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Acclimatization is the physiological process by which your body adjusts to lower oxygen levels (hypoxia) at high altitudes. As you ascend, the atmospheric pressure decreases, meaning there are fewer oxygen molecules in each breath you take. This reduced oxygen availability can lead to altitude sickness, a range of potentially serious conditions. Proper acclimatization is crucial for safe and enjoyable mountaineering, especially when tackling peaks above 3,000 meters (10,000 feet). Let’s talk about the process. < Back Acclimatization: The Key to Safe and Successful High-Altitude Climbing Acclimatization is the physiological process by which your body adjusts to lower oxygen levels (hypoxia) at high altitudes. As you ascend, the atmospheric pressure decreases, meaning there are fewer oxygen molecules in each breath you take. This reduced oxygen availability can lead to altitude sickness, a range of potentially serious conditions. Proper acclimatization is crucial for safe and enjoyable mountaineering, especially when tackling peaks above 3,000 meters (10,000 feet). Let’s talk about the process. To grasp the importance of acclimatization in mountaineering, imagine this: if a person were to suddenly arrive at the summit of Mount Everest (8,848 meters) from sea level without proper acclimatization, their body would face an immediate, life-threatening crisis due to the extreme altitude and severe lack of oxygen. Here's what would happen: 1. Severe Hypoxia (Lack of Oxygen) At the summit of Everest, the atmospheric pressure is only about one-third of that at sea level, meaning the oxygen available is drastically reduced. Without acclimatization, the body cannot extract enough oxygen to sustain basic physiological functions. This would lead to confusion, loss of consciousness, and eventually death if oxygen isn't supplied immediately. 2. Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) Symptoms like headache, nausea, dizziness, and fatigue would set in almost instantly due to the lack of oxygen. 3. High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) The sudden exposure to high altitude could cause fluid to accumulate in the lungs, leading to extreme shortness of breath, a dry cough that may progress to pink frothy sputum, and a feeling of suffocation. 4. High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) Swelling in the brain due to hypoxia could occur, leading to confusion, hallucinations, loss of coordination, and possibly coma. 5. Extreme Fatigue and Circulatory Stress The lack of oxygen would place immense strain on the cardiovascular system. The heart rate would skyrocket in an attempt to deliver more oxygen to tissues, while muscles would rapidly tire, rendering movement almost impossible. 6. Rapid Deterioration and Likely Death Within minutes to hours, the combination of hypoxia, fluid buildup in the lungs and brain, and the body's inability to adapt would lead to death unless immediate medical intervention, such as supplemental oxygen and descent to a lower altitude, is provided. This scenario underscores the importance of gradual acclimatization, which allows the body to adapt to lower oxygen levels by increasing red blood cell production, improving oxygen delivery to tissues, and reducing the risk of altitude-related illnesses. So why is Acclimatization Important? Without proper acclimatization, you risk developing altitude sickness, which can manifest in several forms: Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS): The mildest form, with symptoms like headache, nausea, fatigue, and dizziness. High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE): Fluid buildup in the lungs, a potentially life-threatening condition. High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE): Swelling of the brain, also life-threatening. Acclimatization allows your body to adapt to the lower oxygen levels by: Increasing breathing rate: To take in more oxygen. Producing more red blood cells: To carry more oxygen throughout the body. Releasing more of an enzyme that facilitates the release of oxygen from hemoglobin to the body tissues. Adjusting kidney function: To maintain proper fluid balance. Members of 1924 Everest expedition. “We certainly, in 1924, did learn a great deal about the extent to which acclimatization is progressive. It was also quite clearly established, I think, that those who had lived for considerable periods at a height of over 16,000 feet, even after the lapse of two years, got their acclimatization more rapidly than beginners. Even in 1922 we noticed that Mallory was far fitter at high altitudes than anyone else at the start.” - The Fight for Everest 1924: Mallory, Irvine and the Quest for Everest by E.F. Norton How Acclimatization Works: The key principle of acclimatization is gradual ascent. This allows your body time to adjust to each new altitude. The general guidelines are: "Climb High, Sleep Low": Ascend to a higher altitude during the day, but descend to a lower altitude to sleep. This exposes your body to the lower oxygen levels but allows it to recover at a lower altitude. 300-500 meters (1,000-1,600 feet) per day above 3,000 meters (10,000 feet): This is a general guideline for ascent rate. However, individual responses vary, and you may need to ascend slower. To illustrate the acclimatization process in mountaineering, let's examine two peaks: Lenin Peak (7,134 meters) and Mount Everest (8,848 meters). Acclimatization on Mount Lenin: A Detailed Look The entire expedition to Mount Lenin typically spans 14 to 21 days, with a significant portion dedicated to acclimatization. This period allows climbers to progressively adjust to higher elevations, ensuring the body adapts adequately to the reduced oxygen availability. While not as high as Everest, Mount Lenin's altitude still presents a significant challenge and requires careful acclimatization to prevent altitude sickness. Here's a typical approach: 1. Arrival and Trek to Base Camp (approx. 3-4 days): Most expeditions start in Osh, Kyrgyzstan, from where you'll travel to Base Camp (BC) at "Achik-Tash" (3,600m / 11,800ft). This journey is often done by vehicle, but it's still important to take it relatively easy on the first day at BC to begin the acclimatization process. Some operators include a short acclimatization hike to "Edelweiss Meadow" (around 3,800m / 12,500ft) near BC. 2. Acclimatization Rotations (approx. 10-14 days): The core of acclimatization on Lenin Peak involves a series of rotations between different camps: "Climb High, Sleep Low" Principle: Climbers will typically ascend to a higher camp, spend some time there to acclimatize, and then descend back to a lower camp to sleep. This process is repeated multiple times. Rest Days: Rest days at Base Camp and Camp 1 are essential for recovery and adaptation. Base Camp (3,600m / 11,800ft) to Camp 1 (4,400m / 14,400ft): This is a relatively straightforward hike across moraine and some gentle glacier terrain. Camp 1 (4,400m / 14,400ft) to Camp 2 (5,300m / 17,400ft): This is a more challenging day, involving steeper slopes and potentially some fixed ropes. Camp 2 (5,300m / 17,400ft) to Camp 3 (6,100m / 20,000ft) or Razdelnaya Peak (6,148m / 20,170ft): This is the most crucial acclimatization stage. Spending nights at Camp 3 or even making a short ascent to Razdelnaya Peak and returning to Camp 2 is highly recommended. 3. Summit Push (approx. 3-4 days): Once acclimatized, the summit push typically follows this schedule: Camp 2 (5,300m / 17,400ft) to Camp 3 (6,100m / 20,000ft): Move up to Camp 3. Camp 3 (6,100m / 20,000ft) to High Camp (6,400m / 21,000ft) or Camp 4 (6,900m / 22,600ft - less common): Move to the highest camp. Some expeditions skip Camp 4 to shorten the summit day. Summit Day: Start very early (around midnight or 1 am) for the summit push. The route involves climbing on snow and ice slopes, with some sections that may require the use of ropes and ice axes. Descent: Descend as quickly as possible after reaching the summit to avoid spending too much time at high altitude. Typical Timeline Summary: Arrival and Trek to BC: 3-4 days Acclimatization Rotations: 10-14 days Summit Push and Descent: 3-4 days Total Expedition Time: 16-22 days (approximately 2-3 weeks) Key Considerations for Mount Lenin Acclimatization: Altitude: While lower than Everest, 7,134m is still very high, and altitude sickness can be a serious concern. Weather: The weather on Lenin Peak can be unpredictable, with strong winds and sudden changes in temperature. Crevasses: There are crevasses on the route, especially on the glacier sections, so proper glacier travel skills and rope techniques are essential. Individual Acclimatization: As with any high-altitude climb, individual responses to altitude vary. It's vital to listen to your body and descend if you experience symptoms of altitude sickness. “At the same spot where the British pioneers set up their base camp, I camped for more than 2 months. From there I put an intermediate camp at 6,000 meters and 500 meters higher, my advanced base camp as a starting point for the solo climb to the summit. From base camp, I made numerous acclimatization and reconnaissance sorties to the north, west, and south.” - Reinhold Messner, “Crystal Horizon: Everest - The First Solo Ascent”. For more about Messner's acclimatization process check out this article The Everest Acclimatization Process: A Detailed Look The goal of acclimatization on Everest is to gradually expose your body to the decreasing oxygen levels at higher altitudes, allowing it to adapt and minimize the risk of altitude sickness. This is achieved through a series of ascents and descents, known as rotations. 1. Trek to Base Camp (approx. 8-10 days): The journey typically begins with a trek to Everest Base Camp (EBC) at 5,364 meters (17,598 feet). This trek itself is part of the acclimatization process, as you gradually gain altitude over several days. You'll typically spend nights in villages like Namche Bazaar (3,440m/11,290ft) and Dingboche (4,410m/14,470ft), allowing your body to adjust to the increasing altitude. 2. Acclimatization Rotations (approx. 4-6 weeks): Once at EBC, climbers begin a series of rotations, climbing to higher camps and then descending back to EBC to rest and recover. This "climb high, sleep low" strategy is crucial for acclimatization. Typical Rotations: EBC to Camp 1 (6,065m/19,898ft): This involves navigating the Khumbu Icefall, a dangerous and constantly moving glacier. Camp 1 (6,500m/21,300ft) to Camp 2 (6,500m/21,300ft): This section involves climbing up the Western Cwm, a relatively flat glacier valley. Camp 2 (6,500m/21,300ft) to Camp 3 (7,200m/23,600ft): This is a steeper climb up the Lhotse Face. Sometimes a rotation to Camp 4 (7,900m/25,900ft) is included: This is the final camp before the summit push. Rest at Base Camp: After each rotation, climbers spend several days at EBC to rest and allow their bodies to adapt to the new altitude. 3. Summit Push (approx. 4-7 days): Once climbers are sufficiently acclimatized, they begin their summit push. This involves moving from EBC to higher camps in stages, eventually reaching Camp 4, the final camp before the summit. The summit push itself is a long and arduous process, typically taking around 16-20 hours. After reaching the summit, climbers descend as quickly as possible to avoid spending too much time in the "Death Zone" (above 8,000m/26,200ft). Timeline Summary: Trek to Base Camp: 8-10 days Acclimatization Rotations: 4-6 weeks Summit Push: 4-7 days Total Expedition Time: 6-10 weeks Important Considerations for Everest Acclimatization: Individual Variation: Everyone acclimatizes at different rates. It's crucial to listen to your body and descend if you experience symptoms of altitude sickness. Weather: Weather conditions can significantly impact the acclimatization process. Storms can force climbers to stay at lower altitudes for longer periods. Supplemental Oxygen: Most climbers use supplemental oxygen above 7,000 meters to reduce the risk of altitude sickness and improve performance. Experience and Fitness: Prior mountaineering experience and a high level of physical fitness are essential for a successful Everest climb. Key Takeaway: Acclimatization on Everest is a complex and lengthy process that requires careful planning and execution. It's crucial to work with experienced guides and listen to your body to ensure a safe and successful climb. Important Note: This information is for general knowledge and planning purposes only. Climbing Mount Lenin or Mount Everest is a serious undertaking, and it's crucial to have proper mountaineering experience, training, and equipment. It's highly recommended to join a guided expedition with experienced guides. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

I guess many of you have seen those social media graphics telling how Swedish mountaineer Goran Kropp traveled from Sweden to Nepal by bicycle to conquer Everest without bottled oxygen. In one of my upcoming articles, I will cover that story, but for now, I want to write about another feat of his. Before Everest, he conquered K2 Mountain in 1993. < Back Goran Kropp's Ascent to K2 Mountain I guess many of you have seen those social media graphics telling how Swedish mountaineer Goran Kropp traveled from Sweden to Nepal by bicycle to conquer Everest without bottled oxygen. In one of my upcoming articles, I will cover that story, but for now, I want to write about another feat of his. Before Everest, he conquered K2 Mountain in 1993. K2, the second-highest mountain on Earth, rises to a formidable height of 8,611 meters (28,251 feet) above sea level, trailing only Mount Everest at 8,849 meters (29,032 feet). Situated along the border between Pakistan and China, K2 is part of the Karakoram Range, a section of the greater Himalayan mountain system, in a region renowned for its isolated and rugged splendor. Dubbed the "Savage Mountain," K2 has garnered a reputation for its perilous conditions. It ranks among the deadliest peaks globally, with a staggering fatality rate of approximately 25%. This means that for every four climbers who reach the summit, one does not survive the descent. The mountain's steep, ice-clad slopes, volatile weather, and complex technical challenges contribute to its harrowing mortality rate. Our protagonist, Goran Kropp, first glimpsed K2 when he ascended Muztagh Tower in Pakistan, also known as the Impossible Mountain. As Goran writes, “It was like seeing a newborn baby for the first time: I experienced a profound longing, a love for that mountain. I knew I had to climb it one day.” In 1993, Goran Kropp joined a Swedish expedition headed for his dream mountain, K2, the world’s second-highest peak. No Scandinavian had yet scaled K2, and it occurred to him that he could become the first and would probably be able to support himself through mountaineering. But already in Islamabad, he met Tomaz, the leader of the Slovenian K2 expedition that he had bought into for about $9,000. When Goran introduced himself, Tomaz looked at him with surprise. “Kropp?” he stammered. “Oh, yes. That’s right. Thanks for your money. You can do whatever you want – but we’re climbing without you.” It turned out that Tomaz had wanted his money only to help fund his expedition. Apart from cash, he had no interest whatsoever in Goran. His statement became a slap in Goran’s face. Goran Kropp and K2 mountain Kropp arrived at Base Camp with his girlfriend, Josephine Beijer, and met David Sharman, an English climber who, like him, had also bought into the Slovenian team and been fooled. Kropp writes: “One day the Slovenian expedition set off for the top. At noon, we heard them on the radio: ‘One hour left to summit,’ they said. Of course, we were happy for them. But then the almost predictable storm broke, and there was no more word from them. Later that night, we heard news that all six climbers were huddling in a two-person tent flapping wildly in the gale.” Bostian suffered cerebral edema. Others tried to carry and pull him downhill, but he died on the Shoulder – the same haunted place where everyone perished in 1986. Goran climbed up to help them. In Camp Two, he met them. Stiepe was snow blind. One of Boris’s toes was frostbitten, as were all of Zvonko’s toes and fingers. He helped them into the tent. There was only room for half the tent on the ledge, however, so they crawled inside, pressed their backs up against the rock face, and dangled their feet over the edge. When he asked them to do this or help with that, they answered: “It’s no use. We’re too tired.” Zvonko’s hands were black and covered with frostbite blisters. After Kropp removed his boots, he saw that his feet, too, from the ankles down, were frozen solid. Then he placed Zvonko’s feet under his armpits to warm them, and they sat like that all night long while he spoke to them in a soothing tone. Perhaps he saved an inch or two of Zvonko’s feet. When he asked whether they reached the top, they answered “No,” after hesitating for a moment. Zvonko was the closest; he turned back 200 feet from the summit of K2. Back home, Boris eventually had two toes amputated, and Zvonko lost all ten of his fingers and all ten toes. But in order to recoup the expedition’s finances and their honor, the Slovenians made a desperate decision. They fabricated a story that they had reached the summit. As Goran writes, “It was a miserable lie, of course, one that poisons mountaineering.” David Sharman and Goran, meanwhile, were getting ready for their ascent. They headed up the Abruzzi Spur a week later, reaching Camp Four at 26,200 feet on August 22. The weather was good, with no snow, but David was complaining of a headache. After a restless time spent in the tent, at 3:00 AM, Kropp started the ascent. David started shortly after him. Soon after the sun appeared in the sky, David gave up; it turned out he had slipped and fractured something. Kropp was now alone. He approached the Bottleneck, a difficult section that had taken many lives. But Goran smoothly crossed that section as if it weren’t at all the notorious K2. At 11:00, he stood at the summit of K2, the mountain of mountains. He took his camera from his backpack and took pictures of the view and himself. He thought to himself, “What a star I am! I’ve climbed the hardest peak in the world without any problems.” Goran Kropp making his iconic journey by bicycle But at that very same moment, he felt the power of the mountain. The icy cold mountain was getting ready to punish him for his pride. He immediately started climbing back down the summit snow ridge to get to Camp Three as soon as possible before the storm hit. His crampon came off and fell down the icy slope. Desperately groping for his ice axe, after falling for 100 feet, he grabbed his ice axe and managed to stop. He was still above the notorious Bottleneck, and the blizzard was now approaching. He put his crampon back on with difficulty as his hands were very cold. The fear of death moved him. Just as the storm hit, he reached Camp Four and crawled into his tent. David was not there; he had descended earlier. Kropp writes: “I realized to my chagrin that everything was exactly as it had been at the start of the 1986 tragedy. But they had been eight, and I was alone.” He knew he should not make the mistake of the 1986 expedition and wait for the storm to pass. Now cuddled in his sleeping bag, he tried to regain his strength as soon as possible to continue the descent. He forced himself to eat every scrap of food he could find and turned on his Walkman to listen to some samba, the happiest music he had. Morning came, but the storm didn’t subside. Earlier, they had marked the route back, placing marker sticks every 80 feet to get from that ridge down the Abruzzi Spur and Base Camp. But now, as he got out of the tent, he found that the snow was up to his waist. No bamboo wands, nothing. He returned to the tent. He realized he needed a rope. He then remembered Bostian, who had died there from cerebral edema. He got out of the tent to look for Bostian’s body, which was tied with a rope used to drag him down. With great difficulty, he found Bostian’s backpack, and luckily inside was a rope. No need to find Bostian himself. He then tied one end of the rope to his tent and himself to the other end, then used the rope as a tether to search for the marker wands and still find his way back to the tent. After four hours, he found the first marker. Alas, he was now stuck in deep snow. Goran thought, “Now it’s over! I will die.” Just at that moment, the snowy fog opened up long enough for Goran to see the next marker wand leading across the snow slope to the descent ridge. He slid forward. Soon, night fell. He was now left without food and water. He ate snow, which could cause diarrhea. At Camp One, he heard a loud clap. It was an avalanche that passed 300 feet away. But the wind blast threw him fifteen or twenty feet until the fixed rope he was tied to stopped his fall. But at that moment, the videotape with all his film sequences fell out of his backpack and rolled down into the abyss. Not much later, he fell into a small glacial lake. Standing in water up to his waist, he was instantly chilled to the marrow. After getting out of the water, he was now shivering with hypothermia. He forced himself to tear off his sodden outer clothes, wring them out, and get into his sleeping bag to sleep for 28 hours. After he got up, he noticed the multicolored tents that marked Base Camp; he had slept 600 feet from there. He took his radio and called, “Goran Kropp here!” The surprised voice answered, “We thought you were dead.” His girlfriend, Josephine Beijer, had also thought that he had died. Later, he realized that he had lost her on K2. Josephine just couldn’t live with that kind of worry and left him after she realized he wanted to continue high-altitude climbing. Another sixteen-hour sleep was required to recover from that exhausting journey. This ascent made Kropp the second person to summit K2 without the use of supplemental oxygen. For this article, I referenced Goran Kropp’s book Ultimate High: My Everest Odyssey." Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Explore Armenia's World War II memorials, honoring the bravery of its people. These monuments serve as poignant reminders of sacrifice and valor, standing as a testament to their bravery and unwavering dedication to their country. < Back World War II Memorials In Armenia Explore Armenia's World War II memorials, honoring the bravery of its people. These monuments serve as poignant reminders of sacrifice and valor, standing as a testament to their bravery and unwavering dedication to their country. In 1920, Armenia's population stood at 700 thousand. By the onset of World War II, it had swelled to 1.5 million, yet remained the smallest in the Soviet Union (1.1% of the USSR's population). Despite this, around 500,000 Armenians were conscripted into the Soviet army from 1941 to 1945, with every other soldier failing to return from the front lines. World War II Memorial In Mastara village, Aragatsotn region Among them, 103 Armenians were honored with the title of hero, 27 were bestowed with the prestigious Order of Glory, and approximately 80,000 received various medals and honors. Notably, 30,000 Armenians fought in the Battle of Stalingrad. The ranks of Armenian generals swelled to 64 within the USSR, including marshals, generals, and admirals, many of whom assumed crucial roles during the war: 1 as front commanders, 3 as army commanders, 5 as corps commanders, 22 as division commanders, 25 as brigade commanders, and 100 as regiment commanders. World War II Memorial In Arshaluys village, Armavir region In remembrance of their sacrifice, monuments and memorials were erected in nearly every city and village across Armenia after World War II. These structures still stand today, serving as poignant reminders of the harrowing events of that era. Crafted with artistic finesse, these monuments captivate the attention of visitors, especially those from beyond the former Soviet sphere. To be continued... Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. Project Gallery You May Also Like Inside Levon’s Divine Underground The Soviet “Raketa” boats of Lake Sevan Top Railway Stations to See in Armenia The Soviet-Era Sanatorium in Armenia Built by German Prisoners of War A Soviet-era sanatorium with forgotten masterpieces The ZTA-2.6 Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Inside a Soviet-Era Crystal Growth Lab Exploring a Soviet-era abandoned driving school in Armenia Previous Next

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, numerous industrial plants, hotels, pioneer camps, cultural centers, and other establishments fell victim to looting and the ravages of time. Over the years, these sites have acquired an air of mystery and allure, making them increasingly appealing to tourists. In this article, I have selected the top abandoned places in Armenia that I have personally explored and documented, now awaiting your discovery. < Back Top Abandoned Places in Armenia Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, numerous industrial plants, hotels, pioneer camps, cultural centers, and other establishments fell victim to looting and the ravages of time. Over the years, these sites have acquired an air of mystery and allure, making them increasingly appealing to tourists. In this article, I have selected the top abandoned places in Armenia that I have personally explored and documented, now awaiting your discovery. Herouni's Radio-Optical Telescope Herouni’s Radio-Optical Telescope stands abandoned yet majestic, a marvel of Soviet engineering. This impressive structure was once pivotal in astronomical research, symbolizing the Soviet Union’s advancements in science and technology. Although no longer in use, the massive dish and surrounding facilities continue to inspire awe, serving as a poignant reminder of Armenia’s contributions to scientific exploration during the Soviet era. An aerial photo of ROT54 telescope Abandoned Hotel This abandoned hotel, located on the shore of Lake Sevan, was once a luxurious accommodation for travelers and dignitaries. Now in ruins, this hotel was part of the Soviet initiative to promote tourism and showcase Armenia’s natural beauty. Its grand halls are now decayed and overgrown, while the foyer features a giant mosaic of the goddess Astghik by Garnik Smbatyan. Walking through its deserted corridors, one can almost hear the echoes of its former guests and envision the staff who once maintained its elegance. The Birth of Astghik by Garnik Smbatyan (1982) Abandoned School The abandoned school stands as a testament to Soviet emphasis on education, featuring well-decorated classrooms, marvelous architecture, and vintage posters. These institutions played a pivotal role in shaping the minds of young Armenians, instilling a sense of Soviet identity and pride. Today, the dilapidated buildings and overgrown grounds reflect the passage of time and changing educational norms. Exploring this site evokes nostalgia for the past and contemplation of future generations. Ready to sneak inside Abandoned Soviet Pioneer Camp Once a vibrant center for youth activities, the abandoned Soviet Pioneer Camp now stands as a relic of youth and idealism. These camps were designed to instill Soviet values and foster camaraderie among young pioneers. The camp’s decaying statues, playgrounds, and an impressive swimming pool are silent reminders of Soviet social engineering efforts. Visiting this site offers a poignant glimpse into the cultural and social fabric of the Soviet era. Thanks to its charming swimming pool this place attracts urbexers from around the world Abandoned Sanatorium Built by German Prisoners of War Nestled in a serene landscape, the abandoned sanatorium built by German prisoners of war during World War II holds significant historical value. Initially intended as a health retreat, this facility reflects the Soviet Union's use of prisoner labor for construction. The sanatorium’s architecture, blending utilitarian Soviet design with traditional elements, starkly contrasts with its current state of disrepair. The overgrown grounds and crumbling walls now exude an eerie tranquility, providing a unique exploration experience. This building is huge and it takes hours to explore it Abandoned Carpet Factory The abandoned Carpet Factory stands as a testament to Armenia's industrial past under Soviet influence. Known for its intricate designs and high-quality carpets, this factory was once vital to the local economy. Now, its empty weaving halls and rusting machinery evoke a sense of lost grandeur. The remnants of unfinished carpets and decaying equipment vividly illustrate the decline of a once-thriving industry. This machinery in the carpet factory was performing the preliminary threading Giant Thread Factory Once a bustling hub of textile production, the Giant Thread Factory now lies in desolation, its rusting machinery and crumbling walls a testament to Armenia's industrial heritage. During the Soviet era, this factory played a crucial role in producing thread for various industries. Today, exploring its vast halls offers a stark contrast between its industrious past and silent present. This is another giant factory that few have seen Old Khot or the Armenian Machu Picchu Old Khot, also known as Hin Khot, is often referred to as the Armenian Machu Picchu due to its resemblance to the Inca citadel in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru. Social changes in the 20th century led to the abandonment of Old Khot. Instead of improving infrastructure with a proper road, new pipeline, and enhanced electricity facilities, authorities decided to relocate the village to a new settlement on a plateau. In the 1960s and 1970s, inhabitants were moved to higher ground closer to the main road and utility lines on flatter land, a trend observed in many villages, including Khndzoresk. Me exploring Old Khot Abandoned Cable Car Station This cable car station opened on June 16, 1977, as a crucial transport hub for a city of over 23,000, handling up to 900 passengers daily. As the population declined, ridership fell to 450. Operating from 7:30 am to 12:30 am, it was reliable for decades but faced challenges. A lightning strike on May 24, 2014, damaged the motor and generator, leading to an 11-month closure. Although it reopened on April 22, 2015, travel time doubled. The station permanently ceased operations on March 1, 2016. These abandoned Soviet sites in Armenia provide a glimpse into the country's Soviet past. Each location, whether an industrial complex or educational institution, tells a unique story of Armenia's journey through the Soviet era. Exploring these places not only offers an adventure into the unknown but also deepens one's understanding of Armenia’s complex history and rich cultural heritage. Abandoned Refractory Brick Factory Built in 1951, the factory was strategically positioned near a rich clay deposit, crucial for producing high-quality fire-resistant bricks. At its peak, it employed over 600 workers, forming the backbone of the local economy and sustaining nearby villages and towns. Every day, seven to eight railway wagons carried bricks to Russia, fueling the Soviet Union’s vast industrial demand. Stepping inside today feels like entering a time capsule. Rusting machinery, heavy-duty tools, and even Soviet trucks remain scattered across the vast production halls. Strange metal devices — their purpose now forgotten — lie untouched, frozen in time as industrial relics of a vanished era. Join my urban explorer tours to uncover the hidden marvels of Armenia! For a personalized itinerary, please contact me. 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Khash is one of the oldest and most traditional Armenian dishes. This hot, gelatinous soup made from cow feet has long been a staple in Armenian culture and has spread throughout the Caucasus. The word khash comes from the Armenian verb khashel, meaning “to boil.” It also appears in names of other dishes like khashlama, khashil, and khashu. In this article, you'll discover the origins of khash and how it’s prepared. < Back Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Khash is one of the oldest and most traditional Armenian dishes. This hot, gelatinous soup made from cow feet has long been a staple in Armenian culture and has spread throughout the Caucasus. The word khash comes from the Armenian verb khashel, meaning “to boil.” It also appears in names of other dishes like khashlama, khashil, and khashu. In this article, you'll discover the origins of khash and how it’s prepared. Khash was originally considered food for the poor. As the story goes, a rich man once gave away a cow’s legs after keeping the best cuts. Later, he passed by a poor man’s home and was surprised by the aroma of something delicious—khash made from the very legs he had discarded. Since then, cow legs gained value and the dish earned respect. The main ingredient in khash is beef feet. Sometimes stomach is added too. First the feet are steamed and thoroughly cleaned to remove hair.. Then they’re soaked under running water for 10–12 hours to eliminate odors. Since the legs are mostly tendons and bone, they’re simmered for 6–8 hours. Cooking usually begins at night, so the dish can be served early in the morning. That’s the tradition: khash is a dawn meal, believed to strengthen the body with its rich collagen content. Khash as served at Amberd Restaurant in Armenia. How It's Served Khash is eaten with: Chopped garlic Salt Sliced radish Lavash bread Pickled vegetables Vodka And yes—vodka is part of the tradition. The eating process is a ritual in itself. Diners break dry lavash into the soup or use it to scoop the broth by hand. Often, the plate is covered with lavash, and small corners are opened to pull out the food piece by piece. Khash is mostly enjoyed in winter. In summer, Armenians head to high-altitude restaurants on Mount Aragats—up to 3,200 meters—to keep the tradition alive. It's not just about food; it’s a social event shared with friends and family, usually early in the morning. Not everyone loves khash at first, but those who do become loyal fans. It’s a great excuse to gather, feast, and toast. While it was once seen as a “man’s dish,” in recent years it’s gained popularity among women too. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Stone cairns, the carefully arranged stacks of rocks found in various landscapes across the world, have a rich history and continue to serve important functions today. These humble piles of stones, while seemingly simple, carry deep cultural significance and practical utility. < Back Stone Cairns: From Burial Mounds To Modern Markers Stone cairns, the carefully arranged stacks of rocks found in various landscapes across the world, have a rich history and continue to serve important functions today. These humble piles of stones, while seemingly simple, carry deep cultural significance and practical utility. If you have ever gone hiking, chances are high that you have encountered arranged stacks of stones, sometimes reaching or exceeding human height. Wondering what they are for? This article will shed light on the matter. The word "cairn" comes from the Scots word "cairn," (the meaning is the same) which originates from the Scottish Gaelic "càrn." Similar words are found in other Celtic languages, like Welsh "carn," Breton "karn," Irish "carn," and Cornish "karn" or "carn. Stone cairns Cairns have been constructed since prehistoric times, with some of the earliest examples dating back to the Neolithic period. These ancient cairns were often used as burial sites, marking the graves of important individuals or leaders. For instance, in Wales, archaeologists have discovered cairns that are over 4,500 years old, believed to be the resting places of Neolithic tribal leaders. Cairns hold cultural significance in many parts of the world. In Scotland, it is traditional to carry a stone from the bottom of a hill to place on a cairn at the summit. This practice not only marks the achievement of reaching the top but also contributes to the growth of the cairn over time. An old Scottish Gaelic blessing, "Cuiridh mi clach air do chàrn," means "I'll put a stone on your cairn." In Peru, cairns are often built as shrines, holding deep symbolic meaning in local folklore. Me standing near a huge stone cairn at the top of Mount Aragats Ancient Uses of Stone Cairns 1. Navigational Aids : In ancient times, cairns were used as landmarks to guide travelers across vast, featureless terrains such as deserts, tundras, and mountain passes. In regions like Scandinavia, Scotland, and the Himalayas, these stone markers were essential for navigation, marking safe paths through treacherous landscapes. 2. Burial Sites : Many cultures used cairns to mark graves or commemorate the dead. In Scotland, for example, cairns often covered burial sites, serving as lasting memorials. Similarly, Native American tribes in North America used cairns for burials and to honor significant individuals. 3. Territorial Markers : Cairns also functioned as boundary markers, delineating territories and property lines. They were used to mark the boundaries of tribal lands, ensuring that each group’s territory was clearly defined. 4. Spiritual and Religious Significance : Many cairns had spiritual or religious importance. They were often constructed as offerings to deities or spirits, especially in places considered sacred or significant. In the Andes, cairns called “apachetas” were built by indigenous peoples as offerings to the gods, particularly to ensure safe passage through the mountains. Stone cairns at the top of mount Tirinkatar, Armenia Modern Uses of Stone Cairns 1. Trail Markers : Today, cairns are commonly used on hiking trails to guide trekkers. They help hikers find their way in areas where trails might be faint, covered in snow, or obscured by other natural elements. In places like the Appalachian Trail in the United States or the Inca Trail in Peru, cairns provide reassurance and direction to adventurers. 2. Environmental Awareness : Cairns can also serve to protect the environment by marking designated paths and reducing the impact of foot traffic on surrounding vegetation and wildlife. By following cairns, hikers can avoid creating new trails that could lead to soil erosion and habitat destruction. 3. Artistic and Cultural Expressions : In recent years, building cairns has become a form of artistic expression and a way for people to leave their mark in nature. While this practice can be controversial due to potential environmental impacts, many view it as a way to connect with the landscape and those who will come after. The 2022 movie Against the Ice , based on a true story , follows the harrowing journey of Danish explorer Ejnar Mikkelsen and his sole companion, mechanic Iver Iversen, as they venture into the treacherous landscape of Greenland in 1909. Their mission is to recover crucial documents left behind by the previous "Denmark Expedition" of 1906-1908, which could validate Denmark’s claim to the northeastern part of Greenland. After three months, the explorers locate the stone cairn containing records that disprove the existence of the Peary Channel, thereby proving that Greenland is a single island and negating any U.S. territorial claims in the Arctic. Stone cairns stand as silent witnesses to human history. From ancient burial mounds to serving as modern markers, they represent our enduring desire to connect with the past and present. The next time you encounter a cairn on your travels, take a moment to ponder the stories it might hold... 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I got you — you're the one who wants to climb Mount Aragats! Don’t worry about the Mount Aragats hike difficulty — even with just average physical shape, we can make it together. I offer a guided climb of Aragats, designed to be safe, fun, and packed with stunning views. It’s the perfect Aragats day trip from Yerevan for adventure lovers! The distance from Yerevan (Republic Square) to Lake Kari is just 60 km, and in about 1 hour and 10 minutes, we’ll be there! From Lake Kari, we’ll start our Mount Aragats hike, covering 5.5 km to reach the Southern summit of Aragats. This route is ideal for a summer hike on Aragats—not too technical, but still exciting. Curious about the Aragats climbing difficulty? The Southern peak is the easiest of the four, making it perfect for beginners. You’ll gain around 688 meters in elevation—so yes, there’s a solid workout, but nothing extreme. So if you're wondering about the Aragats elevation gain or the best time to climb Aragats—it’s from June to November, hands down. The weather is mild, the skies are clear, and the views? Unreal. Join me for an outdoor adventure that blends mystery, optical illusions, and fresh mountain air! < Back From Yerevan to Mount Aragats I got you — you're the one who wants to climb Mount Aragats! Don’t worry about the Mount Aragats hike difficulty — even with just average physical shape, we can make it together. I offer a guided climb of Aragats, designed to be safe, fun, and packed with stunning views. It’s the perfect Aragats day trip from Yerevan for adventure lovers! The distance from Yerevan (Republic Square) to Lake Kari is just 60 km, and in about 1 hour and 10 minutes, we’ll be there! From Lake Kari, we’ll start our Mount Aragats hike, covering 5.5 km to reach the Southern summit of Aragats. This route is ideal for a summer hike on Aragats—not too technical, but still exciting. Curious about the Aragats climbing difficulty? The Southern peak is the easiest of the four, making it perfect for beginners. You’ll gain around 688 meters in elevation—so yes, there’s a solid workout, but nothing extreme. So if you're wondering about the Aragats elevation gain or the best time to climb Aragats—it’s from June to November, hands down. The weather is mild, the skies are clear, and the views? Unreal. Join me for an outdoor adventure that blends mystery, optical illusions, and fresh mountain air! A hiking trip to Aragats is a must for every adventure traveler visiting Armenia! Mount Aragats is located in the central part of Armenia, northwest of Yerevan and north of the Ararat Plain at the border of Aragatsotn and Shirak regions! Rising proudly amidst the rugged landscapes of Armenia's natural beauty, Mount Aragats with its 4 summits stands as a majestic symbol of natural grandeur and cultural significance. With its snow-capped peaks, lush meadows, and ancient volcanic formations, this mighty Armenian mountain offers a captivating experience for adventurers and nature enthusiasts looking for trekking in Armenia. Aragats has four summits, which are named according to their relative geographic position: Northern—4,090 m (13,420 ft) Highest in Armenia Western—3,995 m (13,107 ft) Eastern—3,908 m (12,822 ft) Southern—3,888 m (12,756 ft) All four summits are accessible for hikers and do not require technical skills. Among them, the Southern Summit is particularly popular due to its easy accessibility. An old but reasonably well-preserved asphalt road leads to an altitude of 3,200 meters, where the Stone Lake, Meteorological Station, and Cosmic Ray Research Station are situated. That's the starting point of our hike! Lake Kari and Southern Aragats! From the shore of lake Kari the hike begins... The distance from Yerevan (Republic Square) to Stone Lake is 60km. Early in the morning (before the rush hour) it takes around 1 hour 10 minutes to reach there! On our way we will stop to have some fun making experiments on "Aragats Gravity Hill". Here we go... Despite the cold and deep snow, we’ve left Lake Kari behind and are moving onward to conquer the summit. ----------------------- Tour Details: Start: 7:30-8.00 AM from Yerevan Finish: Around 5 PM in Yerevan Hiking Distance: 5.5km (One way) Duration: 2.5-3 hours (Ascent)! Descent takes around 2 hours Altitude Gain: 688 meters Start point: Stone Lake End point: Stone Lake Difficulty: Moderate Trail Type : Out-and-Back Transportation: Sedan --------------- Tour Price to the Summit of Mount Aragats (Southern)! 1-4 Participants: 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! ----------------- The Price Includes: Transportation (Pick Up & Drop-off) Service of a guide. -------------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) ---------- Gear for Mount Aragats 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: Sufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots: Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! 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As a child, I remember gazing at the large bookshelves in our home, filled with books neatly lined up one after another. Among them, one stood out—a book displayed with its cover facing outward. On the cover was an image of a man traversing a snowy, rocky mountain, pulling a loaded yak behind him. The white letters in Russian on the cover were unreadable to me then. But soon, I learned to read and write, and that book turned out to be The Crystal Horizon by Reinhold Messner. Let’s talk about it. < Back On Reinhold Messner’s book “The Crystal Horizon: Everest – The First Solo Ascent” As a child, I remember gazing at the large bookshelves in our home, filled with books neatly lined up one after another. Among them, one stood out—a book displayed with its cover facing outward. On the cover was an image of a man traversing a snowy, rocky mountain, pulling a loaded yak behind him. The white letters in Russian on the cover were unreadable to me then. But soon, I learned to read and write, and that book turned out to be The Crystal Horizon by Reinhold Messner. Let’s talk about it. On August 20, 1980, Reinhold Messner made history as the first person to climb Mount Everest solo and without supplemental oxygen, pioneering a new route on the North Col/face. For me, this ascent remains the epitome of heroism in mountaineering. It’s a feat that I would only compare to Hermann Buhl’s legendary first ascent of Nanga Parbat in 1953. However, while Buhl had a large team supporting him, Messner embarked on his Everest climb accompanied only by his girlfriend, with no backup team. The first time I read The Crystal Horizon was in Russian. It was published in Moscow in 1980 with 100,000 copies, a rarity and highly sought-after book at the time. My father, through his connections, managed to get a copy. Years later, I bought the original German version of the book. Though I wasn’t fluent in German, I pushed myself to read it, learning new words and significantly improving my language skills in the process. This book is not just a thrilling account of a mountaineering milestone; it’s also a source of inspiration and personal growth. The Russian and German editions of The Crystal Horizon Later, when I got my hands on both the English and German editions of The Crystal Horizon, I noticed that they included more photos than the Russian one. Despite this, the book was highly valued in Soviet countries, where access to Western literature was limited, and it played a significant role in introducing Messner’s incredible achievements to a wider audience. The Russian edition, though slightly abridged in visuals, still managed to capture the essence of his journey and contributed to making Messner famous among mountaineering enthusiasts in the USSR. The first page instantly captures the reader's attention, beginning with a heartfelt letter from Messner’s mother. However, this letter appears only on the early pages of the Russian version, while in the German edition, it is found on pages 306–307. Personally, I find the Russian version more compelling and greatly value their approach. Having already lost one of her sons, Günther, she found it incredibly difficult to come to terms with Messner’s future ascents. This letter is not only deeply moving but also serves as a poignant reminder of the psychological challenges and emotional weight that accompanied this extraordinary climb. Messner begins by recounting early attempts to conquer Everest, including the fascinating story of Maurice Wilson’s ill-fated expedition. This historical context adds immense value to the ascent, as it helps the reader fully appreciate the near-impossible nature of Messner’s achievement. No surprise that throughout his ascent, he constantly thinks about Wilson and Mallory, asking himself whether they made it. Here's an excerpt: "If Wilson had managed to get up here, I think suddenly, would he have reached the summit? Wilson was tougher than I am, uncompromising, and capable of enduring loneliness. The stretch above me seems really easy, so Wilson would have been able to climb it, at least as far as the North-East Ridge." When I read this book around 2005, during the pre-Internet era in Armenia—when dial-up connections were still a novelty and access to information was limited—I learned a great deal about the pioneering expeditions. It was through this book that I first discovered the stories of Mallory and Irvine, as well as Maurice Wilson. Messner accomplished this incredible feat not only solo but also during the monsoon season—a time when climbing conditions on Everest are notoriously harsh. Initially, his plan was to attempt the ascent in the mid-1980s. However, upon learning that Japanese climber Naomi Uemura had obtained permission to climb Everest in 1980/81, Messner decided to take on the challenge earlier, opting for an even more daring ascent: during the monsoon season and completely alone. Open page of the Russian edition of The Crystal Horizon Uemura was no ordinary competitor—he had reached the North Pole solo on a dog sled, a feat that underscored his determination and skill. However, despite his reputation, Uemura later canceled his plans to climb Everest from the North (Tibetan) side. Messner, on the other hand, pressed forward undeterred. Interestingly, Messner skillfully incorporates excerpts from his girlfriend Nena's diary, offering the reader a unique third-person perspective on the events. I plan to dedicate a separate article to Messner's 1980 solo ascent. For now, I highly recommend The Crystal Horizon to anyone fascinated by mountaineering, adventure, or stories of unparalleled human resilience. This book is much more than an account of a climb—it’s a profound journey into the mind of one of the greatest climbers in history. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

Located in Dilijan, Armenia, Aghasi Khanjyan's summer house was built between 1928 and 1936. Intended for the first secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia, the house was never used for its original purpose due to Khanjyan's untimely death. The house, now in ruins, has a mysterious and turbulent history, reflecting the political turmoil of its time. < Back Aghasi Khanjyan’s Summer House in Dilijan Located in Dilijan, Armenia, Aghasi Khanjyan's summer house was built between 1928 and 1936. Intended for the first secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia, the house was never used for its original purpose due to Khanjyan's untimely death. The house, now in ruins, has a mysterious and turbulent history, reflecting the political turmoil of its time. Aghasi Khanjyan's summer house, situated on the wooded slopes of Dilijan in the Tavush region of Armenia, was constructed between 1928 and 1936. Personally selected by Khanjyan, the location is believed to have once been the site of a Russian Imperial Army regiment cemetery. Although the house was intended for Khanjyan, who was the first secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia, he tragically passed away on July 9, 1936, in Tbilisi, under mysterious circumstances. While officially deemed a suicide, many believe Khanjyan was assassinated by Lavrenti Beria. Khanjyan's summer house today According to some eyewitnesses, Khanjyan was in this country house only once, before meeting Lavrenty Beria. During World War II, the property was repurposed as a cattle ranch and much of the original ornamentation was lost. Poghosov, the second secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia, organized the renovation of the building, but it was impossible to fully restore the ornamental designs on the walls; only the ceiling's ornamentation was preserved. Since the late 1980s, the summer house has been abandoned, leading to its partial collapse in 2013. Today, the building is almost entirely destroyed. The once-painted ceilings, walls, wooden interiors, ornate staircases, and colonnaded balconies have all vanished, leaving behind only bare walls and a few stone pillars standing against the sky. Statue "The King of the Forest" by Ara Sargsyan In 2018, it was announced that the new owner of the property planned to rebuild the summer house in its original form. However, when I visited in 2024, it was still lying in ruins. The summer house is located in Dilijan, just a few meters from the main road leading to Yerevan, on one of the wooded hills near Gorky Street, specifically at 15a Gorky Street. Nearby stands the statue "The King of the Forest" by sculptor Ara Sargsyan. The coordinates of Khanjyan’s summer house: 40°44'12"N 44°51'42"E Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

In recent years, urbex (urban exploration) has gained massive popularity, especially through social media. Soviet-era sites across post-Soviet countries have become hotspots for curious adventurers, photographers, and history buffs. One of the most striking destinations in Armenia is the ROT54 Radio-Optical Telescope, perched at 1700 meters above sea level on the southern slopes of Mount Aragats — the highest peak in the country. This tour gives you a rare chance to visit one of the most fascinating and mysterious scientific sites of the Soviet legacy: the Herouni United Space Center in the village of Orgov. < Back Urbex Tour to ROT54 – Explore Armenia’s Most Fascinating Abandoned Place In recent years, urbex (urban exploration) has gained massive popularity, especially through social media. Soviet-era sites across post-Soviet countries have become hotspots for curious adventurers, photographers, and history buffs. One of the most striking destinations in Armenia is the ROT54 Radio-Optical Telescope, perched at 1700 meters above sea level on the southern slopes of Mount Aragats — the highest peak in the country. This tour gives you a rare chance to visit one of the most fascinating and mysterious scientific sites of the Soviet legacy: the Herouni United Space Center in the village of Orgov. Hidden in the peaceful hills of Orgov lies ROT54 , an enormous and now-abandoned scientific structure. Built between 1975 and 1985 , this telescope features a massive 54-meter (177 ft) dish and was once among the most advanced radio-optical telescopes in the world. The project was the brainchild of Paris Herouni — a radio astronomer, physicist, and engineer — a determined Armenian scientist who spent years convincing Soviet authorities to approve its construction in Armenia. Aerial photo of ROT54 The telescope operated from 1986 until it stopped in 1990. In the mid-1990s, plans were made to restore it. From 1995 to 2010, it was partially modernized with new control computers and equipment, and observations resumed with help from the Astronomical Society of Russia and the National Technical University of Athens. But in 2012, a control arm failed, disabling the secondary mirror and stopping operations again. The Armenian government couldn’t afford repairs, and the facility was mothballed. To restart it, the control systems need major upgrades, old analog sensors must be replaced with digital ones, and the data systems must be modernized. Experts estimate the cost at around $25 million. In the control room of ROT54 Today, the dish stands silent. Inside the control room, everything remains as if time simply froze — a perfect set piece for any urban explorer. Arev: The Forgotten Solar Power Station Just a short walk from ROT54 lies Arev , an unfinished solar thermal power station designed by Paris Herouni during Armenia’s 1990s energy crisis. It was protected by nine patents and boasted higher efficiency than similar international projects. Despite attracting attention from global institutions, the project was never completed due to internal disputes and funding issues. Now, the skeletal remains of Arev resemble something from a science fiction film — a raw monument to Soviet ambition, lost in time. Tour Highlights Walk around the legendary ROT54 antenna Explore the iconic control room with original panels perfectly preserved Visit abandoned rooms, including a unique anechoic chamber Discover the futuristic “Arev” solar power station Climb the observation tower for stunning panoramic views of the area See the giant antenna mounted on a rocky outcrop near the complex More details… For groups larger than 4, please contact me via Telegram or WhatsApp. The number is listed at the bottom of the website. Transfer to and from your address in Yerevan Guide services Flexible schedule: time for photos, rest, and exploration Distance from Yerevan — about 40 km (approximately 50 minutes by car) Total tour duration — 4 to 5 hours The tour is conducted in a well-maintained Mitsubishi Pajero 4 Project Gallery You May Also Like Urbex Tour to ROT54 – Explore Armenia’s Most Fascinating Abandoned Place Hiking from Lake Parz to Gosh Village From Yerevan to Mount Aragats Hike Armenia by choosing the popular Smbataberd trail Stand-Up Paddleboarding Tour to Azat Reservoir Hiking Tour to Mount Azhdahak — The Best Trail in Armenia Climb Mount Artanish & Explore Sevanavank Monastery Climbing mount Aragats (all 4 summits) Previous Next

Kond is an old district in the eastern highlands of Yerevan within the boundaries of the modern Kentron administrative district. It is one of the oldest districts of Yerevan. In the Kond district, there are many historical buildings, including the famous Shia Islamic Tapabashi Mosque, built in 1687. < Back Kond Mosque in Yerevan Kond is an old district in the eastern highlands of Yerevan within the boundaries of the modern Kentron administrative district. It is one of the oldest districts of Yerevan. In the Kond district, there are many historical buildings, including the famous Shia Islamic Tapabashi Mosque, built in 1687. Kond Mosque, built in 1687, is a Shia Islamic mosque located in the south of Yerevan's Kond district. It is situated at the intersection of the current Kond, Rustaveli, and Simeon Yerevantsi streets. It is also known as Abbas-Ghulu Khan Mosque or Tapabashi Mosque. A historical photo of Kond Mosque Before the mosque, an Armenian church stood on this site until it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1679. Kond Mosque originally had two domes, one large and one small. The large dome was demolished in the 1960s. Even in ruins, this building is impressive. It boasts some of the finest architectural and design elements that Persian-style mosques are known for. The old walls of Kond Mosque barely stand today In 1915, 17 families who survived the Armenian Genocide found a shelter in here, and their descendants still live in the mosque building. Today, an Armenian man named Aram lives in the mosque with his family. He is very hospitable and always has a lot to show and tell his guests. Gallery You May Also Like Guide in Armenia Modernist architecture in the Soviet Union A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Tallest Stalin Statue Ever Erected A Hike to the Chalaadi Glacier The Real Story Behind the Movie The Lost City of Z Khash – One of the Most Unusual Armenian Dishes Hiking Guide to Climbing Mount Azhdahak

The Mikhail Khergiani House-Museum in Mestia honors one of Georgia’s greatest mountaineers — the legendary “Tiger of the Rocks.” Born in 1932, Khergiani conquered some of the world’s toughest peaks with remarkable skill and courage before his tragic death in the Dolomites in 1969. Housed in his family’s traditional Svan home and tower, the museum displays his climbing gear, personal belongings, and rare photos. Visitors can explore his legacy and enjoy panoramic views over Mestia and the Caucasus mountains from the tower’s top. < Back A Visit to the Mikhail Khergiani Museum The Mikhail Khergiani House-Museum in Mestia honors one of Georgia’s greatest mountaineers — the legendary “Tiger of the Rocks.” Born in 1932, Khergiani conquered some of the world’s toughest peaks with remarkable skill and courage before his tragic death in the Dolomites in 1969. Housed in his family’s traditional Svan home and tower, the museum displays his climbing gear, personal belongings, and rare photos. Visitors can explore his legacy and enjoy panoramic views over Mestia and the Caucasus mountains from the tower’s top. Mikhail Vissarionovich Khergiani was a legendary Georgian mountaineer, born on March 20, 1932, in the mountain village of Mestia. Known for his incredible speed and skill on some of the world’s toughest rock faces, he became a seven-time USSR climbing champion and earned the nickname “Tiger of the Rocks.” In 1963, he was awarded the title Honored Master of Sport of the USSR for his exceptional achievements. Parked my car in front of Mikhail Khergiani museum and is ready to explore it The Tragic Ascent In the summer of 1969, Khergiani joined a Soviet team on an expedition to the Italian Dolomites. Their goal was a series of difficult climbs, ending with an ascent of Mount Sualto (Civetta Massif) from the Alleghe side. During this final climb, a sudden rockfall struck. Leading the route, Khergiani was hit and thrown from the wall. His partner, Vyacheslav Onishchenko, heard a crash and a cry, braced himself for the pull, but the rope suddenly went slack — cut by falling rocks. Mikhail Khergiani was only 37 years old. His body was brought home to Mestia, where he was laid to rest. Today, his spirit lives on in the Mikhail Khergiani House-Museum, located in his birthplace — the Lagami district of Mestia. The Museum The museum opened in 1979, on the day of Mishaoba (Misha’s Day), a local holiday dedicated to his memory. It was established in Khergiani’s family home, a traditional Svan “machubi” house with an adjoining defensive tower. Enthusiasts and admirers from across the Soviet Union sent letters, artifacts, and personal mementos, many of which became part of the permanent exhibition or the special section “Gifts to the Museum.” By 1985, the full exhibition was completed, and the house-museum officially opened its doors to visitors. Inside the Museum The tour begins in the main room of the traditional Svan home. Here you’ll find family heirlooms: a cradle hanging by the hearth, a carved wooden chair, a dining table with benches, and simple household utensils that reflect the modest lifestyle of the Svan people. In Mikhail’s preserved bedroom, visitors can see his personal belongings — a wardrobe, bed, desk, and a map of the Himalayan ranges. Above the bed hangs a playful caricature of Khergiani as a tiger, drawn by Moscow artist Alexei Gaponenko. Another hall is devoted to the history of Soviet mountaineering, featuring vintage climbing equipment such as primus stoves, wooden-handled ice axes, hammers, compasses, and other gear. Khergiani’s own training uniform and numerous awards are also displayed, along with a section dedicated to the rescue team he once led. The Tower and the Legacy The house’s stone tower once served as storage during peaceful times, but today its roof has been transformed into a viewing platform offering stunning views over Mestia and the surrounding Caucasus peaks. Inside the tower, high on a wall that resembles a rock face, hangs the red rope that broke during Khergiani’s final climb — a somber yet powerful reminder of his courage and fate. Guided tours are led by Khergiani’s nephew, also named Mikhail, who continues his uncle’s mountaineering legacy. A Hero Remembered Though his life was cut short, Mikhail Khergiani’s name remains deeply respected in the mountaineering world. He was not only a fearless athlete but also a compassionate rescuer who saved countless lives. For anyone visiting Svaneti, a stop at the Mikhail Khergiani House-Museum is a must. It’s more than just a museum — it’s a heartfelt tribute to a man whose bravery, skill, and humanity continue to inspire climbers and adventurers around the world. 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