversary Park. More Than Just Fountains Pulpulaks serve more than just a utilitarian purpose. They are often erected to honor someone who has passed away or achieved something remarkable. When you drink from a memorial Pulpulak, you have to bow down to sip the water, symbolizing a way of paying respects to the deceased person. Yotnaghbyur (Յոթնաղբյուր, meaning "seven springs") is the name of the famous Pulpulak in Yerevan's Republic Square. It was erected by Spartak Knteghtsyan in 1965. The fountain was restored in 2008 by Moscow-based Armenian designer Nur. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Emile Leray is a French engineer and adventurer who has performed some incredible feats of ingenuity and survival. One of his most remarkable stories is how in 1993 he managed to escape from the Sahara desert on a makeshift motorcycle made out of parts of his broken-down car. This is Emile Leray's survival story... < Back Emile Leray’s miraculous escape from the Sahara desert Emile Leray is a French engineer and adventurer who has performed some incredible feats of ingenuity and survival. One of his most remarkable stories is how in 1993 he managed to escape from the Sahara desert on a makeshift motorcycle made out of parts of his broken-down car. This is Emile Leray's survival story... Emile Leray was on a solo trip in Morocco in 1993, driving his Citroën 2CV, when he hit a large rock and damaged his car’s chassis. He was stranded 20 miles from the nearest village, with only enough food and water to last for 10 days. He had no radio, no phone, and no spare tire. He was facing certain death in the vast and harsh desert. Emile Leray and his broken-down Citroën 2CV. Photo credts: Emile Leray But Leray did not give up hope. He decided to use his skills as an electrician and his knowledge of mechanics to create a new vehicle that could carry him out of the desert. He spent 12 days and 11 nights working on his project, using tools such as pliers, hammers, saws, and drills. He removed the body of his car and used it as a shelter. He took three wheels from his car and attached them to a frame that he shortened and fixed with axles. He converted the rear bumper into a seat and put the engine in front of it. He placed the suspension on the rear wheel and rigged the ignition to the handlebar so that he could control it like a motorcycle. Emile Leray and his makeshift motorcycle. Photo credits: Emile Leray Leray’s makeshift motorcycle was not perfect, but it worked well enough for him to ride across the desert. He faced many challenges along the way, such as sandstorms, heat waves, scorpions, snakes, and wild animals. He also had to deal with hunger, thirst, fatigue, and loneliness. But he never lost sight of his goal: reaching civilization. Surprisingly, on his way to Tan-Tan, Leray was stopped by the police and fined 4,550 dirhams (450 euros) because his creation didn’t conform to the specifications of the Citroën 2CV. Emile Leray presents the motorcycle he constructed from his Citroën 2CV car at the Midwest Dream Car Collection in Manhattan, KS, on October 4, 2019. (Dylan Connell | Collegian Media Group On the TV show MythBusters, which airs on the Discovery Channel, the hosts, Adam Savage and Jamie Heineman, tried to make a motorcycle from a 2CV. In episode 227 named “Transformers” (season 5), they got their hands on a 1967 Citroën 2CV and drove it to a landfill in Kirby Canyon, California. There, they took it apart, keeping the engine and gearbox. After learning about Leray’s original design, Heineman and Savage tested if the transformation could really work to see if the story was true. Even though their finding on MythBusters was that it was a myth, meaning they thought it couldn't happen, other people have tried it and had more success. Leray’s miraculous escape from the Sahara desert made headlines around the world. It also inspired many people who faced similar situations or who admired Leray’s creativity and courage. Leray still owns his motorcycle today, along with some other inventions that he has made over the years. He says that he is always looking for new challenges and adventures. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk