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Join my guided Mount Aragats hike and conquer one of its four summits by choosing the route that best matches your fitness level and goals. Just so you know, Mount Aragats has four summits, each named according to its geographical location: North, South, East, and West. All four are accessible and do not require technical climbing skills. Each route has its own challenge—ranging from moderate trails like the Southern Summit to steeper climbs like the North Peak. In this tour itinerary, you'll learn everything you need to know to choose which summit to climb. < Back Climbing mount Aragats (all 4 summits) Join my guided Mount Aragats hike and conquer one of its four summits by choosing the route that best matches your fitness level and goals. Just so you know, Mount Aragats has four summits, each named according to its geographical location: North, South, East, and West. All four are accessible and do not require technical climbing skills. Each route has its own challenge—ranging from moderate trails like the Southern Summit to steeper climbs like the North Peak. In this tour itinerary, you'll learn everything you need to know to choose which summit to climb. Mount Aragats, a striking natural landmark in the central part of Armenia, rises majestically to the northwest of Yerevan and north of the Ararat Plain, straddling the border between the Aragatsotn and Shirak regions. This iconic mountain features four distinct summits, each offering breathtaking views and symbolizing both natural beauty and cultural significance. All four peaks are accessible to hikers without the need for technical climbing skills. To embark on this adventure, you should be in good health, maintain an average level of physical fitness, and bring sufficient food and water. Additionally, wearing appropriate hiking attire is highly recommended to ensure a comfortable and safe experience. The 4 summits of mount Aragats are named according to their relative geographic position: Northern—4,090 m (13,420 ft) Highest summit in Armenia Western—3,995 m (13,107 ft) Eastern—3,908 m (12,822 ft) Southern—3,888 m (12,756 ft) All four summits offer accessible hiking routes suitable for adventurers of varying skill levels, with no technical expertise required. The Southern Summit stands out for its popularity, thanks to its easy accessibility. The Northern Summit presents a more challenging ascent, demanding robust physical fitness. The Western and Eastern summits present a more challenging ascent compared to the Southern Summit , requiring greater endurance and effort on the trail. During our journey on the way to lake Kari, we'll take a break to enjoy some playful experiments at "Aragats Gravity Hill". The road to lake Kari in midst May Aragats Gravity Hill is a fascinating natural phenomenon located on the southern slopes of Mount Aragats. It is often referred to as a "gravity hill" or "magnetic hill," where the laws of physics seem to defy common sense. At this site, objects such as cars or water appear to roll uphill instead of downhill, creating the illusion that an unseen force—like gravity or magnetism—is pulling them against the natural slope. A memorable photo on the shore of Lake Kari, guiding a group from Singapore to the southern summit of Mount Aragats! The effect at Aragats Gravity Hill, however, is not caused by any gravitational or magnetic anomaly but is rather an optical illusion. The surrounding landscape, including the slopes, horizon, and vegetation, creates a distorted perception of the terrain's incline. What appears to be an upward slope is, in fact, a slight The view of Northern Aragats from the peak of the Southern Summit, as witnessed by me Northern Aragats — 4,090 m (13,420 ft) Tour details: Distance: 6km (One way) Altitude Gain: 1090 meters Duration: 4,5 hours (Ascent)! Descent takes around 3,5 hours Start point: Gegharot Waterfall (3000m) End point: Gegharot Waterfall (3000m) Difficulty: Difficult Trail Type: Out-and-Back Transportation: Off-road car ----------------- Tour Price to the Summit of Mount Aragats (Northern)! Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group): 110.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! ------------ The Price Includes: Transportation (Pick Up & Drop-off) Service of a guide. -------------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) Eastern Aragats, as seen from the slopes of Northern Aragats. --------------------- Eastern Aragats — 3,908 m (12,822 ft) Tour Details: Distance: 4.5km (One way) Altitude Gain: 1200 meters Duration: 3.5 - 4 hours (Ascent)! Descent takes around 3 hours Start point: 10 km up from Aragats village, towards Gegharot waterfall End point: 10 km up from Aragats village, towards Gegharot waterfall Difficulty: Difficult Trail Type: Out-and-Back Transportation: Off-road car ---------------- Tour Price to the Summit of Mount Aragats (Eastern)! Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group): 110.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! ------------- The price includes: Pick up & drop off (In Yerevan) Transportation Service of a guide ---------------- Southern and Western Aragats, as seen from the summit of Northern Aragats. Western Aragats — 3,995 m (13,107 ft) Tour details: Distance: 6.5km (One way) Altitude Gain: 800 meters Duration: 3.5-4 hours (Ascent)! Descent takes around 3 hours Start point: Stone Lake End point: Stone Lake Difficulty: Difficult Trail Type: Out-and-Back Transportation: Sedan ------------------ Tour Price to the Summit of Mount Aragats (Western)! Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group): 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! ---------------- The price includes: Pick up & drop off (In Yerevan) Transportation Service of a guide -------------------- Southern Aragats as seen by me from the shore of lake Kari Southern Aragats — 3,888 m (12,756 ft) Tour details: Distance: 5.5km (One way) Altitude Gain: 688 meters Duration: 2.5-3 hours (Ascent)! Descent takes around 2 hours Start point: Stone Lake End point: Stone Lake Difficulty: Moderate Trail Type: Out-and-Back Transportation: Sedan ----------- Tour Price to the Summit of Mount Aragats (Southern)! Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group): 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! ----------- The price includes Pick up & drop off (In Yerevan) Transportation in air conditioned vehicle Service of a guide -------------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) ---------- Gear for Mount Aragats 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: S ufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots : Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! For more details or to book a tour, feel free to contact me directly via WhatsApp or Telegram for a quick response! Project Gallery You May Also Like A Unique Tour to Armenia’s Hidden Cold War Radio Center From Yerevan to Mount Aragats Tour to Armenia’s Particle Accelerator Climb Mount Artanish & Explore Sevanavank Monastery Urbex Tour to the Trophy 1m Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Observatory Hiking from Lake Parz to Gosh Village Urbex Tour to ROT54 – Explore Armenia’s Most Fascinating Abandoned Place Hike Armenia by choosing the popular Smbataberd trail Previous Next

Inside an abandoned textile factory in Armenia, I stumbled upon something unexpected: rows of old computers, a large auditorium, and a Soviet mosaic. While I'm usually drawn to monumental Soviet art, this time the computers completely stole the show. They looked like nothing I'd ever seen before—and strangely, even a Google image search didn’t turn up anything similar. < Back The Forgotten Computers of a Soviet-Era Factory Inside an abandoned textile factory in Armenia, I stumbled upon something unexpected: rows of old computers, a large auditorium, and a Soviet mosaic. While I'm usually drawn to monumental Soviet art, this time the computers completely stole the show. They looked like nothing I'd ever seen before—and strangely, even a Google image search didn’t turn up anything similar. Curious, I dug deeper. I ran a DeepSearch with Grok and asked around in the Reddit community r/vintagecomputers. Here’s what I found out: What Were These Mysterious Computers? The machines are labeled "AM-5" and were likely produced by Gerber Technology , a U.S. company known for CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) systems, especially for the garment industry . They were used from the late 1980s for tasks like pattern design , grading , and automated fabric cutting . Since the factory they were found in used to produce textiles, the match fits perfectly. Evidence points to the computers being manufactured in Germany , at Gerber's European branch— Gerber Technology GmbH in Ismaning, Germany. Why It Matters In the 1980s, companies like Gerber were revolutionizing how clothes were made. Their computers streamlined the process—digitally creating patterns, optimizing fabric usage, and even controlling cutting machines. These “AM-5” systems were likely part of that wave of innovation, quietly sitting in Armenia, forgotten by history. After stepping out of the computer room one can see a wonderful mosaic by Vanik Manukyan These machines, echoes of the past, are part of a larger narrative—where fashion and automation converged during the final years of the Soviet Union. Final Thoughts It’s frustrating how few people recognize the value of preserving relics like these. Old computers, military bunkers, carpet-weaving machines, thread spinners, watch-making tools—they’re all part of our industrial and cultural heritage. With the right approach, they could fuel niche tourism and spark real curiosity. But sadly, most are being looted or scrapped long before anyone realizes their worth. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Lake Sevan and the iconic Sevanavank Monastery are not just picturesque sights—they are among the top tourist attractions in Armenia and a reflection of the country’s deep cultural and natural heritage. Nestled on the Sevan Peninsula, Sevanavank Monastery combines breathtaking views, ancient architecture, and spiritual significance, making it a must-visit stop on any Armenia travel itinerary. Before you visit Lake Sevan, take a moment to explore the rich history behind this iconic destination in Armenia. < Back Lake Sevan and Sevanavank Monastery Lake Sevan and the iconic Sevanavank Monastery are not just picturesque sights—they are among the top tourist attractions in Armenia and a reflection of the country’s deep cultural and natural heritage. Nestled on the Sevan Peninsula, Sevanavank Monastery combines breathtaking views, ancient architecture, and spiritual significance, making it a must-visit stop on any Armenia travel itinerary. Before you visit Lake Sevan, take a moment to explore the rich history behind this iconic destination in Armenia. Lake Sevan: The Blue Pearl Lake Sevan, often referred to as the "Blue Pearl of Armenia," is one of the largest freshwater high-altitude lakes in the world. Situated at an altitude of about 1,900 meters above sea level, it covers an area of approximately 1,240 square kilometers, making it the largest lake in the Caucasus region. Elevation above sea level: 1,898 meters Dimensions: 74 km long × 32 km wide Surface area: 1,240 km² Water volume: 36.1 km³ Maximum depth: 79.7 meters Average depth: 26.8 meters Since 1923, Soviet authorities developed plans to use Lake Sevan's water for irrigation and energy. In 1926–1930, a scientific commission studied the lake basin. At the time (1927), the lake stood at an elevation of 1,935 meters. In 1931, a plan proposed lowering the lake level by 55 meters over 50 years—shrinking it to a 299 km² body known as "Little Sevan." The exposed land was to be used for agriculture and forestry. Work began in 1933, including the deepening of the Hrazdan River bed and construction of drainage tunnels 40 meters below the lake. Full-scale water withdrawal started in 1937 with the launch of the Sevan–Hrazdan hydro-irrigation complex, boosting Armenia’s Soviet-era economy. By the end of that year, the lake had already dropped 10 meters. World War II delayed further work until 1949. After that, the lake level fell by over 1 meter annually, triggering serious ecological consequences. Combined with rising wastewater discharge, this led to eutrophication—an explosion in organic matter from 25,000 tons in the 1930s to 150,000 tons by 1999. Lake Sevan began to “bloom” with algae, threatening its water quality and making it unsuitable for drinking or agriculture. Sevanavank monastic complex in winter By the late 1950s, the project to lower the lake was reconsidered. The exposed land turned out to be infertile, and Sevan remained Armenia’s only major freshwater reserve. A 1961 report by the Armenian Academy of Sciences urged halting the decline. At that point, the lake had dropped 13.7 meters. Plans were set in motion to divert water from the Vorotan and Arpa rivers back into the lake. Implementation began in 1981 with the construction of a 48.3 km tunnel from the Kechut reservoir. The second tunnel, 21.6 km long, connecting Vorotan and Arpa, began in the late 1980s but stalled during the economic crisis and was only completed in 2003. Water flow officially resumed in 2004. Since then, the lake has been recovering. In 2006, its level rose by 41 cm compared to the previous year. Between 2006 and 2010, annual increases ranged from 25 to 35 cm. However, Lake Sevan remains vulnerable. Any drop in water level poses a serious threat to its fragile ecosystem, water quality, and long-term role as Armenia’s key freshwater reserve. Lake Sevan and Artanish Peninsula The lake is a popular destination for both locals and tourists. Its shores are dotted with beaches, resorts, and recreational facilities. Visitors can enjoy various water activities such as swimming, boating, hiking, and fishing. The surrounding area also offers opportunities for hiking, camping, and exploring the natural beauty of Armenia. Lake Sevan is not only a natural beauty but also an ecological treasure. It supports a diverse range of flora and fauna, some of which are endemic to the region. The lake's ecosystem is crucial for the local environment, providing habitat for numerous species of fish, birds, and plants. Fishes Lake Sevan is home to several endemic fish species: Sevan beghlou (or barbel, Barbus goktschaicus ) Sevan khramulya ( Varicorhinus capoeta sevangi ) Sevan trout , also known as ishkhan ( Salmo ischchan ) Sevan trout, also known as ishkhan (Salmo ischchan) Historically, the ishkhan included four subspecies. Today, two of them — the winter bakhtak and the bodzhak — are extinct. The remaining subspecies are critically endangered. Birds Lake Sevan is a key habitat for the Armenian gull ( Larus armenicus ), with an estimated 4,000–5,000 breeding pairs. Armenian gull (Larus armenicus) Other bird species that frequent the lake include: Tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus ) Lesser white-fronted goose ( Anser erythropus ) Red-crested pochard ( Netta rufina ) Ferruginous duck ( Aythya nyroca ) Great black-headed gull ( Larus ichthyaetus ) A painting by Hovhannes Aivazovsky titled "Sevan Lake, Sunrise," 1869. Notice that the painting shows the Sevan Peninsula while it was still an island Sevanavank Monastery: A Spiritual Haven Perched on a peninsula that juts into the northwestern part of Sevan Lake is the Sevanavank Monastery, one of Armenia's most iconic religious sites. The monastery, which dates back to the 9th century, was founded by Princess Mariam, the daughter of King Ashot I. Originally, the complex included three churches, but only two have survived to the present day: the Church of St. Arakelots (Holy Apostles) and the Church of St. Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God). The Church of St. Arakelots (Holy Apostles) The architecture of Sevanavank is a fine example of medieval Armenian design. The churches are constructed from black tuff, a volcanic rock that gives the buildings their distinctive dark appearance. The simplicity and solidity of the structures, combined with their stunning location overlooking the lake, create a sense of tranquility and reverence. Sevanavank has played a significant role in Armenian history. During the medieval period, it served as an important center for learning and spiritual growth. Sevan Writers' Rest House Located on the Sevan Peninsula, the Sevan Writers’ Rest House is an architectural gem and a landmark of Soviet Modernist design. Conceived by prominent Armenian architects Gevorg Kochar and Mikayel Mazmanyan, the complex was built in two phases: first came the Residence Hall, followed by the now-iconic Lounge building. The earliest sketches of the Residence Hall date back to 1932, and archival materials confirm that construction was completed by 1935. Tragically, the political repression of the era did not spare the architects. During the Great Purge of 1937, both Kochar and Mazmanyan were arrested at their workplace, and their lives turned into a struggle for survival. In 1963, decades after the original construction—and following his release from imprisonment—Gevorg Kochar was invited to lead the resort’s reconstruction and expansion. As part of the redesign, he added an additional floor to the Residence Hall, introducing a broad terrace that organically extended the logic and aesthetics of the original concept. Kochar also introduced a new Lounge building during the reconstruction. Though stylistically distinct from the Residence Hall, the two structures formed a strikingly harmonious ensemble, blending with the surrounding landscape and visually incorporating the medieval Sevan Monastery churches perched atop the peninsula. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

This review reflects my personal experience and thoughts on using the Naturehike Cloud Up 2-person lightweight backpacking tent and is entirely independent and unbiased. < Back Review of Naturehike Cloud Up 2-Person Lightweight Backpacking Tent This review reflects my personal experience and thoughts on using the Naturehike Cloud Up 2-person lightweight backpacking tent and is entirely independent and unbiased. For my hikes in Armenia, I was searching for a lightweight tent and chose this model, even though my preferred yellow color was unavailable, so I went with white. I especially appreciated that it includes a footprint, which adds an extra protective layer. The unique "hunchback" design is eye-catching, and the tent is easy to set up thanks to well designed structure and maybe also effective the non-slip hooks. The red tent pegs are another thoughtful touch, as they’re easy to spot against green vegetation. With 11 pegs included, I always make sure they’re all accounted for after setup. Camping in my Naturehike tent at the historic Kayan Fortress site Previously, I used budget tents from eBay, but the Naturehike tent is on a different level in terms of quality and lightness. During light rain, it kept me dry and comfortable inside. Built for three-season use, the tent material feels both high-quality and lightweight, with good ventilation overall. One downside for me is the tent’s width. At 125 cm, it feels narrow for two people, especially given my size (190 cm tall and 90 kg). For one person, it’s spacious, but for two, it’s a bit tight. Still, for extreme conditions, even a snug tent is a welcome shelter. Overall, I’m very satisfied with this tent, though I’ll update my impressions as I continue to use it. Here is a description of the tent provided by Naturehike: The Naturehike Cloud Up 2-Person Lightweight Backpacking Tent is the ideal choice for lightweight backpacking adventures. This ultralight, free-standing tent is made from durable 20D nylon with a silicone coating, ensuring superior waterproof and windproof performance. With its easy setup design, the tent can be assembled in under two minutes, making it perfect for camping, hiking, and bikepacking. The spacious interior and vestibule offer ample room for two people, ensuring a comfortable and dry night's sleep in any weather. The inner layer of the tent Key Features: Easy Setup: Freestanding design with aluminum alloy poles, assembles in under two minutes. Waterproof & Windproof : PU 4000 mm waterproof 20D nylon with silicone coating, taped seams, and durable 7001 aluminum alloy poles. Spacious Interior: Tent size 82.7 x 49.2 x 41.3 in | 210 × 125 × 105 cm with a front door and vestibule for extra storage. Ultralight: Weighs only 3.97 lb | 1.8 kg and packs down to 17.7 x 4.7 x 4.7 in | 45 × 13 × 13 cm, fitting easily into your backpack. Double Layer Design: Provides excellent ventilation and can be used separately as a sun shelter. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Discover the history and symbolism behind communist flags, including the iconic flag of the USSR and the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Learn about the red banner’s representation of unity, revolution, and the ideals of socialism and communism. This article delves into the origins of the hammer and sickle, the meaning of the five-pointed star, and the unique features of the Soviet-Armenian flag, highlighting their intricate designs and ideological significance. < Back Soviet Flag and Soviet-Armenian Flag Discover the history and symbolism behind communist flags, including the iconic flag of the USSR and the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. Learn about the red banner’s representation of unity, revolution, and the ideals of socialism and communism. This article delves into the origins of the hammer and sickle, the meaning of the five-pointed star, and the unique features of the Soviet-Armenian flag, highlighting their intricate designs and ideological significance. Flag of the USSR The flag of the USSR , a state symbol of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (alongside the state coat of arms and state anthem), represented "the state sovereignty of the USSR and the unbreakable union of workers and peasants in the struggle to build a communist society." Flag of the USSR The red color of the flag symbolized the heroic struggle of the Soviet people, led by the CPSU, to build socialism and communism. The sickle and hammer represented the unshakable union of the working class and the kolkhoz peasantry. The red five-pointed star on the flag symbolized the eventual triumph of communist ideas on the five inhabited continents of the globe. Yevgeny Khaldei raises the Soviet flag over the Reichstag. This photo became a symbol of the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany The design featured a red rectangular canvas with a golden sickle and hammer in the upper corner near the flagpole. Above these symbols was a red five-pointed star with a golden border. The ratio of the flag's width to its length was 1:2. The USSR adopted its first flag in December 1922. Subsequent adjustments were made in 1923, 1924, 1936, and 1955 to refine details like the hammer’s handle length and the sickle’s shape. In 1980, an amendment to the 1955 decree removed the hammer and sickle from the reverse side of the flag, although the legal description remained unchanged. The 1955 Soviet flag design served as the basis for all flags of the Union Republics. The flags of the Soviet republics that constituted the USSR, as well as the Victory Banner, were all modified or adapted versions of the Soviet flag. For example, here is the flag of the Soviet Armenian Republic. Soviet Armenian Flag Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic between,1920—1922 The second flag of the Armenian SSR was introduced in the constitution adopted on February 2, 1922, by the First Congress of Soviets of the Armenian SSR. The 1922 flag was red with the Cyrillic characters ССРА (SSRA, for Социалистическая Советская Республика Армения, Sotsialisticheskaya Sovetskaya Respublika Armeniya) in the upper left corner. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, February–March 1922 This flag existed for only a month because, on March 12, 1922, the Armenian SSR united with the Georgian SSR and the Azerbaijan SSR to form the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSR). This federation was dissolved in 1936, re-establishing the three republics as separate entities. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, between 1936 and 1940 Between 1936 and 1940, the flag of the Armenian SSR was red, featuring a gold hammer and sickle in the upper left corner. Beneath the hammer and sickle were the Armenian characters ՀԽՍՀ (HKSH, for Հայկական Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն, Haykakan Khorhrdayin Sotsialistakan Hanrapetutiun), written in gold. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, between 1940 and 1952 Between 1940 and 1952, following reforms in the Armenian language, the characters beneath the hammer and sickle were updated to ՀՍՍՌ (HSSR, for Հայկական Սովետական Սոցիալիստական Ռեսպուբլիկա, Haykakan Sovetakan Sotsialistakan Respublika), while retaining the same gold color. Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, between 1952—1990 The flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR) was adopted on December 17, 1952, by decree of the Supreme Council of the ASSR. According to Article 167 of the 1978 Constitution of Armenia: The state flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic is a red rectangle with a blue stripe running along its entire length in the central part. In the upper left part of the flag, a golden sickle and hammer are depicted, and above them is a red five-pointed star with a golden border. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 1:2. On April 29, 1981, a regulation provided a more detailed description of the flag. It specified the placement and proportions of the hammer, sickle, and star: The hammer and sickle were placed within a square, the side of which equaled one-fifth of the flag's width. The sharp end of the sickle pointed upward, with the handles facing downward. The hammer's length measured three-quarters of the square's diagonal. A five-pointed star with a diameter of one-tenth of the flag's width was drawn within a circle at the square's upper edge. The symbols were positioned near the flagpole, with precise distances calculated to maintain symmetry and visual balance. The red and blue design highlighted the republic's place within the Soviet Union while emphasizing its distinct national identity. Both flags encapsulated the ideology and aspirations of the USSR, symbolizing unity, revolution, and the vision of a communist society. Their intricate designs reflected the importance placed on symbolism in Soviet statecraft. FAQ Soviet Flag vs. Communist Flag The Soviet flag is one of the most prominent examples of a communist flag, but the two terms are not entirely interchangeable. Communist flag generally refers to any flag associated with communism, including the hammer and sickle emblem used by various communist movements and parties worldwide. The Soviet flag specifically refers to the state flag of the USSR, which prominently featured the hammer and sickle along with a red five-pointed star. 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In this article, I have selected the best hiking places to visit in Armenia, organized region by region (10 regions). This article is a perfect guide for those seeking quick insights into the top hiking trails. Whether you're looking for easy paths or challenging mountain ascents, Armenia offers something for every outdoor adventurer. From the towering peaks of Mount Aragats to the verdant forests of the Lori Region, Armenia's trails reveal a wealth of hidden treasures—ancient monasteries, imposing fortresses, dramatic gorges, and serene high-altitude lakes. Experience the best of Armenia’s diverse landscapes by joining my guided hiking tours and embark on an unforgettable outdoor adventure through the country's most captivating hiking destinations. < Back Hiking in Armenia - The Best Trails Across 10 Regions In this article, I have selected the best hiking places to visit in Armenia, organized region by region (10 regions). This article is a perfect guide for those seeking quick insights into the top hiking trails. Whether you're looking for easy paths or challenging mountain ascents, Armenia offers something for every outdoor adventurer. From the towering peaks of Mount Aragats to the verdant forests of the Lori Region, Armenia's trails reveal a wealth of hidden treasures—ancient monasteries, imposing fortresses, dramatic gorges, and serene high-altitude lakes. Experience the best of Armenia’s diverse landscapes by joining my guided hiking tours and embark on an unforgettable outdoor adventure through the country's most captivating hiking destinations. I’m Suren, a professional hiking guide in Armenia with over 11 years of experience leading and organizing tours. I guide in English and Russian, and I have an intermediate level of German. I offer private and group hiking, sightseeing, off-roading, and urbex tours throughout Armenia. With more than a decade of experience in the tourism industry, I’ve developed extensive expertise in planning safe and memorable adventures. In this article, I’ll share insights on the most popular hiking destinations across Armenia’s 10 regions, helping travelers discover the country’s breathtaking landscapes and hidden gems. Your outdoor adventure in Armenia starts here. Looking for a guide? Feel free to reach out for a personalized itinerary! The best hikes in Aragatsotn Region, Armenia Mount Aragats Lake Kari and mount Aragats Mount Aragats, the highest peak in Armenia, has four summits (Southern, Northern, Western, and Eastern) and rises to 4,090 meters, offering a variety of trekking routes. The most popular route is the climb to the southern summit from Lake Kari, known for its accessibility and relatively easy ascent. Lake Kari is the highest-altitude lake in Armenia accessible by sedan via an old but well-preserved asphalt road. The 4 summits of mount Aragats are named according to their relative geographic position: Northern —4,090 m (13,420 ft) Highest summit in Armenia Western —3,995 m (13,107 ft) Eastern —3,908 m (12,822 ft) Southern —3,888 m (12,756 ft) The distance from Lake Kari to the summit is 5.5 km, with an elevation gain of 688 meters. For those with some hiking experience, I recommend the Western Summit, especially when the snow is manageable (from mid-May to July, melting snow can hinder movement on the slopes). Although more challenging than the southern summit, the panoramic views make the effort worthwhile. This route is 6.5 km one way, with an 800-meter elevation gain. It's a bit steep, but if you're in good physical shape, you can make it without needing technical skills. On the slopes of mount Aragats For pro hikers, the northern summit offers a more demanding climb with steep paths and slippery slopes during the descent, rewarding you with breathtaking panoramic views of the entire region. You can start you hike either from Gegharot Waterfall (3000m) or from Lake Kari (3200m). From Gegharot waterfall the distance is 6km with an elevation gain of 1090 meters. For the Eastern Summit, you can combine it with an ascent to the Northern Summit—if you still have the energy, of course. However, be cautious, as the main challenge of this summit is falling rocks. The leading climber should always be mindful of those ascending behind. Amberd fortress On the way to Lake Kari (accessible on Sedan), you can explore the ancient Amberd Fortress and make experiments when reaching the fascinating Aragats Gravity Hill . At 3,200 meters, Lake Kari offers a refreshing swim—though the water is cold. Are you ready to take the plunge? Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail On Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail Located just 45 km from Yerevan, the Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail is an ideal hiking destination year-round. In winter, snowshoes are advisable due to deep snow cover. The trail offers two routes: the Big Loop and Small Loop, both winding through picturesque pine forests and alpine meadows. The hike culminates at the historic St. Poghos-Petros Basilica, which is partially submerged for several months each year. On clear days, enjoy stunning views of Mount Aragats and the serene reservoir. This trail provides a scenic and enjoyable hike without being overly strenuous. Lake Kari-Tirinkatar-Amberd Fortress Trail Me in Tirinkatar sacred valley! This trail, while slightly challenging due to its 25 km length, promises a highly rewarding hiking experience. Starting from Lake Kari allows for a primarily downhill trek, taking you past Amberd Lake and through the sacred Tirinkatar Valley before concluding near the Amberd Fortress. In Tirinkatar Valley, you'll encounter the ancient Vishaps or dragon stones, which in 2024 were added in the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List. Vishaps (Armenian word for “Dragon”) are basalt stelaes, standing 2-5 meters tall, are among Armenia’s oldest monuments, distinguished by their unique animal carvings and archaeological significance. This trail seamlessly combines history and nature, offering a deep connection to Armenia’s ancient heritage. Lake Rapi We are almost in Geghadzor village where we will park the car and start the hike to lake Rapi Located at an altitude of 3,000 meters, Lake Rapi is a popular hiking destination in Armenia. It offers stunning views of Mount Aragats, particularly its Northern Summit, which is especially beautiful in June and July when it is still covered in snow. The trail to Lake Rapi begins in the village of Geghadzor (2,217 meters) and is a radial route, covering a total distance of 24 kilometers with an elevation gain of 783 meters. The lake is also a favored spot for off-roading enthusiasts. The best hikes in Ararat Region, Armenia Yeranos mountain The view from the top of mount Yeranos Mount Yeranos is a popular hiking destination in Armenia, attracting outdoor enthusiasts like paragliders, off-road drivers, and hunters. Standing at 1,823 meters, it offers one of Armenia's most stunning landscapes. Located near the northern edge of the Ararat Region, the trail starts close to Norashen village and covers 9 km (one way) with an elevation gain of 756 meters. Hikers are rewarded with breathtaking views of Mount Ararat and the Azat Reservoir, as well as a unique landscape typical of this region, offering rare natural beauty. Azat Reservoir Trail Azat reservoir in winter Azat Reservoir, built in 1976, is located in the Ararat Region of Armenia and is a significant body of water formed by the Azat River. The reservoir has a storage capacity of approximately 70 million cubic meters, playing a vital role in the irrigation of the Ararat Valley, especially during the dry season. The Azat Reservoir trail spans 8 kilometers, offering hikers picturesque views of the surrounding landscape including mount Ararat and mount Yeranos. However, it is advisable to avoid the trail during the peak summer months due to extreme heat conditions, which can make the hike challenging and uncomfortable. Armavir Region While Armavir Region is home to renowned tourist attractions such as the Etchmiadzin Cathedral and the Sardarapat Memorial Complex, it is not widely known for hiking opportunities. For now, I will refrain from recommending any trails. Etchmiadzin Cathedral The best hikes in Gegharkunik Region, Armenia Mount Artanish On the way to mount Artanish Climbing Mount Artanish is one of the best hikes in Armenia, offering stunning views of Lake Sevan. Located 70 km from Yerevan in the Gegharkunik region, the hike starts from the Artist's Union Rest House in Shorzha. The trail is 5 km long (one way) with an elevation gain of 560 meters, making it a moderate challenge for hikers. Standing at 2,460 meters, Mount Artanish is the only peak from which Lake Sevan is entirely visible. After the climb, enjoy a refreshing swim in Sevan’s pristine waters—an unforgettable experience on your tours in Armenia! Mount Armaghan Mount Armaghan, located in the Gegharkunik region of Armenia, lies southwest of Lake Sevan, north of the Argichi River valley, at the intersection of the Geghama and Vardenis mountain ranges. The mountain rises to an elevation of 2,829 meters (9,281 feet). At its summit is a small crater lake, approximately 50 meters in diameter and 1.5 meters deep. Positioned within the Geghama mountain range, the peak is situated in the territory of the Verin Getashen community, about 20 kilometers from Martuni. The hike is considered moderately difficult spanning 8.5 km. The summit offers stunning panoramic views of the Gegham Mountains and Lake Sevan, making it a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts. Mount Azhdahak A tourist standing at the summit of mount Azhdahak Experience one of the best hikes in Armenia by climbing Mount Azhdahak, the highest summit of the Geghama Mountain Range. Standing at 3,597 meters, this extinct volcano boasts a crater lake, wild landscapes, and traces of ancient petroglyphs. The 5.5 km trail (one way) starts at the foot of Mount Paytasar with an elevation gain of 600 meters, offering moderate difficulty. As you ascend, discover unique flora and fauna and enjoy breathtaking views of Lake Sevan and nearby lakes, making this a must on tours in Armenia! Sevaberd – Lake Akna trail Me hiking around lake Akna Akna Lake, also known as Aknalich, is located at the border of the Kotayk and Gegharkunik provinces of Armenia, near the summit of the Geghama Mountains on the slope of Mount Aknasar. Situated 10 km west of Tsaghkashen village, the lake sits at an altitude of 3,030 meters above sea level and covers an area of 0.5 square kilometers. The lake is primarily fed by snowmelt and natural springs. To reach Akna Lake, hikers typically start from the village of Sevaberd. The trail is a long and challenging 22 km radial route, but the breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and the pristine lake make the effort worthwhile. The best hiking trails in Kotayk Region Mount Hatis Trail Mount Hatis in winter Mount Hatis is a favored hiking destination among locals, offering a moderately challenging trail with stunning panoramic views of the Kotayk region and Yerevan. Known for its distinctive conical shape and rich historical significance, the mountain attracts hikers year-round. The radial trail stretches 5.6 kilometers one way, leading to a summit elevation of 2,528 meters. Located just 2.5 kilometers from the village of Kaputan, Mount Hatis is also the source of the Karasunak springs, which originate from its southern foothills. Mount Ara Almost at the top of Mount Ara! Mount Aragats and Ara's "nose" create a dramatic backdrop Mount Ara, located on the border of the Kotayk and Aragatsotn regions of Armenia, southeast of Mount Aragats, rises to a height of 2,577 meters. This majestic peak offers not only breathtaking views but also a unique opportunity to explore Armenia's rich biodiversity and geological history. The mountain features a variety of hiking trails, including point-to-point, circular, and out-and-back routes, with an elevation gain of 870 meters over an 11 km hike. Relative to its height, the elevation gain presents a little big challenging hike. For comparison, the southern summit of Mount Aragats requires an 11 km hike with a 688-meter elevation gain. From Tegheniq to Tghit Cyclopean Fortress Aerial view of Tghit cyclopean fortress If you’re looking to step off the map and explore hidden gems of Armenia, the trail to Tghit Cyclopean Fortress is an excellent choice. This ancient fortress, dating back to the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, is situated 2.5 km west of Teghenik village in the Kotayk region, nestled on one of the forested peaks of the Tsaghkunyats mountain range. The hike spans 5 kilometers one way, with an ascent duration of approximately 2.5 to 3 hours. Hikers will gain an altitude of 640 meters, making the journey moderately challenging but rewarding. The trail offers not only a glimpse into Armenia’s rich ancient history but also breathtaking views of the surrounding landscapes, ensuring a memorable experience for adventure enthusiasts. The best hiking trails in Lori Region Odzun – Horomayr – Kobayr Trail Horomayr monastery (the lower complex or Dzoramiji Monastery) The Odzun-Horomayr-Kobayr trail offers an unforgettable experience, showcasing the breathtaking beauty of the Lori Gorge. This 9 km linear trail takes you through a scenic route where you will encounter ancient Armenian churches nestled high among the cliffs. Throughout your hike, you'll be accompanied by the breathtaking views of the Lori Gorge Horomayr Monastery is a stunning medieval complex located 1.5 km southeast of Odzun village in Armenia's Lori region. Built in the 12th and 13th centuries, it comprises two distinct groups of monuments. The lower Horomayr complex is situated on the Debed River's left bank, under a hanging rock, while the upper Horomayr complex, also known as Dzoraezri Monastery, is perched on the valley's edge. The upper complex is also known as Dzoraezri Monastery, and the lower group of monuments was historically referred to as Surb Nshan or Dzoramiji Monastery. Kobayr Monastery Kobayr Monastery, situated near the town of Tumanyan, dates back to the 12th century. This complex includes several medieval churches and is known for its beautiful frescoes and the serene natural surroundings. The monastery was an important cultural and educational center in medieval Armenia. Kayan Fortress Trail Kayan Berd (meaning fortress in Armenia) is a historic fortress located in the Lori province of Northern Armenia. Positioned strategically between the Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries, Kayan Berd is built at the edge of a ridge between two canyons overlooking the Debed River. Kayan Berd extends approximately 120 meters in length and features 15 semi-circular defense towers. Kayan Fortress The fortress is divided into two parts, the upper and lower sections, which are connected by a staircase-like inner gate. Within the territory of the fortress lies the Dsevank Monastery, which the historian Arakel Davrizhetsi refers to as “Tes yev ants” (“See and pass by”). The hike to the fortress is about 1.5 km one way and takes around an hour to reach. The hike can be also combined with Haghpat to Sanahin trail. From Haghpat to Sanahin Haghpat Monastery Haghpat and Sanahin Monasteries, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites, are located in Armenia's Lori Province. Dating back to the 10th-13th centuries, these medieval complexes are renowned for their unique Armenian architecture, intricate stone carvings, and cultural significance, reflecting the flourishing religious and academic life of medieval Armenia. Located in adjacent villages, you can hike from one site to the other. The 11 km trail, taking approximately 4 hours, offers picturesque landscapes of Armenia’s Lori region. During my hikes, we typically start from Haghpat. The best hikes in Shirak Region Mantash Waterfall Trail Mantash waterfall The Mantash Waterfall Trail, a hidden gem in the Shirak region of Armenia, offers a captivating hike through wild and untouched landscapes, culminating at a serene waterfall where hikers can unwind and enjoy the tranquil surroundings. Located 16 km southwest of Mets Mantash village on a right tributary of the Mantash River, this natural monument is officially recognized on the list of state natural monuments by the Ministry of Nature Protection of Armenia. The 14 km trail begins at Lake Kari, providing an immersive experience in Armenia’s pristine wilderness. Trchkan waterfall The trail to Trchkan Waterfall is relatively easy and suitable for hikers of all levels, making it an accessible destination. Trchkan is also popular for off-road adventures. The surrounding area is ideal for picnics and enjoying the natural scenery. The Sarapat-Trchkan trail is approximately 7 km one way and offers a scenic hike to the waterfall, even during winter, when visitors can witness the stunning frozen waterfall. Located on the border of Armenia’s Shirak and Lori provinces along the Chichkhan River, a left tributary of the Pambak River, Trchkan is the highest and most voluminous waterfall in Armenia, standing at 23.5 meters with an average water flow of about 1.5 tons per second. The best hiking trails in Syunik Region Tatev Monastery – Tatev Desert Trail The Big Desert of Tatev One of the most popular trails in Syunik, the route from Tatev Monastery to the Tatev Desert offers a breathtaking descent into the deep gorge. Starting at Tatev Monastery, you can finish the hike at Satan’s Bridge. This easy trail stretches for 6 km and can also be done as a radial route, starting and ending at Satan’s Bridge. Khot - Shinuhayr Trail Me in Hin (Old) Khot The trail starts in the village of Khot and leads to two abandoned villages—Hin Khot and Hin Shinuhayr—before continuing to the village of Shinuhayr. This 7.5 km trail will leave a lasting impression as you explore villages often referred to as the Armenian Machu Picchu. Lichq-Tsaghkar lake Trail This trail features stunning mountain scenery, with a 16 km radial hiking route offering some of the best views in Armenia. The lake is located in the Katar region of the Zangezur Mountains, 8 km southwest of Kajaran, at an altitude of 3,270 meters above sea level, covering an area of 3 hectares. Khustup Mountain Trail Khustup is a prominent mountain peak located in the eastern part of the Syunik Province in Armenia, approximately 10 km southwest of Kapan, within the Khustup-Katari Mountain Range. Standing at 3,201 meters, Khustup Mountain is a popular destination for experienced hikers seeking a challenging climb. The 14 km radial route offers breathtaking views of the Syunik region, particularly stunning in spring and up to midst summer when the slopes are adorned with vibrant wildflowers. The best hiking trails in Tavush Region Lastiver and Okon Monastery Trail The famous "Lastiver Cave" decorated with impressive bas-reliefs! The Lastiver Trail guides hikers through one of Armenia's most captivating forests, renowned for its lush greenery, cascading waterfalls, and ancient caves adorned with historical carvings. The trail to Lastiver spans 7 km, but for those wishing to visit the Okon Monastery, an additional 10 km must be added to the hike. The 17 km route culminates at Okon Monastery, a significant cultural landmark that offers a glimpse into Armenia’s rich monastic heritage. Okon monastery in autumn Situated in the Khachaghbyur Gorge near Yenokavan village in the Tavush region, the church dates back to 1863, and in front of it stands a winged khachkar (cross-stone) from the 12th-13th centuries. This scenic trail is accessible year-round, making it a perfect blend of nature and history. Matosavank - Jukhtak Loop Aerial photo of Matosavank monastery Matosavank - Jukhtak Loop, situated in Dilijan National Park, Tavush, is an easy 4.5 km trail. The path takes you to the 13th-century Jukhtak Monastery and then proceeds to Matosavank, another 13th-century monastery. The trail winds through dense forests, offering fresh air and a quick nature walk for those seeking a relaxing stroll. It will take you like 2 hours to complete. Mount Apakeqar Mount Apakeqar as seen from Dimats Trail Apakeqar is a mountain peak located in the Tavush Province of Armenia, in the southwestern section of the Ijevan mountain range, northeast of Haghartsin village and 1.5 km east of Hovk village, standing at an elevation of 1,651 meters. The 12 km linear hike begins in Hovk village and concludes in Haghartsin village, offering spectacular views, especially from the Haghartsin side. Despite its rugged appearance, the rocky summit is relatively accessible, making it an inviting challenge for hikers. Mount Dimats Embark on a guided hiking tour to Mount Dimats, a prominent peak in Armenia’s Tavush Region. This challenging 8.5 km (one way) linear trail, starting and ending at Teghut village, ascends 1,260 meters, offering spectacular views of Shaghot Waterfall and dramatic cliffs. The hike, which takes around 7.5 hours , is renowned for its scenic beauty and rewarding vistas. From Lake Parz to Goshavank Lake Parz in Dilijan National Park The Parz Lake to Gosh Village hike offers a moderately easy and scenic trail within Armenia's Dilijan National Park. This 6.3 km point-to-point route, taking about 2.5 hours, ascends 230 meters and descends 340 meters. Hikers will enjoy vibrant wildflowers and diverse bird species. The trail starts at Parz Lake and ends near the historic Goshavank Monastery, providing a refreshing escape with stunning natural beauty throughout the year. Those eager to hike more can continue their hike and reach Gosh lake. The best hiking trails in Vayots Dzor Region The Spitakavor Monastery trail is a 9 km route located in the Vayots Dzor Province of Armenia. Starting from Vernashen village (you can park your car near Gladzor University Museum and start your hike from there), the trail leads to the 14th-century Spitakavor Monastery. Exploring Spitakavor monastery Spitakavor Monastery is also the final resting place of Armenian national hero, military leader, and political figure Garegin Nzhdeh. In 1983, Nzhdeh’s remains were secretly transferred from a cemetery in Vladimir, Russia, to Armenia with the help of his brother and a photograph of his grave. The monastery complex was restored in the 1960s-70s and again in 2006. Smbataberd – Tsaghats Kar – Zorats Monastery trail The Smbataberd – Tsaghats Kar – Zorats Monastery hike is a 10.5 km route, perfect for those keen to explore Armenia's rich cultural heritage. This moderate 5-hour trek leads through diverse terrain, featuring the 5th-century Smbataberd fortress, attributed to Syunyat prince Smbat. The route includes the enigmatic Tsaghats Kar Monastic Complex, with its two distinct groups of structures separated by 200 meters, including the 10th-century Surb Karapet and 989-built Surb Hovhannes churches. The hike concludes in the historic village of Yeghegis near Zorats Monastery, built in 1303 by the Orbelian princes. With a 600-meter altitude gain, this trail offers an enriching blend of nature and history. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

The historic Alaverdi train station stands out not only for its unique architectural design but also for the remarkable frescoes painted in the 1960s by Rudolf Khachatryan. These artworks have become a cultural attraction, drawing visitors from around the world. Today, the station is also a fascinating site for urban exploration and a prime spot for urbex photography. < Back A visit to Alaverdi train station The historic Alaverdi train station stands out not only for its unique architectural design but also for the remarkable frescoes painted in the 1960s by Rudolf Khachatryan. These artworks have become a cultural attraction, drawing visitors from around the world. Today, the station is also a fascinating site for urban exploration and a prime spot for urbex photography. Alaverdi Railway Station, located in the city of Alaverdi in Lori Province, stands on the left bank of the Debed River. The station was first opened in 1899, while its current building was constructed in the 1940s–1950s. The station complex includes a three-story main building, two low platforms, and five railway tracks. Since 2011, passenger trains no longer stop at the station, but the worker on duty can be asked to open the door. The pink tuff building is an example of Soviet-Armenian Neoclassicism with a typical arched entrance and windows on the main facade. Architect: Baghdasaryan Lenmur The most striking feature of the building is undoubtedly the frescoes that adorn the station’s waiting hall. Painted in the early 1960s, they represent the only known monumental work of Rudolf Khachatryan (1937–2007), who later gained wide recognition in the 1970s and 1980s for his large-scale hyperrealistic portraits of Soviet cultural figures. Painted in vivid colors and with remarkable skill, the frescoes instantly capture attention. These two frescoes depict scenes from the poem "Anoush" and the short story "Gikor", one of the most notable works of renowned Armenian writer Hovhannes Tumanyan, which have long since become an integral part of Armenian public culture. Other murals depict the miners' revolt during the Bolshevik Revolution and a portrait of a proudly posing foundry worker with Alaverdi copper factory buildings and mountains in the background. These frescoes are a daring attempt to crystallize the allure of the region. They are brought into life in the juicy colors and bold contours that are typical to post-war Armenian painting. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Dervla Murphy, the intrepid Irish touring cyclist and acclaimed travel writer, left an indelible mark on the world with her daring adventures. Born on November 28, 1931, in Lismore, County Waterford, she spent over 50 years chronicling her remarkable journeys across continents. Let’s delve into the captivating life and travels of this extraordinary woman. < Back Dervla Murphy - A Fearless Explorer on Two Wheels Dervla Murphy, the intrepid Irish touring cyclist and acclaimed travel writer, left an indelible mark on the world with her daring adventures. Born on November 28, 1931, in Lismore, County Waterford, she spent over 50 years chronicling her remarkable journeys across continents. Let’s delve into the captivating life and travels of this extraordinary woman. Born and raised in Lismore, County Waterford, Murphy's childhood dream of traveling was sparked by a second-hand bicycle and an atlas received on her tenth birthday. Her determination to cycle to India one day was crystallized on a steep hill near Lismore. Despite leaving secondary school at 14 to care for her disabled mother, Murphy undertook various short trips in her youth and published travel articles in journals like Hibernia and the Irish Independent. The death of her first lover, Godfrey, in 1958, followed by the illnesses and deaths of her father and mother in 1961 and 1962, respectively, marked a turning point. Freed from domestic responsibilities, Murphy embarked on the extended journey she had long envisioned. Dervla Murphy with her bike in India in 1963 In 1963, armed with determination and her trusty bicycle, Dervla embarked on an audacious expedition. Her mission? To pedal from her home in Ireland all the way to India. Taking a pistol along with other equipment aboard her Armstrong Cadet men's bicycle (named Rozinante in allusion to Don Quixote's steed, and always known as Roz), she passed through Europe during one of the worst winters in years. In Yugoslavia, Murphy began to write a journal instead of mailing letters. In Iran she used her gun to frighten off a group of thieves, and "used unprintable tactics" to escape from an attempted rapist at a police station. She received her worst injury of the journey on a bus in Afghanistan, when a rifle butt hit her and fractured three ribs; however, this only delayed her for a short while. She wrote appreciatively about the landscape and people of Afghanistan, calling herself "Afghanatical" and claiming that the Afghan "is a man after my own heart." Full Tilt: Ireland to India with a Bicycle by Dervla Murphy In Pakistan, she visited Swat (where she was a guest of the last wali, Miangul Aurangzeb) and the mountain area of Gilgit. The final leg of her trip took her through the Punjab region and over the border to India towards Delhi. Dervla’s book, “Full Tilt: Ireland to India with a Bicycle,” published in 1965, immortalized this epic journey. Through her vivid prose, readers rode alongside her, feeling the wind in their hair and the thrill of the open road. She captured the essence of adventure—the raw beauty of landscapes, the kindness of strangers, and the resilience required to conquer the unknown. Post-Delhi, Murphy engaged in volunteer work with Tibetan refugees, contributing to the Save the Children organization. Her experiences in Dharamsala and the Kullu Valley were captured in "Tibetan Foothold." Further travels led her to Africa in 1966, where she walked with a pack mule in Ethiopia, detailed in "In Ethiopia with a Mule." Murphy's daughter, Rachel, became her travel companion at the age of five, accompanying her on journeys to India, Peru, Madagascar, and Cameroon. Their adventures challenged traditional gender roles, with Dervla often mistaken for Rachel's husband. She surmised that this misgendering occurred not only because of her physique but also because the idea of women traveling so far without a man was inconceivable. Not confined to conventional travel narratives, Murphy delved into political issues. Her book "A Place Apart" (1978) focused on Northern Ireland, winning the 1979 Christopher Ewart-Biggs Memorial Prize. Subsequent works addressed global concerns, including apartheid, the Rwandan genocide, and post-war reconstruction in the Balkans. In her later years, Murphy continued to push boundaries. At 71, she planned to cycle in eastern Russia but, following injuries, documented her journey around Siberia by train, boat, and bus in "Through Siberia by Accident." A unique figure in travel writing, Murphy's outspoken views extended beyond her adventures. She was anti-globalization, critical of international institutions, and a vocal advocate against nuclear power and climate change. Through Siberia by Accident by Dervla Murphy Dervla Murphy passed away on 22 May 2022, leaving behind a legacy that earned her recognition as the Inspiring Cyclist of the Year in 2019 and the Royal Geographical Society's Ness Award for the popularization of geography through travel literature. Her contribution to writing, particularly travel writing, was celebrated by the President of Ireland, Michael D. Higgins, who acknowledged her unique commitment to the value of human experience in all its diversity. Dervla’s journeys were not for the faint-hearted. She danced with danger, surviving encounters with wolves in Bulgaria, threats from soldiers in Ethiopia, and even a robbery in Siberia. Yet, she considered tripping over cats at home and shattering her left arm as her worst incident—a testament to her resilience and perspective. Dervla Murphy’s legacy extends beyond her books. She inspired countless travelers to embrace the road less traveled, to seek connections with people, and to cherish the unpredictable. Her spirit lives on in those who dare to pedal, hike, and explore—those who understand that the journey itself is the greatest reward. So, let us raise our imaginary glasses to Dervla Murphy—the woman who pedaled her way into our hearts, leaving tire tracks of courage. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

The hammer and sickle, a symbol that defined the Soviet Union and became synonymous with communism, carries a powerful historical and ideological meaning. This iconic image, consisting of a crossed hammer and sickle, represents the unity of industrial workers and agricultural laborers, embodying the vision of a classless society built on collective labor. Its appearance on flags, public buildings, and monuments reinforced the Soviet state’s identity and spread its influence globally. < Back Hammer and Sickle: The Most Iconic Soviet Symbol The hammer and sickle, a symbol that defined the Soviet Union and became synonymous with communism, carries a powerful historical and ideological meaning. This iconic image, consisting of a crossed hammer and sickle, represents the unity of industrial workers and agricultural laborers, embodying the vision of a classless society built on collective labor. Its appearance on flags, public buildings, and monuments reinforced the Soviet state’s identity and spread its influence globally. Origins of the Hammer and Sickle The hammer and sickle emblem was established by a government decision in late March to early April 1918 and approved by the V Congress of Soviets on July 10, 1918. It was first depicted on the state seal of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on July 26, 1918. The artist E. I. Kamzolkin was the first to propose the hammer and sickle symbol for the decoration of the Zamoskvoretsky District of Moscow for the May Day celebrations in 1918. Before that, the "plow and hammer" emblem was used. The hammer and sickle symbol In this context, the hammer represented the working class, the industrial proletariat that toiled in factories, while the sickle symbolized the peasantry—those who labored in the fields. By crossing these two tools, the image represented the unity between workers and peasants, a fundamental principle of Marxist ideology. It was more than just a logo; it was a visual manifestation of the Soviet Union's communist ideals and its promise to liberate workers worldwide from capitalist oppression. A rare hammer and sickle monument still preserved in Armenia Together with the red star, the hammer and sickle appeared on the flag of the USSR in 1923, and in 1924, the symbol was written into the constitution. The hammer and sickle were also placed on the flags and coats of arms of the Soviet republics. The iconic red background, symbolizing revolution and the blood of workers, combined with the golden hammer and sickle, conveyed the message of a worker’s state. Above the hammer and sickle, the five-pointed star represented the global spread of communism. The Hammer and Sickle in Soviet Armenia The Armenian SSR emblem, designed by Martiros Saryan and Hakob Kojoyan, was adopted in 1937. The State Emblem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic consisted of the image of Greater and Lesser Ararat, with a hammer and sickle on a five-pointed star surrounded by rays at the top. At the foot of the mountains was a vineyard bush with vines and leaves, and ears of wheat to the right and left. Emblem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic on the top of the stage of Arshaluys culture house Around the emblem, on the margins, was the inscription in Armenian, "Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic." Below, on a red background, was the inscription in Armenian and Russian, "Workers of the world, unite!" Emblem of the Armenian SSR There is a diplomatic apocrypha according to which Turkey allegedly expressed protest, asking why Armenia put a mountain on its coat of arms that does not belong to it. To this, the then People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs, Chicherin, responded: "And why is there a crescent moon on the flag of Turkey? The moon does not belong to it either." In the Soviet Union, the hammer and sickle were more than just a political symbol; they were integrated into everyday life. The emblem became a common decorative feature on buildings, monuments, and state facilities, particularly during the era of Stalinist architecture. Hammer and sickle on the façade of the building of Vanadzor Municipality Today, while walking around Armenia, a meticulous eye can still notice traces of that emblem. Notable examples include the façades of the Government House, the Public Radio of Armenia, and the Vanadzor Municipality, all featuring hammer and sickle bas-reliefs. Moreover, during my urban exploration missions, I also saw a monument shaped like a hammer and sickle. An original Soviet-era flag with the emblem of the Armenian SSR that we saw in an abandoned shoe factory The hammer and sickle remain one of the most recognizable symbols of the 20th century, representing a significant era in global politics. Its widespread use on flags, facades, and monuments across the Soviet Union and beyond reflected the ideological battle between capitalism and communism. While the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the hammer and sickle still hold powerful historical and cultural connotations, often evoking both nostalgia and controversy in former communist countries and among left-wing political groups worldwide. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Late on a rainy day, I set out to explore one of the most iconic structures in Armenia’s second-largest city, Gyumri. Pushing through tall grass and slippery terrain, I made my way up to the fortress—only to find the entrance locked. Luckily, a narrow window offered a way in. Inside, I stepped into maze-like, eerie corridors where history, decay, and silence create one of the most atmospheric urbex experiences in Armenia. I was inside the Horseshoe-Shaped fortress. < Back Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Late on a rainy day, I set out to explore one of the most iconic structures in Armenia’s second-largest city, Gyumri. Pushing through tall grass and slippery terrain, I made my way up to the fortress—only to find the entrance locked. Luckily, a narrow window offered a way in. Inside, I stepped into maze-like, eerie corridors where history, decay, and silence create one of the most atmospheric urbex experiences in Armenia. I was inside the Horseshoe-Shaped fortress. In the 19th century, Gyumri rapidly grew in importance, becoming a key political, military, and economic center of the Russian Empire. On June 2, 1834, Nicholas I of Russia issued a decree to design a new military fortress here. Construction lasted nearly a decade. Interestingly, it was the fortress—not the town—that was first renamed Alexandropol in 1836. Only a year later, in 1837, Gyumri received city status and was also renamed Alexandropol. On October 3, 1837, the emperor arrived in Gyumri via Akhaltsikhe. It was then that he ordered the construction of an Orthodox church within the fortress, later named Saint Alexandra. The Alexandropol Fortress is a nearly rectangular structure, oriented from north to east. Shaped by the surrounding terrain, it is fortified by defensive walls on only one side. The complex was vast and largely self-sufficient, with barracks designed for up to 15,000 soldiers, arsenals, supply depots, a three-story hospital, and numerous service buildings. The fortress contained 36 powder storage rooms, around 200 cannons, and significant reserves of wheat and barley. Today, the Russian 102nd military base is located on the territory of the Alexandropol Fortress. Built by local craftsmen, the fortress stands out among similar structures in the region. Its defensive network included key fortifications such as Sev Berd (Black Fortress), Karmir Berd (Red Fortress) and Paytadzev Amrots (Horseshoe-Shaped Fortress). While the first 2 are circular in design, the so-called Horseshoe-Shaped Fortress differs with its distinctive curved, semi-circular layout—giving it its name. Karmir Berd remains in use, and Sev Berd has been restored and opened to visitors. In contrast, the Horseshoe-Shaped Fortress is still abandoned—its entrances locked, access limited, and entry requiring some physical effort. All three fortresses were once connected by underground passages. Part of the tunnel is still visible today inside the Horseshoe Fortress, though the entrance is blocked with barbed wire. Arched corridors and a maze-like layout create a haunting atmosphere, giving the fortress its unmistakable eerie character. I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Gleb Leontievich Travin (1902-1979) was a Soviet traveler who, between 1928 and 1931, undertook an extraordinary journey cycling around the perimeter of the Soviet Union, including the Arctic coast. Covering over 85,000 kilometers, this epic adventure was accomplished in an era when bicycles were far less comfortable and reliable than they are today. < Back Gleb Travin - The Badass Cyclist Who Crossed 85,000 km In 3 Years Gleb Leontievich Travin (1902-1979) was a Soviet traveler who, between 1928 and 1931, undertook an extraordinary journey cycling around the perimeter of the Soviet Union, including the Arctic coast. Covering over 85,000 kilometers, this epic adventure was accomplished in an era when bicycles were far less comfortable and reliable than they are today. Born on April 28, 1902, in the village of Kasievo, Pskov uyezd, Gleb Travin acquired vital survival skills from his father, a forester. Travin's interest in extended bicycle journeys started in 1923 when he met Dutch cyclist Adolf de Groot in Pskov. De Groot had recently finished a bicycle race across Europe. Motivated by this encounter, Travin conceived a more ambitious undertaking — circumnavigating the globe by bicycle. Gleb Travin's route map In 1925 Travin joined the army. He served in the Leningrad region not far from his native places. A competent and physically developed guy quickly became an excellent student in military training and a platoon commander. And during demobilization, his adventurous spirit came into play - those who served in the army had the right to free travel to their place of residence, which Travin took advantage of. In Pskov, he was registered on Petropavlovskaya Street, and by simple manipulation of the not very competent army bureaucracy, the street turned into a city - the capital of distant Kamchatka. It was Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and the alluring Far East that seemed to young Gleb Travin as an excellent place to start a cycling trip. In Petropavlovsk at that time there were less than three hundred houses, and Travin quickly found his place among the builders of the first power plant in Kamchatka - literate people with skilled hands were then in short supply. In his free time, he trained on the Leitner army folding bicycle, manufactured in Riga at the Alexander Leitner factory. The power plant was operational by the spring of 1928, and with the bonus for his hard work, Travin bought a new Japanese bicycle - in Kamchatka during the NEP, imported goods from Japan and America were almost freely traded. Gleb Travin and his bicycle During this time, Travin began planning his bike trip. He selected ideology as the driving force behind his journey, aiming to promote physical culture and secure permission to travel globally. Recognizing that the Soviet authorities would likely deny him the opportunity to venture outside the country and circumnavigate the world, he devised and obtained approval for a route along the borders of the USSR. For his bicycle trip, Travin received from the Kamchatka City Executive Committee an American road bicycle Princeton model 404 red in color with white arrows on the frame (this bicycle was specially brought to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky for Travin). For the trip, he (at his own expense) purchased a Japanese Kodak camera (the camera he ordered was delivered the same ferry). In addition to a bicycle and a camera, his luggage included a registration book, clothes (including winter clothes), medicines and tools. As food for the journey, he took seven pounds of pressed biscuits and a kilogram of chocolate. He also took a small amount of money. Travin did not forget such a characteristic detail as a supply of business cards. "Tourist Around the World" cards were handed out at stops and overnight stays. The fully loaded bicycle weighed 80 kg, the same weight as the athlete. An article about Gleb Travin in Soviet geographic magazine "Around the World" Travin’s planned daily routine during the trip: 10 hours in the saddle, minimum daily riding time is 8 hours; Eating twice a day - at six o'clock in the morning and at six o'clock in the evening; Sleep in the open air. On the cyclist’s sleeve there was a green Dynamo armband with the inscription that amazed everyone he met: “Bicycle traveler Gleb Travin.” Having started the journey, Travin made a vow not to cut his hair until he completed it. He put a patent leather strap on his head. During the trip, Travin kept a diary, which in the 1930s was destroyed by his relatives along with the original photographs for fear that they would be repressed following Travin's biographer Vivian Itin. On October 10, 1928, Gleb Travin left Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky with a bicycle and went to Vladivostok by ship. The bike ride started from the capital of Primorye on October 23. From there he rode the bicycle along the Trans-Siberian Railway through Khabarovsk to Lake Baikal. Travin crossed Lake Baikal on the ice on the advice of the lighthouse keeper. Later, he also crossed rivers and lakes on ice. Gleb Travin Along the Trans-Siberian Railway, Travin reached Novosibirsk, from which he turned south, to the Cossack Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, then to the Central Asian republics of the USSR - the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, including the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, then to the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. In May 1929, the traveler reached Dushanbe, where the editorial office of the local newspaper, at his request, translated the inscription “Bicycle Traveler Gleb Travin” into Tajik for his armband. Since the word “bicycle” was absent in Tajik, as a result the inscription in Tajik had the meaning “traveler on a shaitan-arb”, that is, literally, “traveler on a damn cart”. Travin traveled from Central Asia to the Caucasus via the Caspian Sea by ferry. From the Caucasus in the summer of 1929, Travin traveled through the European part of the country and in November 1929 reached Murmansk, from where his winter Arctic part of the journey began along the coast of the Arctic Ocean, during which he traveled most of the way on ice. Gleb Travin during his travels In one of the polar northern villages, Travin got hold of a fur jumpsuit, which allowed him to sleep comfortably in the snow, buried in a snowdrift. The hunters taught the traveler how to catch seals, walruses, polar bears, arctic foxes and deer. He taught himself to fish using a bicycle spoke in cracks in the ice. As a result, the main components of Travin’s diet in the North were raw meat and raw fish - fresh and frozen (stroganina). In the area of Dolgiy Island, a serious problem occurred with Travin. Waking up after another night in the snow, he discovered that his boots and overalls were frozen in the ice, into which the snow that protected him from frost had turned overnight - at night, near him, the ice cracked and sea water came out of the crack. With the help of a knife, the traveler was able to get out, but at the same time severely damaged his clothes and shoes. Then he had to travel with his legs exposed to the frost and in torn overalls. The traveler came across a deer trail and, already frostbitten, reached the dwelling (plague) of Nenets reindeer herders, his journey in torn clothes and shoes took about a day, Travin overcame the last part of the journey to the camp crawling due to his legs giving out. Gleb Travin's registration book After undressing and warming up, Travin discovered signs of fatal damage to his toes. To prevent gangrene, he decided to partially amputate them, cutting off the dead skin as if removing a sock. This led the women who witnessed the act to believe he was a cannibal spirit named Keli. Following this incident, Travin earned the nickname "the devil on the iron deer" from the northern inhabitants, as the bend of the steering wheel reminded them of deer antlers. This nickname later inspired a book title. In the 1960s, Alexander Kharitonovsky published a book about Travin titled "The Man with the Iron Deer: The Tale of a Forgotten Feat," which underwent several reprints. After this, with his legs still not healed, Travin got on the icebreaker “Lenin” of the Kara Marine Expedition, where he communicated with its leader, Professor N.I. Evgenov, a hydrographer. The professor doubted the possibility of reaching Chukotka alone on a bicycle and was surprised by the traveler’s assurances about the convenience of riding on ice. On the day of Travin’s departure from the Kara expedition, pilot Chukhnovsky took his photograph, which has survived to this day. Before the Taimyr peninsula, Travin fell through the ice, got out and spent a long time drying his soaking wet clothes - first he tried to dry them in the cold in the wind (while burying himself in a snowdrift), then he got dressed and dried them on himself, actively moving. During this run, he found a pile of deer carcasses dumped by local hunters, climbed into it and slept well, having the opportunity to rest in the warmth. Gleb Travin's bicycle on display in Pskov State Museum-Reserve On the Pyasina River, Travin again fell through the ice and almost died. After this, on the way to Chukotka, Travin came across a mammoth cemetery and took with him one tusk, which he managed to pull out of the frozen soil. In the small town of Russkoe Ustye on Indigirka, Travin worked as a geography teacher. At the end of the journey, Travin reached Chukotka. One of the Chukchi craftsmen made plates from mammoth ivory and on one of them carved a seal, a walrus, a whale and the inscription “Bicycle traveler Gleb Travin”. In July 1931, Travin reached Cape Dezhnev, where he again tried to obtain permission to leave the USSR for the purpose of traveling around the world along the route: the western coast of North and South America, Tierra del Fuego, the African coast, the Sahara, the Arabian Peninsula, India, China, Tibet, Mongolia , USSR. Having received a refusal and an offer to board a ship to Kamchatka, he sailed to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, where he finally completed his journey. Gleb Travin doesn't look like a man from the 1930s! Could he have been a time traveler? After the trip to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Travin was presented with a GTO badge and a pennant with a memorable inscription: “Kamchatka Regional Council of Physical Education to an active striker of the physical education movement of Kamchatka”. Many publications, starting with newspaper notes published during Travin’s travels, indicate unrealistically large distances traveled by him, which do not correspond to the route entries in the traveler’s registration book. Thus, in the book “The Man with the Iron Deer,” Kharitanovsky indicated the length of the route as 85 thousand kilometers, which contradicts the entries in the route book (exceeds the route indicated in it). Moreover, in a note published on October 13, 1929, the newspaper “Pskov Alarm” reported that 80 thousand kilometers had already been covered then, despite the fact that this was only a third of the route planned by Travin. In that publication, the distance traveled was clearly overestimated. According to realistic estimates, the length of the longest (northern) part of the route, that is, the route along the Arctic Circle, is estimated at 10-13 thousand kilometers. Gleb Travin's knife According to the entries in Travin’s record book, stored in the Pskov State Museum-Reserve, he covered five sections of the route by ship: from October 10 to October 23, 1928, the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky - Vladivostok section, 2600 km long; from July 26 to July 28, 1929: Krasnovodsk - Baku - 280 km; from August 22 to August 26, 1929: Rostov-on-Don - Yalta - 580 km; from August 20 to September 11, 1930: Vaygach Island - Dikson Island - 850 km; from September 30 to October 17, 1931: Gulf of Lawrence - Ust-Kamchatsk - 1900 km. Section of the route covered with dogs: In Russian Ustye, where Travin appeared in January 1931 and stayed for more than two months, residents presented the traveler with sleds with dogs and persuaded him to continue his journey on a dog sled. According to eyewitnesses, Travin was seen riding a bicycle on a sled pulled by dogs, traveling from Russky Ustye through Krestovsky Island and Chetyrekhstolbovoy Island, where Yakuts also saw him. They reported that the traveler continued towards Chukotka, specifically Shelagsky Cape. However, after Chetyrekh Stolbovoy, there is no evidence that he utilized dog sleds. After completing his extensive journey, Travin settled in Kamchatka, where he trained cyclists, motorcyclists, and motorists. During the Great Patriotic War, he served as a teacher of military affairs at the Kamchatka Marine and Fishery Technical School. Only in 1962 Travin returned to Pskov. Gleb Travin's compass A quarter of a century after Travin’s polar “bike trip”, journalist Alexander Kharitanovsky ended up in Chukotka. Quite by chance, from local residents, he heard a story about a strange cyclist that struck him. Bicycle in Chukotka?! The journalist didn’t believe it, but decided to figure out the origin of such an amazing “anecdote.” The notes and brochures of the 1930s were long forgotten; no one remembered the name of Gleb Travin. However, Kharitanovsky conducted a real journalistic investigation, looked up archives, found eyewitnesses - to his amazement, he discovered an extraordinary and completely forgotten feat. It was the end of the 50s, the era had changed dramatically. The forgotten hero turned out to be completely in the style of the new time - in those years, the heyday of camping and tourist romance began in the USSR. In Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, journalist Kharitanovsky found a modest teacher at the nautical school - Gleb Travin himself. And the former “tourist on a bicycle around the world” took out for the guest a “passport-recorder” carefully hidden since the late 30s, documentary evidence of a unique trip. Thus was born the story “The Man with the Iron Deer” - a romanticized, slightly embellished, but sincere story about the life and exploits of a unique cyclist. The story has gone through many editions in the country and abroad. Even in France a brochure based on it appeared. Unfortunately, his dream never came true, as the Soviet authorities didn't grant him permission to embark on a bicycle journey around the globe. In 1969, Travin and Kamchatka journalist N. Ilyushev flew by plane along part of Travin’s travel route from Arkhangelsk to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky with stops in Anderma, Tiksi, Chersky and Pevek. The registry book was stamped on its pages with the seals of all the authorities and postal stations he passed by Among lovers of tourism and cycling, the name of Gleb Travin literally thundered. He immediately turned into a living legend, a true idol with an unsurpassed achievement. Dozens of cycling clubs “named after Travin” appeared throughout the USSR. And in East Germany, after the German translation of the book “The Man with the Iron Deer,” several cycling clubs named after him arose. The last years of life Travin spent time in Pskov, where he organized a home museum and introduced everyone to the materials of his travels. The words from his registration notebook remain relevant: “I survive because I don’t fight against nature, but try to live according to its laws.” Today a separate exhibition about him is featured in the local history museum of his native Pskov, showcasing his bicycle, registry book, and other items. Gleb Travin died on October 19, 1979 in Pskov. 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This article explores Soviet-era bus stops in Armenia—structures that have miraculously survived into modern times, though many are damaged, neglected, and largely forgotten by locals. Today, cars rush past at high speed, and passengers barely notice these roadside sculptures. Only a handful of travelers who truly appreciate Soviet architecture stop to photograph them, leaving curious onlookers to wonder—“Why are they taking pictures? Spies, perhaps?”. These bus stops are silent witnesses of the era, built for the most monotonous task imaginable: waiting for a bus. Yet their designs are anything but boring, reflecting the bold creativity of the Soviet Union. < Back Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia This article explores Soviet-era bus stops in Armenia—structures that have miraculously survived into modern times, though many are damaged, neglected, and largely forgotten by locals. Today, cars rush past at high speed, and passengers barely notice these roadside sculptures. Only a handful of travelers who truly appreciate Soviet architecture stop to photograph them, leaving curious onlookers to wonder—“Why are they taking pictures? Spies, perhaps?”. These bus stops are silent witnesses of the era, built for the most monotonous task imaginable: waiting for a bus. Yet their designs are anything but boring, reflecting the bold creativity of the Soviet Union. Earlier, I wrote about the iconic Chayka monument and the story of how, during his 1961 visit, Nikita Khrushchev was shown this monument and became angry, referring to Resolution No. 1871, which harshly criticized prevailing architectural practices and accused designers of wastefulness and an obsession with decorative forms at the expense of function and economy. In this article, dedicated to Soviet bus stops in Armenia, I want to refer back to that episode and ask how, after this incident, architects and designers across the entire Soviet Union continued creating bus stops that can hardly be called humble or practical, but instead were extravagant, eye-catching, and striking. The "Chayka" monument today On 4 November 1955, the Soviet government issued Resolution No. 1871, officially titled “On the Elimination of Excesses in Design and Construction” (Об устранении излишеств в проектировании и строительстве). The decree was officially issued and signed by Nikita S. Khrushchev, Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, and Nikolai A. Bulganin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. A sketch of a bus stop by Armenian architect Rafael Israelyan. Renowned for incorporating the eagle symbol into many of his architectural works, Israelyan found a place for it even here — proudly positioned at the very top of the structure. Just imagine this concept brought to life — a small roadside stop turned into a striking piece of symbolic architecture. This landmark document marked a sharp break with Stalin-era monumental architecture, calling for a focus on functionality over form. The most famous result of this decree was the Khrushchyovka—the ubiquitous four- and five-story gray apartment blocks seen across Eastern Europe today. Millions of families received their own private apartments with indoor plumbing and kitchens for the first time. Since bus stops were considered Minor Architectural Forms (малые архитектурные формы), they fell into a regulatory loophole. According to Soviet architectural handbooks (such as Svidersky’s Small Architectural Forms , 1953), MAFs were divided into two categories: Utilitarian: benches, trash cans, street lamps, and bus pavilions (автобусные павильоны) Decorative: sculptures, fountains, and flower vases Because bus stops were classified as “pavilions” rather than “buildings,” they were governed by less stringent aesthetic regulations. While a five-story apartment block had to be approved by central housing authorities to ensure that no money was “wasted” on decoration, a bus stop was often handled by the Ministry of Transport or regional road departments. Methodological Recommendations for the Design of Bus Stops. Moscow, 1975 Moreover, most Soviet-era bus stops we see today were built during Leonid Brezhnev’s reign (1964–1982). It was during this period that government-issued design handbooks were released—the first in 1975, followed by another in 1988. Clause 3.18 from Methodological Recommendations for the Design of Bus Stops (Moscow, 1975) states the following: When designing bus stops, special attention should be given to contemporary architectural solutions that reflect the climatic, local, and national characteristics of the area. Bus stops should serve as the compositional focal point of the road’s architectural ensemble. The planning layout of the bus stop, pavilion structures, exterior finishes of stop elements, minor architectural forms, landscaping, and lighting should be compositionally integrated with the surrounding environment. The walls of enclosed and semi-enclosed pavilions should preferably be made of transparent materials on the side facing the approaching bus and the roadway, to ensure good visibility. Bright coloring of pavilion details, the construction of boarding platforms, sidewalks, and pedestrian paths using slabs and materials of varying size, shape, and color, as well as minor architectural forms reflecting national and local character—all of these should be employed in the artistic design of bus stop areas. This is a truly unique bus stop. It not only functions as a bus stop but also conceals an underground passage beneath it Ursula Schulz-Dornburg and the enduring photographs she created The first foreigner to pay serious attention to Soviet-era bus stops in Armenia after the collapse of the Soviet Union was that Düsseldorf-based Ursula Schulz-Dornburg. Her photography project, widely known as “Transit Sites, Armenia” or “Bus Stops in Armenia,” produced between 1997 and 2004, possesses an enigmatic power that far exceeds its time and place of origin. The Museum Ludwig in Cologne has since acquired this series. A Soviet-era bus stop in Armenia, photo by Ursula Schulz-Dornburg Here is an excerpt from her interview. “I was on a trip that was actually supposed to take me to all the ancient monasteries and convents in Armenia, from north to south and east to west. Then, to my complete astonishment, I saw one of these bus stops in the middle of nowhere. With the woman waiting there, it looked exactly like a Visconti movie. This became my most reproduced motif. The strange, oversized canopy echoes the traditional shape of Armenian church roofs. In the Soviet era, it was not possible to build new churches, so perhaps this form was an ironic response to Soviet restrictions.” Christopher Herwig: The Hunter of Soviet Bus Stops While Ursula Schulz-Dornburg was the first to view these structures through a “metaphysical” and almost spiritual lens in the late 1990s, Christopher Herwig is the one who transformed Soviet bus stops into a global phenomenon. His journeys across the Soviet Union, including Armenia, were extensive, resulting in two books that document the bus stop explorations he dedicated around 15 years to. A bus stop in Vanadzor, year 2016, photo by Cristopher Herwig Today, these books serve as records of a bygone era, living witnesses of the past, especially considering that some of the bus stops have already been destroyed. Christopher Herwig (2002–2017) Soviet Bus Stops (2015) Soviet Bus Stops: Volume II (2017) My Quest The documentary Soviet Bus Stops (2022), dedicated to Christopher Herwig’s quest to document Soviet bus stops, ends with the following quote by Osip Mandelstam:“ My turn shall also come; I sense the spreading of a wing .” Only three or four bus stops in Armenia still feature mosaics. This is one of them. As a local urbexer familiar with Armenia, I’ve taken on the task of documenting all the Soviet bus stops in my country. What may seem like an easy job is actually quite challenging. Hundreds of kilometers must be traveled to reach them, and people waiting for a bus aren’t always eager to appear in photos. The sun may be in the wrong position, or a poorly parked car can ruin the shot. Then comes the painstaking selection process—dozens of photos must be taken just to find one that satisfies me. In my case, I’m rarely satisfied, often returning multiple times to capture the perfect image. I’m always asking myself whether a person should appear in the image—a question I still don’t have a clear answer to. Then I try it both ways. Sometimes, to emphasize the size of a monument or a bus stop, it’s helpful to include a person standing nearby. The bus stops that survive in Armenia today were built from concrete or metal, sometimes incorporating wooden elements such as cladding or benches. While much of the USSR relied on poured concrete, Armenia in some cases used its local volcanic stone—tuff. My quest continues, and this year I plan to finally document all the bus stops in Armenia. As Osip Mandelstam said: “ My turn shall also come; I sense the spreading of a wing .” I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next