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Explore Gyumri city's history by visiting the Black Fortress, a stunning example of 19th-century military architecture built from black tuff stone. This imposing structure played a vital role in Russian military strategy during conflicts with Turkey. Located on a hilltop, not far from Mother Armenia monument, the fortress offers visitors a chance to travel back in time, discover the city’s military past, and enjoy panoramic views. Include the Black Fortress in your travel plans when you explore Armenia’s rich heritage on tours in Armenia. < Back Black Fortress in Gyumri Explore Gyumri city's history by visiting the Black Fortress, a stunning example of 19th-century military architecture built from black tuff stone. This imposing structure played a vital role in Russian military strategy during conflicts with Turkey. Located on a hilltop, not far from Mother Armenia monument, the fortress offers visitors a chance to travel back in time, discover the city’s military past, and enjoy panoramic views. Include the Black Fortress in your travel plans when you explore Armenia’s rich heritage on tours in Armenia. In 1813, following the Treaty of Gulistan, which ended the Russo-Persian War (1804-1813), Gyumri, a strategic location on the border with Turkey, became part of the Russian Empire. With the looming threat of a new conflict with Turkey, Russian authorities prioritized fortifying Alexandropol (Gyumri’s name from 1837 to 1924). Ivan Dibich, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian army in the Caucasus, emphasized the need for a stronghold, declaring, "In the event of a possible war with the Turks, it is necessary to build a fortress and strengthen it as the most important military outpost." Mother Armenia and Black Fortress in Gyumri Construction of the Black Fortress began in 1834 atop a hill, taking more than a decade to complete. The fortress, made from black tuff stone, was designed as a circular fortification, earning its distinctive name. After Russia's defeat in the Crimean War, the fortress was upgraded to a first-class status. Although it was never besieged, it played a crucial role in the Russian-Turkish conflicts that persisted until 1878. Following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, when the Russians captured Kars, the Black Fortress's defensive role diminished, transitioning into an artillery depot. The fortress features several isolated defense structures strategically placed to halt initial enemy advances. Notably, the fort boasts a sophisticated drainage system to protect its walls from rain, and its defense setup includes small concrete fortifications designed as machine gun emplacements. The citadel, positioned at the center, is elevated and surrounded by narrow, high openings ideal for rifle fire. Black fortress in Gyumri In 2005, the fortress was acquired by businessman Hayk Hayrapetyan from the Armenian Ministry of Defense. After Hayrapetyan’s death in 2012, the Black Fortress was sold to the Balasanyan family. Today, under the ownership of Misak Balasanyan, the fortress has been transformed into a significant landmark of Gyumri, offering visitors a glimpse into the city's rich military history and architectural heritage. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Explore the captivating tale of biblical Mount Ararat, an extinct volcano towering over the Armenian Highland. While today under Turkish control, it remains an epic symbol for Armenia. Delve into the intriguing quest for Noah's Ark, from ancient claims to contemporary explorations. Uncover the Durupinar site's mystery, its petrified ship-like formation, and the Chinese explorers' claim in 2010. Could this discovery turn into a tourist hotspot, or is it just another silent chapter in Mount Ararat's enigmatic history? < Back Mount Ararat and Noah’s Ark Explore the captivating tale of biblical Mount Ararat, an extinct volcano towering over the Armenian Highland. While today under Turkish control, it remains an epic symbol for Armenia. Delve into the intriguing quest for Noah's Ark, from ancient claims to contemporary explorations. Uncover the Durupinar site's mystery, its petrified ship-like formation, and the Chinese explorers' claim in 2010. Could this discovery turn into a tourist hotspot, or is it just another silent chapter in Mount Ararat's enigmatic history? Mount Ararat is an extinct volcano on the right bank of the Araks River, 32 km from the border of Armenia and 16 km from the border of Iran. It is the highest mountain of the Armenian Highland. It has two peaks: large (Masis: 5165 m) and small (Sis: 3925 m). The mountain came under Turkish control during the 1920 Turkish–Armenian War, becoming formally part of Turkey through the 1921 Treaty of Moscow and Treaty of Kars. Despite being within Turkey's territory today, Mount Ararat is widely acknowledged as the country's principal national symbol. Mount Ararat holds a significant place in Armenian culture, depicted at the center of the Armenian national emblem and revered as the "holy mountain" for the Armenian people. Marco Polo documented his extensive travels in a book titled The Travels of Marco Polo, providing detailed accounts of his experiences, observations, and insights into the culture, geography, politics, and economy of various lands, including Armenia. Here is how he describes Mount Ararat: "In the central part of Armenia stands an exceedingly large and high mountain, upon which, it is said, the ark of Noah rested, and for this reason it is termed the mountain of the ark. The circuit of its base cannot be compassed in less than two days. The ascent is impracticable on account of the snow towards the summit, which never melts, but goes on increasing by each successive fall. In the lower region, however, near the plain, the melting of the snow fertilizes the ground, and occasions such an abundant vegetation, that all the cattle which collect there in summer from the neighbouring country, meet with a never−failing supply". Climbing Ararat The 13th-century missionary William of Rubruck noted, "Many have tried to climb it, but none has been able." While historically, the Armenian Church discouraged ascents to the mountain, in the 21st century, climbing Ararat has become "the most highly valued goal of some patriotic pilgrimages organized in growing numbers from Armenia and the Armenian diaspora." Me raising the flag of Armenia at the top of mount Ararat. Year 2019 The first recorded ascent of the mountain in modern times occurred on October 9, 1829 by Baltic German naturalist Friedrich Parrot and prominent Armenian writer Khachatur Abovian. Abovian, then a deacon and translator at Etchmiadzin, was assigned by Catholicos Yeprem, the head of the Armenian Church, as an interpreter and guide. The detailed journey was narrated by Parrot in his book "Journey to Ararat." A mosaic featuring Parrot and Abovian decorates Abovyan's house museum. It is currently utilized as a cover photo for modern publications of Parrot's book "Journey to Ararat." Mount Ararat's sublime appearance has always captivated artists, inspiring them to create various pieces of art. According to one source, the first Armenian artist to depict the mountain was Ivan Aivazovsky, who painted Ararat during his visit to Armenia in 1868. View of Mount Ararat from Yerevan by Martiros Sarian Other major Armenian artists who portrayed Ararat include Yeghishe Tadevosyan, Gevorg Bashinjaghian, Martiros Saryan, and Panos Terlemezian. In Saryan’s art, scenes with Mount Ararat are very frequently depicted. Searches for Noah's Ark The water receded steadily from the earth. At the end of the hundred and fifty days, the water had gone down, and on the seventeenth day of the seventh month, the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat. - Genesis 8:4 An AI generated image of an explorer discovering Noah's Ark Efforts to find Noah's Ark have been ongoing since at least the time of Eusebius (c. 275–339 CE). In the 1st century, Jewish historian Flavius Josephus claimed the remaining pieces of Noah's Ark had been found in Armenia, at the mountain of the Cordyaeans, which is nowadays Mount Ararat in Turkey. However, today, the practice is widely regarded as pseudoarchaeology. Various locations for the ark have been suggested, but none have been confirmed. Search sites have included the Durupınar site, a location on Mount Tendürek in eastern Turkey. The Durupinar site as seen by Google Earth The Durupınar site (39°26′26.26″N 44°14′04.26″E) features a natural formation resembling a ship or ark. Some believers promoted it as the petrified ruins of the original Noah's Ark. According to local reports, heavy rains combined with three earthquakes exposed the formation on May 19, 1948. The site was rediscovered and promoted by self-styled archaeologist and amateur explorer Ron Wyatt in 1977. Throughout the 1980s, Wyatt tried to interest others in the site, including ark hunter and former astronaut James Irwin and creationist John D. Morris. Fasold and the team stated that ground penetration radar revealed a regular internal formation and measured the length of the formation as 538 ft (164 m), close to the 300 cubits or 515 ft (157 m) of Noah's Ark in the Bible, using the royal Ancient Egyptian cubit of 20.62 in (52.4 cm). Geological investigations into potential remains of the ark have exclusively uncovered natural sedimentary formations. In actuality, the boat-shaped formation is regarded as a naturally occurring stone formation that merely bears a resemblance to a boat. Chinese Explorers Claim Noah's Ark Find In 2010, Chinese explorers claimed to have found Noah's Ark at 4000 meters up Mount Ararat in Turkey. There is even a video showcasing their exploration of the ark. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPpKnwh3AvE If this discovery were authentic, it has the potential to attract considerable attention, transforming it into a sought-after tourist destination. Turkey could generate millions, if not billions, from this, yet all we encounter is silence. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Aragats Gravity Hill is a fascinating phenomenon encountered on the route to Lake Kari or Amberd fotress. This unique anomaly, referred to as the Aragats anomaly, is a popular point of interest in Armenia, drawing both locals and tourists alike. < Back Aragats Gravity Hill Aragats Gravity Hill is a fascinating phenomenon encountered on the route to Lake Kari or Amberd fotress. This unique anomaly, referred to as the Aragats anomaly, is a popular point of interest in Armenia, drawing both locals and tourists alike. Hundreds of gravity hills are known worldwide (Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Chile, France, India, Greece etc.) and the one in Armenia is among the popular ones. Many of these sites have no specific name and are just called "Magnetic Hill", “Magnetic Road”, "Magic Road", “Gravity Hill”. https://video.wixstatic.com/video/103e0a_0efe69ae87674c6286c0e0a1461d38b9/1080p/mp4/file.mp4 In this video, you can see how a bottle rolls up the gravity hill! However, the reality is that it's all an optical illusion created by the surrounding landscape, making it appear as though the road is sloping upwards when, in fact, it's sloping downwards. https://video.wixstatic.com/video/103e0a_50feb2951c074187bd13974e165c420b/1080p/mp4/file.mp4 A car left in neutral gear also appears to go up the hill The science behind Gravity Hill is intriguing. It's essentially an optical illusion created by the surrounding landscape's layout. This illusion causes a slight downhill slope to appear as an uphill slope. Consequently, when a car is left out of gear, it appears to roll uphill against the force of gravity. This effect is akin to what one might experience in an Ames room, where objects seem to defy gravity due to the room's distorted perspective. You can find the coordinates of Aragats Gravity Hill on my Telegram channel. https://t.me/armenianexplorer_ru/30 Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Armenian culture is rich with history, traditions, and a profound love for language and expression. Armenian proverbs, quotes, and sayings offer deep insights into the values, wisdom, and worldview of the Armenian people. < Back Famous Armenian Quotes and Sayings Armenian culture is rich with history, traditions, and a profound love for language and expression. Armenian proverbs, quotes, and sayings offer deep insights into the values, wisdom, and worldview of the Armenian people. Here, we explore some of the most famous Armenian quotes and sayings that have stood the test of time and continue to resonate with people around the world. 1. Ամեն մարդ իր սարը թող մագլցի Translation: "Every man must climb his own mountain." Meaning: This saying emphasizes personal responsibility and the journey of overcoming one’s own challenges. It suggests that each person has their own path to navigate and obstacles to overcome. 2. Ձեռքը ձեռք է լվանում, երկու ձեռքը՝ երես Translation: " A hand washes a hand, both hands wash a face." Meaning: This proverb highlights the importance and benefits of mutual cooperation and assistance. It suggests that when individuals help each other, they can achieve greater outcomes together than they could alone. 3. Երկաթը կպաղի, մարդը՝ չի մոռանա Translation: "Iron cools down, but man does not forget." Meaning: This proverb illustrates the enduring nature of human memory and emotions. Unlike objects that can change state or cool down, human experiences, especially painful ones, are not easily forgotten. 4. Խոսքը արծաթ է, լռելը՝ ոսկի Translation: "Speech is silver, silence is gold." Meaning: While speaking and communication are highly valued, knowing when to remain silent is even more crucial. This saying values the wisdom of speech, especially the importance of keeping silent. 5. Ամեն ծառ իր պտուղն է տալիս Translation: "Every tree gives its fruit." Meaning: This proverb suggests that every person or thing has one thing to offer. It is naive to expect more. 6. Մարդն իր ծովը կունենա - Translation: "A man should have his own sea." - Meaning: This saying expresses the idea that everyone will find their place or domain. It implies that everyone should eventually have their own space or environment where they belong. 7. Յոթ անգամ չափիր, մեկ անգամ կտրիր Translation: " Measure seven times, cut once." Meaning: The proverb emphasizes the importance of careful planning and thorough preparation before taking action. It suggests that one should double-check and be absolutely certain of their decisions and measurements before making a final move, such as cutting. In essence, it advocates for patience, precision, and diligence to ensure a successful outcome. 8. Մի ձեռքը ծափ չի տա Translation: "One hand cannot clap." Meaning: This saying emphasizes the importance of cooperation and teamwork, indicating that success often requires the efforts of more than one person. 9. Թխելիս քացախ մի լցրու Translation: "Don't pour vinegar while baking." Meaning: This proverb advises against spoiling something good by introducing negativity or inappropriate actions. 10. Ճանապարհին գտած գդալը կերակուր չի դառնա Translation: "A spoon found on the road won't turn into food." Meaning: This proverb implies that relying solely on luck won't get you anywhere. 11. Մի ծաղկով գարուն չի գա Translation: " Spring will not come with one flower." Meaning: The proverb means that a single positive sign or effort is not enough to bring about a significant change or result. Just as one flower alone cannot signify the arrival of spring, one small action or occurrence cannot bring about a major transformation. This saying underscores the need for collective efforts and contributions to achieve a meaningful or noticeable impact. 12. Գետը լցված է կաթով Translation: "The river is filled with milk." Meaning: This saying conveys a sense of abundance and prosperity, implying that there are plenty of good things available. 13. Ավելի լավ է մի անգամ տեսնել, քան հարյուր անգամ լսել Translation: "It is better to see once than to hear a hundred times." Meaning: This proverb values firsthand experience over hearsay, emphasizing the importance of direct observation. 14. Արագ ձիու ոտքը քարի է կպչում Translation: "The fast horse’s foot hits the stone." Meaning: This proverb implies that haste often leads to mistakes or accidents, advocating for a more cautious approach. 15. Մի գլուխը լավ է, երկուսն ավելի լավ Translation: "One head is good, two is better Meaning: This proverb emphasizes the value of collaboration and collective thinking. It suggests that while one person's ideas and decisions can be effective, involving another person can lead to even better outcomes. 16. Պտուղը ծառից հեռու չի ընկնում Translation: "The fruit doesn't fall far from the tree” Meaning: This means that children often resemble their parents in behavior, characteristics, or abilities. Just as fruit from a tree typically lands nearby, children tend to inherit and exhibit traits and habits similar to those of their parents. This saying is often used to highlight familial similarities and the influence of upbringing and genetics. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Earlier, I wrote about two important historical landmarks in Armenia’s village of Shvanidzor: an iconic abandoned house from the 19th century and a Soviet-era House of Culture with a surprisingly rich interior. Yet Shvanidzor, despite its small size, hides more heritage sites that still draw travelers from around the world. One of the most impressive is its 17th-century aqueduct. < Back Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Earlier, I wrote about two important historical landmarks in Armenia’s village of Shvanidzor: an iconic abandoned house from the 19th century and a Soviet-era House of Culture with a surprisingly rich interior. Yet Shvanidzor, despite its small size, hides more heritage sites that still draw travelers from around the world. One of the most impressive is its 17th-century aqueduct. Shvanidzor lies about 11 km northeast of Meghri and barely one kilometer from the Araks River, at an altitude of roughly 600–700 meters. The village once had close to a thousand residents. Today, fewer than 300 people live here, and the local school counts only about 20 students. Life moves slowly. Still, the surrounding landscape and the village’s architecture tell a very different story—of engineering skill and long-term survival in a harsh environment. Shvanidzor village The Shvanidzor aqueduct is one of the village’s most important sights. Built in the 17th century, it is a single-arch bridge-aqueduct constructed from basalt blocks bonded with lime mortar. This structure is a true engineering achievement, designed to irrigate orchards and fields by carrying water across rocky slopes. Among medieval Armenian hydraulic structures, it is regarded as one of the most valuable surviving examples. A 19th century abandoned house in Shvanidzor village What makes Shvanidzor especially unique is the way this aqueduct works together with an older underground water system known as kahrez or qanat․ These are gently sloping tunnels dug underground to collect and transport water from mountain sources. In the Shvanidzor area, there are five known kahrezes. Four of them date back to the 12th–14th centuries, long before the modern village took its current shape. The aqueduct acts as the visible link in this system. Water gathered from underground tunnels and mountain springs is brought to the surface and then carried across the landscape by the aqueduct, eventually reaching lower agricultural areas. This combination of underground and surface-level engineering is rare and shows a deep understanding of terrain, climate, and water management. The iconic aqueduct Remarkably, the aqueduct is still in use today. During spring and summer, when irrigation becomes critical, water continues to flow through the stone channel to nourish local gardens and orchards. This alone makes the structure more than just a historical monument—it remains part of daily life. However, the system is under growing pressure. Recent reports by Armenian researchers and journalists point to serious conservation issues. Climate change is affecting the Meghri region, where summer temperatures can reach up to 48°C. As a result, mountain springs feeding the aqueduct are producing less water each year. At the same time, the region experiences frequent minor earthquakes. While the basalt blocks themselves are extremely durable, the lime mortar between them is slowly deteriorating. Local historians and specialists are calling for reinforcement work to stabilize the joints and preserve the structure. Shvanidzor’s 17th-century aqueduct is not just a relic of the past. It is a working example of medieval Armenian engineering, still serving its original purpose centuries later. For travelers interested in history, architecture, and lesser-known corners of Armenia, this quiet village offers a powerful reminder that small places often hold the biggest stories. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Nestled on the eastern slopes of majestic Mount Aragats, Armenian Alphabet Alley offers a unique journey through the heart of Armenian language and culture. More than just a tourist destination, it's a monument to the enduring spirit of a people and their devotion to their written word. < Back Armenian Alphabet Alley Nestled on the eastern slopes of majestic Mount Aragats, Armenian Alphabet Alley offers a unique journey through the heart of Armenian language and culture. More than just a tourist destination, it's a monument to the enduring spirit of a people and their devotion to their written word. Armenian Alphabet Monument, often referred to as Armenian Alphabet Alley, is located in the Artashavan village of the Aragatsotn region, on the eastern slope of Mount Aragats (approximately 35 km away from Yerevan). The monument was built in 2005 to commemorate the 1600th anniversary of the creation of Armenian writing. The monument includes sculptures of the 39 letters of the Armenian alphabet and monuments of Armenian greats. Armenian Alphabet Alley in winter Armenian alphabet was created in 405-406 and is still in use. Developed by Mesrop Mashtots, the Mashtotsian alphabet originally consisted of 36 letters, 3 more letters were added in the Middle Ages. Sculptures: "Gregory the Illuminator" "The Creation of Alphabet, 405" "Movses Khorenatsi" "Mkhitar Gosh, Judgment book" (sculptor: Samvel Hakobyan) "Anania Shirakatsi" (sculptor: Artush Papoyan, 4 m, tuff), with Shirakatsi's raised left hand holding the symbol of the earth and the universe, while his right hand points down. According to the sculptor, the hands stretched up and down are an eloquent testimony to the connection with heaven and earth. "Khachatur Abovyan," with Abovyan's words carved at the bottom of the statue: "Give your breath, your soul, but don't give your homeland to the enemy." "Tumanyan and Gikor" (sculptor: Sevo, Sargis Gharibyan) Authors: Author of the idea: Aghvan Hovsepyan Architect: Fred Africyan The Armenian Alphabet Alley stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of the Armenian language and the rich cultural heritage of Armenia. It is a must-visit for anyone interested in language, history, and culture. The monument, set against the backdrop of Armenia’s Mount Aragats, offers a unique and enriching experience for visitors. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

This article explores Grigor Khanjyan’s monumental fresco-triptych, a decade-long masterpiece displayed in the Khandjian Gallery at Yerevan’s Cafesjian Art Center. Depicting key chapters of Armenian history—The Armenian Alphabet, Vardanank, and Resurrected Armenia—it is Khanjyan’s most celebrated work. Created under extreme conditions and completed after the artist’s death, the fresco stands as a powerful symbol of Armenia’s artistic, historical, and cultural identity. < Back Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade This article explores Grigor Khanjyan’s monumental fresco-triptych, a decade-long masterpiece displayed in the Khandjian Gallery at Yerevan’s Cafesjian Art Center. Depicting key chapters of Armenian history—The Armenian Alphabet, Vardanank, and Resurrected Armenia—it is Khanjyan’s most celebrated work. Created under extreme conditions and completed after the artist’s death, the fresco stands as a powerful symbol of Armenia’s artistic, historical, and cultural identity. A vast fresco-triptych illustrating the history of Armenia is exhibited in the Khandjian Gallery at the Cafesjian Art Center in Yerevan. Widely regarded as Grigor Khanjyan’s greatest achievement, the monument consists of three large-scale scenes commissioned during the Soviet period and left unfinished at the time of the artist’s death: The Armenian Alphabet (1992–1994), Vardanank (1995–1998), and Resurrected Armenia (1998–2000). The origins of the project date back to 1978, when Catholicos Vazgen I commissioned Khanjyan to create sketches based on the themes of Vardanank and the Armenian Alphabet for two monumental tapestries. While the Armenian Alphabet is self-explanatory, Vardanank refers to the heroic struggle of the Armenians, led by Vardan Mamikonian, against the Sassanid Persian Empire in 451 AD. Catholicos of All Armenians Vazgen I and Grigor Khanjyan In the summer of 1984, Khanjyan’s works The Armenian Alphabet and Vardanank were presented to the public for the first time. The tapestry sketches were exhibited at the House of the Artist in Yerevan and immediately attracted enormous attention. For weeks, thousands of visitors came daily to see the works, which touched upon some of the most significant chapters of Armenia’s past. The tapestries were later woven in France at the renowned Pinton Brothers workshop in Felletin, near Aubusson—an internationally famous center for high-quality tapestry production. In 1984, the finished tapestries were installed in the Pontifical Residence (Veharan) in Vagharshapat. As the residence was not open to the general public, access to the artworks remained limited, despite widespread public interest. Catholicos of All Armenians Vazgen I and Grigor Khanjyan at the House of Artists, 1981 To make the works accessible to everyone, Karen Demirchyan, then First Secretary of the Communist Party’s Central Committee, asked Khanjyan to recreate the compositions as monumental murals. Initially, the murals were planned for installation in the newly built Sports and Concert Complex (now the Karen Demirchyan Sports and Concert Complex), but no suitable wall was found. Instead, Khanjyan created the monumental Mother Armenia curtain-goblet for the complex, which was the second largest of its kind in the Soviet Union. At the suggestion of his close friend, architect Jim Torosyan, Khanjyan turned to the Cascade Complex, which was still under construction. A separate hall was allocated for the project. Specialists from Moscow prepared the wall and applied a special primer, creating the surface needed for the murals. Grigor Khanjyan at the construction of the Cascade with architect Jim Torosyan (left) Khanjyan started painting the frescoes in 1992 using the tempera technique. Each cardboard sketch was individually attached to the wall; one by one, Khanjyan removed them, traced the outlines, and applied the paint. The Armenian Alphabet was completed in 1994, followed by Vardanank in 1998. Khanjyan then added a third composition, Resurrected Armenia , on which he worked from 1998 until 2000. Grigory Khanjyan’s monumental fresco-triptych The artist worked entirely alone under harsh conditions. The hall was cold, often without electricity or proper equipment. Khanjyan suffered from serious health problems, including deteriorating eyesight. The death of his wife, Jemma, in 1997 was a devastating personal loss. Despite all this, he continued to work with remarkable determination, often without adequate compensation. Sadly, Resurrected Armenia remained unfinished. Grigor Khanjyan died on April 19, 2000. After his death, the work was continued by Professor Henrik Mamyan, a distinguished artist and professor at the Institute of Fine Arts, who followed Khanjyan’s original sketches. The work was completed in 2002. Grigor Khanjyan is working on the third part of the mural “Resurrected Armenia.” At the time, there were discussions about repurposing the first hall of the Cascade for official reception or ceremonial use, which alarmed Khanjyan’s family and the intellectual community. The situation was resolved when Gerard Cafesjian acquired the Cascade Complex, ensuring the preservation of the frescoes. The Cascade was subsequently renamed the Cafesjian Art Center, and the hall housing the murals became the Khanjyan Gallery. Today, the Cafesjian Art Center is one of Yerevan’s most visited cultural landmarks, and Khanjyan’s monumental fresco-triptych remains one of the city’s most profound artistic treasures. The Khanjyan Gallery is located within the Cafesjian Center for the Arts and is open from Friday to Sunday, 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM. The center is closed from Monday to Thursday. Entrance is free. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Discover the rich heritage and physical characteristics of the Armenian people in this insightful article. Uncover the historical evidence tracing their origins, the scientific classification under the Armenoid or Aryan race, and detailed descriptions by notable figures like Renato Biasuti. Explore the unique traits of Armenians, including their distinctive nose, often expressed in statues of cultural icons. Delve into the cultural significance of the nose, its impact on beauty standards, and the prevalence of nose surgery in Armenia. Learn about the dominant Christian faith, historical milestones, and the athletic prowess of Armenians in various sports, from wrestling to chess. Explore what makes the Armenian identity truly fascinating. < Back Armenian People Discover the rich heritage and physical characteristics of the Armenian people in this insightful article. Uncover the historical evidence tracing their origins, the scientific classification under the Armenoid or Aryan race, and detailed descriptions by notable figures like Renato Biasuti. Explore the unique traits of Armenians, including their distinctive nose, often expressed in statues of cultural icons. Delve into the cultural significance of the nose, its impact on beauty standards, and the prevalence of nose surgery in Armenia. Learn about the dominant Christian faith, historical milestones, and the athletic prowess of Armenians in various sports, from wrestling to chess. Explore what makes the Armenian identity truly fascinating. Armenians (Armenian: հայեր) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia. Regarding the origin of Armenians, there are five historical pieces of evidence written not only by Armenians but also by foreign authors. These include Armenian, Georgian, Greek, Arabic, and ancient Hebrew sources. While foreigners refer to us as Armenians, we use the name (Hay, հայ), traditionally derived from Hayk (Armenian: Հայկ), the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and a great-great-grandson of Noah. According to Movses Khorenatsi (Moses of Khorene), Hayk defeated the Babylonian king Bel in 2492 BC, establishing his nation in the Ararat region. The presence of Armenia on the Babylonian clay slab-map, dating to no earlier than the 9th century BC, further confirms Armenia as one of the oldest countries on earth. In the context of scientific racism, Armenians are classified as belonging to the Armenoid or Aryan race, a now-outdated model developed originally by Europeans in support of colonialism. The term was used by Austrian anthropologist Felix von Luschan and Eugen Petersen in the 1889 book Reisen in Lykien, Milyas und Kibyratis ("Travel in Lycia, Milyas and Kibyratis"). Carleton Coon (1904–81) described the regions of West Asia such as Anatolia, the Caucasus, Iraq, Iran, and the Levant as the center of distribution of the Armenoid race. The 9th World Chess Champion Tigran Petrosian and composer Aram Khachaturian Renato Biasuti, a notable Italian geographer who published many works on physical anthropology, described the Armenoid type as follows: "Opaque-white to brown skin, dark hair, and dark eyes, abundant hair, medium height (166), solid body, broad head, rounded nape, very long face, straight and narrow nose with a high bridge of the nose, thin lips, narrow opening of the eyes." Armenian writer Zabel Yesayan (1878 – 1943) Armenian people are typically characterized as being relatively tall (170 cm), with medium to dark brown or black hair, and fair to medium skin tone. They commonly possess large, round eyes that are usually dark brown, a round, brachycephalic head shape with a straight nape (planokiput), high cheekbones, and a not particularly large jaw. Lips are thin, and only a minority of Armenians have blond hair and blue, green, or hazel eyes. Prominent Soviet-Armenian composer and pianist Arno Babajanian A major distinctive feature of Armenian people is their nose. Anthropologists have calculated that the average length of the nose of Armenians is 58 mm, making it the second-largest in the world after the Kurds. In Armenia, it is even possible to buy a souvenir in the shape of a nose, such as a glasses stand or a magnet. At every step, you can see not only a "living" nose but also a stone one. The noses of prominent Armenian cultural figures, such as Arno Babajanyan, Mher Mkrtchyan, and Yeghishe Charents, are clearly expressed in their statues. However, the subject of Armenian pride is not always desirable. For many girls, a big nose is not a gift but a tragedy. It is no coincidence that the most popular medical intervention in Armenia is nose surgery. Such a nose is not the best option for girls, and many Armenian women prefer to get rid of a big nose through surgery. Me sitting on a nearby wall of Yereruyk monastery The majority of Armenians, around 97%, are Christians belonging to the Armenian Apostolic Church. In 301 AD, Armenia adopted Christianity as a state religion, becoming the first state to do so. Maksim Manukyan - Greco-Roman wrestling champion (80 kg) When it comes to physical performance, Armenians may not excel in team sports (football, basketball) and sports requiring endurance (like long-distance running, skiing, etc.). Our bodies are more adapted to wrestling, weightlifting, boxing, and gymnastics. The fact that many Armenian athletes achieve high results to this day supports this statement. Armenians are also proficient in chess, a mental sport that is highly developed in Armenia and has thousands of active players across all age categories. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

As a professional hiking guide in Armenia with over 11 years of experience, I have led countless tourists through the country’s most breathtaking trails. In this article, I highlight the most popular hiking destinations—ideal for visitors with limited time who want to experience the essence of Armenia’s landscapes. Begin your Armenian adventure today and discover the best hikes this beautiful country has to offer. < Back Best Places For Hiking In Armenia As a professional hiking guide in Armenia with over 11 years of experience, I have led countless tourists through the country’s most breathtaking trails. In this article, I highlight the most popular hiking destinations—ideal for visitors with limited time who want to experience the essence of Armenia’s landscapes. Begin your Armenian adventure today and discover the best hikes this beautiful country has to offer. I am Suren, a hiking guide in Armenia, and I have been organizing and leading tours for over 11 years. I guide in English and Russian and have an intermediate level of German. I offer private and group hiking, sightseeing, off-roading, and urbex tours across Armenia. Until 2023, I worked as a freelance guide for various tour agencies, but after launching my website that year, my goal became connecting tourists directly with their guide—after all, it’s the guide who leads their experience and earns their trust in Armenia. Over the years, I have gathered feedback from travelers about their personal preferences and expectations, which allowed me to create this list of the most popular hiking destinations in Armenia. Let’s go… Hiking in Armenia Armenia, a country rich in culture and history, is also a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. With its diverse terrain, breathtaking landscapes, and historical landmarks, Armenia offers some of the best hiking trails in the world. Here are some of the top hiking destinations in Armenia that every adventurer should explore. Mount Aragats Mount Aragats as seen by me while hiking along Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail Rising proudly amidst the rugged landscapes of Armenia, Mount Aragats with its 4 summits stands as a majestic symbol of natural beauty and cultural significance. With its snow-capped peaks, lush meadows, and ancient volcanic formations, this mighty mountain offers a captivating experience for adventurers and nature enthusiasts. The 4 summits of Aragats are named according to their relative geographic position: Northern—4,090 m (13,420 ft) Highest in Armenia Western—3,995 m (13,107 ft) Eastern—3,908 m (12,822 ft) Southern—3,888 m (12,756 ft) All four summits are accessible for hikers and do not require technical skills. Among them, the Southern Summit is particularly popular due to its easy accessibility. More about mount Aragats you can learn by reading this article! Mount Azhdahak The view from the summit of mount Azhdahak Located in the Geghama Mountain Range, Mount Azhdahak with its crater lake offers an unforgettable experience for those seeking awe-inspiring landscapes and an immersion in Armenia's rich history. Standing proudly at an elevation of 3,597 meters (11,801 feet) this “Red Giant” attracts every hiker who learns about it! On a clear day, from the top you can see Lake Sevan in the distance, nearby Lake Akna and Vishapalich (Dragon Lake) while the rugged peaks of neighboring mountains, be it Red Ridge or Spitakasar, create a dramatic backdrop. More about mount Azhdahak you can learn by reading this article! Mount Dimats Thanks to its charming cliffs, Shaghot waterfall (46 meters high) and photogenic views, mount Dimats (2360 m) has become a popular hiking destination among tourists in Armenia! This is a peak in the Tavush Region of Armenia, in the southwestern part of Ijevan Mountains, 5 km northwest of Haghartsin village! More about mount Dimats you can learn by reading this article! Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail Aparan Reservoir in the beginning of June Discover the Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail, just 45 km from Yerevan, perfect for hiking in all seasons. The reservoir was built in 1962-1967, covering an area of 7.9 square kilometers. For the construction, two villages, Kasakh and Zovuni, were relocated to the vicinity of Yerevan. Built in the 4th century, St. Poghos-Petros basilica partially goes underwater for 3-4 months a year, marking the end of the trail. Even bicycle riders love to visit this place, as there is a road (not asphalt) leading there. On foot, of course, you can explore more, gain altitude, and see the reservoir from a charming angle! More about Aparan Reservoir you can learn in here. From Lake Parz to Goshavank Monastery Lake Parz in Dilijan National Park From Lake Parz the trail winds its way through dense forests, providing a refreshing escape from the hustle and bustle of city life. As you continue your hike, you'll encounter a diverse array of flora and fauna, including vibrant wildflowers and various bird species. Even on hot summer days, the trail remains pleasantly cool, offering fresh, oxygen-rich air that prevents fatigue from setting in. The trail concludes in Gosh village, near the 12th-13th century Armenian Monastery of Goshavank. More about Lake Parz – Goshavank Monastery trail you can learn by reading this article! Smbataberd Fortress Smbataberd fortress is one of the best preserved Armenian fortresses Smbataberd (fortress of Smbat) is one of the most popular hiking trails in Armenia! Except for hot July and August other months are “hiking friendly”. From Eghegis village, the trail will take you to the medieval Smbataberd (Fortress of Smbat). Then you can proceed towards the monastic complex Tsaghats Kar, which is approximately a 2-hour hike from Smbataberd. The trail ends near Zorats church... More about Smbataberd – Tsaghats Kar – Zorats Church trail you can learn by reading this article! Matosavank - Jukhtak Loop Aerial photo of Matosavank Matosavank - Jukhtak Loop, situated in Dilijan National Park, Tavush, is an easy 4.5 km trail. The path takes you to the 13th-century Jukhtak Monastery and then proceeds to Matosavank, another 13th-century monastery. The trail winds through dense forests, offering fresh air and a quick nature walk for those seeking a relaxing stroll. Odzun-Hormayr-Kobayr trail Aerial photo of Kobayr Monastery The Odzun–Horomayr–Kobayr trail, spanning 9 kilometers through the breathtaking Debed Canyon, is widely regarded as one of Armenia's most picturesque hiking routes. Begin your journey with a visit to the remarkable Odzun Church, an architectural gem. From there, descend to the 12th-century Horomayr Monastery, nestled in the cliffs, and continue onward to the equally stunning 12th-century Kobayr Monastery, which marks the conclusion of this unforgettable trail. Mount Yeranos Trail View from the summit of mount Yeranos Mount Yeranos (1823m) is a peak near the northern edge of Ararat Region, Armenia, in the western half of the Yeranos mountain range, 8 km northeast of Lanjazat village. From the summit a breathtaking view opens up towards Azat reservoir! The trail is radial and stretches 18 km. Old Khot-Shinuhayr trail Me exploring Old Khot village Hiking along the Vorotan Gorge is another exciting trail I strongly recommend exploring in Armenia. Start your hike from Khot village, where the map of the trail stands, and descend to the old Khot village. This is an abandoned village often referred to as the Armenian Machu Picchu due to its resemblance to the Inca citadel located in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru. After exploring this ghost village, head towards Shinuhayr village, exploring more abandoned buildings along the way. For more about Old Khot check out this article! Hiking tour to Lastiver Here I am, standing by the cascades of the Khachaghbyur River Nestled near the Khachaghbyur River, Lastiver boasts a two-story cave on a steep canyon slope, surrounded by towering trees, rugged cliffs, and a cascading waterfall that creates a magical ambiance. This historic refuge during the Mongol invasions of the 13th and 14th centuries owes its name to the log staircases resembling rafts that once provided access. The site’s charm extends to whimsical huts perched on 'chicken legs' and bas-reliefs carved by Soviet sculptor Benik Petrosyan in the 1970s, often mistaken for ancient works. Today, Lastiver’s blend of history, art, and pristine nature makes it a sought-after destination for hikers and ecotourists alike. In the 1970s, Soviet-Armenian sculptor Benik Petrosyan decorated the cave walls with expressive bas-reliefs, adding to its mysterious atmosphere. Many visitors assume these carvings are ancient, which only deepens the sense of wonder. The linear trail at Lastiver extends for 7 kilometers and is classified as easy, making it accessible for hikers of various skill levels. It remains enjoyable in all seasons, offering a journey through dense forests and presenting breathtaking views of the surrounding natural beauty. For hiking tour to Lastiver follow this link! Ready to Hike with Suren in Armenia? If this sparks your interest, let’s chat! Send me a message on WhatsApp or Telegram at +374 55677868 to plan your perfect hiking adventure in Armenia. Safe travels! 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Nearly every tourist traveling to Armenia visits the pagan Temple Garni in Garni village! In this brief article, you'll discover key facts about Garni Temple, enhancing your trip with valuable insights into Armenia's rich history. Create unforgettable memories as you delve into the cultural richness of this historic site! < Back Garni Temple Nearly every tourist traveling to Armenia visits the pagan Temple Garni in Garni village! In this brief article, you'll discover key facts about Garni Temple, enhancing your trip with valuable insights into Armenia's rich history. Create unforgettable memories as you delve into the cultural richness of this historic site! The pagan temple Garni in Armenia was built in 77 AD during the reign of King Tiridates I of Armenia. It is the only standing Greco-Roman colonnaded building in Armenia and the former Soviet Union. Took this photo of Garni temple anad Garni village while hiking to mount Yeranos! 2. After the adoption of Christianity in Armenia in 301 AD, the territory of the Garni temple (located inside a fortress) was transformed into a royal summer house for Khosrovidukht, the sister of Tiridates III. This allowed the temple to survive while other pagan temples were brutally destroyed. 3. Unfortunately, Garni temple collapsed in a devastating earthquake on June 4, 1679, with the epicenter located in the gorge of Garni. For 296 years, it remained in ruins. Up to the 1960s, about 80% of the original masonry and ornamentation remained scattered at the site, enabling the building's reconstruction. Garni temple still in ruins. Photo by Nemrut Baghdasaryan 4. In1880, archaeologist Aleksey Uvarov proposed moving the temple's stones to Tiflis (in Georgia) and reconstructing it there according to de Montpereux's plan. Fortunately, the governor of Erivan, citing technical difficulties with moving its parts, did not implement the plan, and the remnants of Garni remained in Armenia. 5. Reconstruction works began in January 1969 using the anastylosis method and were completed by 1975. The temple was almost entirely rebuilt using its original stones, except for the missing pieces, which were filled with blank (undecorated) stones. An episode from film "Rings of Glory"! The reconstruction started only 7 years after the movie release... 6. Garni temple is depicted in the 1962 Soviet Armenian film "Rings of Glory" («Кольца славы»), featuring the 1956 and 1960 Olympic Champion on the still rings, gymnast Albert Azaryan. It's noteworthy that during that time, the temple was still lying in ruins. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

If you’re planning a trip to Armenia, learning a few basic phrases in Armenian can greatly enhance your experience. While many Armenians speak English or at least know basic phrases, demonstrating an effort to communicate in the local language can enhance your interactions and leave a positive impression. < Back Barev and other Basic Armenian Phrases If you’re planning a trip to Armenia, learning a few basic phrases in Armenian can greatly enhance your experience. While many Armenians speak English or at least know basic phrases, demonstrating an effort to communicate in the local language can enhance your interactions and leave a positive impression. Here are some useful Armenian phrases that will help you navigate your way around our beautiful country․ Hello – Barev dzez - (formal) - Բարև ձեզ Hello – Barev - (informal) - Բարև Goodbye - (Hajoghutyun) Հաջողություն Thank you – (Shnorhakalutyun) - Շնորհակալություն Yes - (Ajo) Այո No - (Voch) Ոչ Excuse me - (Neroghutyun) Ներողություն How are you? - (Inchpes eq) Ինչպե՞ս եք I am fine - (Hianali) Հիանալի Welcome! - (Bari galust) Բարի գալուստ What is your name? - (Inch e dzer anuny) Ի՞նչ է ձեր անունը My name is... - (Im anunn e) Իմ անունն է... I am from Paris - (Es Parizic em) Ես Փարիզից եմ I don’t understand - (Chem haskanum) Չեմ հասկանում Where is the bus stop? - (Vortegh e kangary) Որտե՞ղ է կանգառը Where must I get off? - (Vortegh petq e ijnem) Որտե՞ղ պետք է իջնեմ An AI generated image of an Armenian girl standing near the blackboard Where is the bathroom? - (Vortegh e zugarany) Որտե՞ղ է զուգարանը Help! - (Ognutyun) Օգնություն I’m sorry - (Nereceq) Ներեցեք I don’t speak Armenian well - (Es hayeren lav chem khosum) Ես հայերեն լավ չեմ խոսում Could you speak slower, please? - (Khndrum em khoseq aveli dandagh) Խնդրում եմ խոսեք ավելի դանդաղ What time is it? - (Zhamy qanisn e?) Ժամը քանի՞սն է Where is…? - (Vortegh e?) Որտե՞ղ է How much does this cost? - (Inch arzhe?) Ի՞նչ արժե Do you accept credit cards? - (Duq yndunum eq kredit carter?) Դուք ընդունու՞մ եք կրեդիտ քարտեր I'm hungry - (Es qaghcac em) Ես քաղցած եմ Could I have the menu, please? - (Menyun ktaq?) Մենյուն կտա՞ք I would like to order… - (Uzum em patvirel) Ուզում եմ պատվիրել Can I have the bill, please? - (Hashivy kareli e?) Հաշիվը կարելի՞ է Is there Wi-Fi here? - (Wi-Fi ka?) Wi-Fi կա՞ What is the Wi-Fi password? - (Wi-Fi – I gaghtnabary kaseq?) Wi-Fi - ի գաղտնաբառը կասե՞ք Could you help me, please? - (Ogneq khndrum em) Օգնեք խնդրում եմ I’m looking for… - (Es pntrum em) Ես փնտրում եմ I’m lost - (Es korel em) Ես կորել եմ Do you speak English? - (Engleren khosum eq?) Դուք խոսու՞մ եք անգլերեն I need a doctor - (Es bzhshki kariq unem) Ես բժշկի կարիք ունեմ Is this the bus for…? - (Ur e tanum ays avtobusy) Ու՞ր է տանում այս ավտոբուսը Where can I find a taxi? - (Vortegh karogh em taxi gtnel) Որտե՞ղ կարող եմ տաքսի գտնել Could you call a taxi for me? - (Karogh eq im pokharen taxi kanchel?) Կարո՞ղ եք իմ փոխարեն տաքսի կանչել Where’s the nearest ATM? - (Vortegh e motaka bankomaty) Որտե՞ղ է մոտակա բանկոմատը Is it safe to camp here? - (Ajstegh apahov e gisherel?) Այստեղ ապահո՞վ է գիշերել I’d like this - (Es tsankanum em) Ես ցանկանում եմ It’s too expensive - (Shat tank e) Շատ թանկ է Show me on the map! - (Tsuyts tveq qartezi vra) Ցույց տվեք քարտեզի վրա Can I try it on? - (Karogh em pordzel?) Կարո՞ղ եմ փորձել Where can I buy a…? - (Vortegh karogh em gnel) Որտե՞ղ կարող եմ գնել What’s the weather like tomorrow? - (Inch eghanak e linelu vaghy) Ի՞նչ եղանակ է լինելու վաղը I’d like to go to… (Es ktsankanayi gnal) Ես կցանկանայի գնալ Stop here, please - (Kangneq aystegh khndrum em) Կանգնեք այստեղ խնդրում եմ I lost my wallet - (Es korcrel em dramapanaks) Ես կորցրել եմ դրամապանակս Everything is ok - (Amen inch lav e) Ամեն ինչ լավ է Remember, a little effort goes a long way. Even if you don’t pronounce everything perfectly, locals will appreciate your effort to communicate in their language. Enjoy your trip to Armenia! Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Armenia, a country celebrated for its rich history and stunning landscapes, stands out as a prime destination for outdoor enthusiasts seeking the best places for hiking and trekking. With its surprisingly changing terrain - mountains, valleys, and canyons that hide real gems of architecture - Armenia offers different trekking routes and awesome hiking tours. This article can be a useful guide for outdoor enthusiasts planning to travel to Armenia! < Back Hiking and Trekking in Armenia Armenia, a country celebrated for its rich history and stunning landscapes, stands out as a prime destination for outdoor enthusiasts seeking the best places for hiking and trekking. With its surprisingly changing terrain - mountains, valleys, and canyons that hide real gems of architecture - Armenia offers different trekking routes and awesome hiking tours. This article can be a useful guide for outdoor enthusiasts planning to travel to Armenia! This article highlights Armenia’s premier hiking routes and popular backpacking opportunities, offering an in-depth look at trails that weave through the country’s captivating landscapes. From beginners to seasoned trekking enthusiasts, there’s something for every skill level and interest. Whether you’re planning a solo hike or prefer a guided experience, this guide provides valuable insights to help you choose the perfect trail for an unforgettable Armenian adventure. Your journey into Armenia's great outdoors begins here. Popular Trekking Trails Trekking in Geghama Mountains: The view that opens up in front of your eyes from the top of mount Azhdahak Geghama mountain range stretches between Lake Sevan and the Ararat Plain (the range is 70 km length and 48 km width) and is a great multi-day hiking and trekking place for adventure-lovers. The highest point of the range, the extinct volcano Azhdahak (3597), is the most popular destination! Day 1: For a multi-day trekking, you can start your hike from Sevaberd village and reach lake Akna (3030m) and put up a tent there! The distance will be around 11 km. Great news for off-road enthusiasts: you can drive there, too! If you arrive by off-road vehicle, it’s well worth hiking around the lake and climbing Mount Aknasar (3258m) along the way! Camping on the shore of Lake Akna Day 2: On the second day, the trail takes you to the majestic Mount Azhdahak (3,597 m), the highest peak of the Geghama Mountain Range. The route winds between the Western and Eastern Aghusar mountains, leading to the saddle that lies between Mount Azhdahak and Red Ridge Mountain. From the saddle, a final 15–20-minute ascent brings you to the summit. Once at the top, immerse yourself in the breathtaking panoramic views before descending to set up camp along the serene shores of Lake Nazeli (Badi), located at an elevation of 3,100 meters. Spanning 15 kilometers, this linear route stands out as one of the most captivating and rewarding trails in Armenia. Early in the morning, before the sun casts its rays on the lake, you can see the mirrored reflection of the surrounding cliffs on Lake Nazeli Day 3: Climb Mount Nazeli (3,312 m), then hike to Dragon Lake to explore the ancient Armenian monuments known as Vishaps (Dragon Stones). From there, descend to the village of Geghard. If you follow the right path, you'll be rewarded with a stunning view of the Geghard Monastery, nestled in the gorge below. Please note that these are my personal recommendations, and you are always welcome to choose an alternative route that better suits your abilities and expectations! The Dragonstons that are located on the shore of lake Dragon Trekking on the slopes of Mount Aragats: Our next hike will take you to the highest point in Armenia, offering an unparalleled opportunity to admire the country from its loftiest heights. Mount Aragats, a dormant stratovolcano, boasts four distinct summits, each named according to its geographic position. Northern Summit — 4,090 m (13,420 ft) Western Summit — 3,995 m (13,107 ft) Eastern Summit — 3,908 m (12,822 ft) Southern Summit — 3,888 m (12,756 ft) All 4 summits of mount Aragats Mount Aragats, in addition to being Armenia’s highest peak, is conveniently located near Yerevan, making it more accessible than remote peaks such as Khustup in the Syunik region. An old asphalt road leads up to an impressive altitude of 3,200 meters, where Lake Kari and the Cosmic Ray Research Station are situated, providing a great starting point for exploring the mountain’s four summits. This proximity to the capital and the infrastructure up to Lake Kari make Aragats a popular destination for both casual hikers and seasoned mountaineers. Lake Kari, Southern and Western Summits of mount Aragats Day 1: Start your adventure from Amberd fortress, hike towards mount Tirinkatar (2860m), discover the Dragonstones lying nearby, then proceed towards Amberd lake and finally reach Lake Kari for the night! The hike is difficult though and is designed for professionals! Easier is to skip Tirinkatar sacred valley and choose the straight trail to lake Kari (3200m). It’s ideal to be accompanied by a support vehicle to carry your heavy gear and meet you at the shore of Lake Kari. The hikes I organize are designed with this convenience in mind. Me in Tirinkatar Sacred Valley! This is one of the best preserved Dragonstones you can find in there! Day 2: Begin your adventure with a climb to the Southern Summit of Mount Aragats, covering a distance of 5.5 km one way. From there, descend to the saddle between the Western and Southern Summits. If you’re feeling strong and ready for an extra challenge, ascend the Western Summit and enjoy its breathtaking views before making your way into the crater for the night. Usually we leave our backpacks on the saddle when climbing the Western Summit. Then continue your journey by descending to the crater. Find a flat spot somewhere close to the edge of the crater, near Eastern summit to set up your tent, allowing you to rest and soak in the serene beauty of the area. Climbing Southern Aragats (3888m) in the end of October Day 3: Climb Northern Aragats (4090m), Armenia’s highest summit, and then return to your camp (Climbing Eastern summit is tricky, there are lots of stones rolling down, but if you are a daring explorer make that happen)! Please note that the Northern Aragats features both a real summit and a false summit. The height difference between them is only a few meters, but reaching the true summit requires an additional 10-15 minutes of climbing. The final stretch can be challenging and intimidating for some, so it’s up to you to decide whether to proceed based on your confidence and comfort level. Grab your stuff and go down the river! On your way, you can see several waterfalls, including the marvelous Gegharot waterfall located on the altitute of 3000 meters! In winter, it freezes over, creating a stunning icy spectacle, while in summer, its cold waters cascade from a height of approximately 17 meters. It bears a striking resemblance to the Trchkan Waterfall. Hike up to the village Aragats to conclude your trekking trip! Once again this trail is considered to be difficult and is designed for those who are in good physical shape. Hiking in Armenia Climbing mount Aragats The southern summit of mount Aragats is just a few meters away For those seeking a moderate yet rewarding adventure, hiking to the Southern Summit of Aragats (3888m) is a must. The route to the southern summit begins at Lake Kari (3200m), offering an accessible and moderately challenging ascent. This 5.5 km trail features an elevation gain of 688 meters, making it an ideal choice for those interested in hiking in Armenia. Known for its scenic beauty and ease of access, this trail is a highlight of outdoor tours in Armenia. Climbing Western Aragats (3995m)! For those with hiking experience, I recommend tackling the Western Summit (3995m), particularly when snow conditions are manageable (typically from mid-May to July melting snow can affect movement on the slopes). While this route is more challenging than the Southern summit, the panoramic views make the effort worthwhile. The trail stretches 6.5 km one way and features an elevation gain of 800 meters when starting from lake Kari (3200m). Although the terrain is steep and unstable, it is manageable for those in good physical condition and does not require technical climbing skills. Frozen lake Kari and mount Aragats For experienced hikers, the Northern Summit (4,090 m), the highest point in Armenia, presents a more challenging climb with steep paths and slippery slopes during the descent. The effort is rewarded with breathtaking panoramic views of the entire region. Hikes can begin from either Gegharot Waterfall (3,000 m) or Lake Kari (3,200 m). If you have the stamina, consider combining the Eastern Summit with an ascent to the Northern Summit. However, be cautious of the main challenge at this summit: falling rocks. The lead climber should remain vigilant for those ascending behind. Climbing mount Azhdahak A hiker has victoriously lifted her hands after reaching the summit of mount Azhdahak Moving back to Geghama mountains let me mention Mount Azhdahak once again! A hiking trip from the foot of Mount Paytasar to Azhdahak (3597m) is something I highly recommend! Standing at 3,597 meters, this extinct volcano offers a crater lake, ancient petroglyphs, Vishaps, and wild landscapes. The 5.5 km trail begins at Mount Paytasar’s base, with a 600-meter ascent and moderate difficulty. Along the way, you'll encounter rare flora and fauna, and from the summit, you can enjoy stunning views of Lake Sevan. This experience makes it a must for outdoor tours and anyone seeking to explore Armenia! Hike to Lastiver Waterfall and Okon Monastery Me sitting in front of Okon Monastery The Lastiver trail is another popular hiking route in Armenia, winding through a lush forest filled with vibrant greenery, cascading waterfalls, and ancient caves featuring historic carvings. Hikers can choose to conclude their journey at Lastiver, approximately 3.5 km one way, or continue toward Okon Monastery. Iconic huts of Lastiver standing on “chicken legs" The 17-kilometer radial route offers a captivating journey through Armenia's monastic history, set against a backdrop of stunning natural landscapes. Along the way, visitors can marvel at intricate bas-reliefs carved on the wall of a cave and encounter whimsical wooden huts perched on “chicken legs,” adding a fairy-tale charm to the experience. This combination of cultural heritage and enchanting scenery makes the trek both educational and magical. Hiking from Lake Parz to Goshavank Took this drone shot while hiking from lake Parz to Goshavank Monastery The Lake Parz to Gosh Village trail in Dilijan National Park offers a scenic, moderately easy hike through Armenia’s beautiful landscapes. This 6.3 km point-to-point route, with a 230 m ascent and 340 m descent, takes around 2.5 hours. Hikers can enjoy vibrant wildflowers, diverse birdlife, and the serene beauty of Parz Lake, ending near the historic Goshavank Monastery. For those looking to extend their adventure, the trail continues to the tranquil Gosh Lake. Smbataberd – Tsaghats Kar – Zorats Monastery trail Perched high on the cliffs, Smbataberd Fortress is an attractive destination for adventure enthusiasts! The Smbataberd – Tsaghats Kar – Zorats Monastery hike is a 10.5 km route that’s great for those wanting to explore Armenia's cultural heritage. This moderate trek takes about 5 hours and features diverse terrain. Along the way, you'll see the 5th-century Smbataberd fortress, and the Tsaghats Kar Monastic Complex, which includes the 10th-century Surb Karapet and Surb Hovhannes churches, located 200 meters apart. The hike ends in the historic village of Yeghegis, near Zorats Monastery, built in 1303 by the Orbelian princes. With a 600-meter elevation gain, this trail offers a rewarding mix of nature and history. Hike to Yeranos mountain View from the summit of mount Yeranos Mount Yeranos is a popular spot in Armenia, attracting outdoor lovers such as paragliders, off-road drivers, and hunters. At 1,823 meters high, it boasts some of the country’s most beautiful scenery. The trail begins near Norashen village and is 9 km one way, with an elevation gain of 756 meters. Hikers enjoy stunning views of Mount Ararat and the Azat Reservoir, along with the unique landscapes that showcase the region’s natural beauty. Hike to Dimats mountain Mount Dimats Mount Dimats is quickly becoming a top hiking destination in Armenia's Tavush Region. The challenging 8.5 km (one way) trail starts and ends at Teghut village, with an elevation gain of 1,260 meters. Hikers will be treated to stunning views of Shaghot Waterfall and steep cliffs. The hike takes about 7.5 hours and is known for its breathtaking scenery and panoramic views. Hikes to Hatis, Ara, or Apakeqar Mountains in Winter Winter ascent to mount Hatis Mount Hatis is a popular hiking spot for locals, featuring a moderately challenging trail with beautiful views of the Kotayk region and Yerevan. The mountain is known for its unique cone shape and historical importance, drawing hikers throughout the year. The trail is 5.6 kilometers one way and reaches a height of 2,528 meters. Located just 2.5 kilometers from the village of Kaputan, Mount Hatis is also the source of the Karasunak springs, which come from its southern foothills. By the end of 2025, the tallest statue of Jesus will be installed at the top of mount Hatis. Hike from Khot to Shinuhayr Me exploring abandoned Old Khot Village The trail begins in the village of Khot and goes to two abandoned villages, Hin Khot and Hin Shinuhayr, before ending in Shinuhayr. This 7.5 km trail offers a memorable experience as you explore these villages, often called the Armenian Machu Picchu. Hike to Tatev Desert from Satan Bridge Tatev Desert as seen from Tatev village - Tatev Desert trail The hike to Tatev Desert from Satan Bridge is short yet epic! It features a radial trail, and you can also opt for a point-to-point route by starting at Tatev Monastery and ending at Satan Bridge. The Big Desert of Tatev is a 17th-century Armenian monastery located on the right bank of the river Vorotan, where it meets its tributary Tatev. It was built in the 1660s after an earthquake destroyed the nearby Harants (Fathers') Hermitage of Halidzor in 1658. The Great Hermitage of Tatev has the same layout as the older hermitage but is larger. It's a valuable example of medieval Armenian architecture with a unique design. Hidden deep in the woods, this mysterious monastic complex will leave a lasting impression on you! Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail While hiking along the Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail, you will encounter evergreen forests and several historical monuments. A view of Mount Aragats will accompany you all the way up to the end! It's perfect in all seasons, though you'll need snowshoes in winter. Odzun – Horomayr – Kobayr Trail Horomayr Monastery as seen by my drone The Odzun-Horomayr-Kobayr trail will leave an unforgettable impression on you! Hiking along Lori Gorge is something you will never forget. This 9 km linear trail takes you through a scenic route where you will encounter ancient Armenian churches nestled high among the cliffs. Kayan Fortress Trail Camping in the territory of Kayan fortress Kayan Berd, a historic fortress in Armenia’s Lori province, lies strategically between the Haghpat and Sanahin monasteries on a ridge overlooking the Debed River. Spanning 120 meters with 15 semi-circular towers, it features upper and lower sections connected by a staircase-like inner gate. Within the fortress stands Dsevank Monastery, noted by historian Arakel Davrizhetsi as “See and pass by.” The 1.5 km trail to the fortress takes about an hour and can be combined with the Haghpat to Sanahin trail. One of my favorite routes, this trail is ideal for those new to hiking and looking to explore Armenia’s scenic landscapes. Mount Artanish A view of Lake Sevan from the top of Mount Artanish Climbing Mount Artanish is one of the top hiking experiences in Armenia, offering breathtaking views of Lake Sevan. Located 70 km from Yerevan in the Gegharkunik region, the hike begins at the Artist's Union Rest House in Shorzha. The 5 km trail (one way) features an elevation gain of 560 meters, making it a moderate challenge for hikers. At 2,460 meters, Mount Artanish is the only peak from which you can see the entire expanse of Lake Sevan. After the hike, enjoy a refreshing swim in the crystal-clear waters of Sevan—a truly unforgettable part of your journey in Armenia! Practical Tips for Hiking in Armenia: While Armenia's diverse landscapes can be explored year-round, the best time for hiking is from midst spring to early autumn when the weather is mild, not that rainy and the flora is in full bloom. Embrace the opportunity to interact with local communities along the way, gaining insights into Armenia's rich cultural heritage. Armenians are very hospitable especially those living in rural areas and don't miss a chance to talk to them! Remember that even a simple "barev (hello in Armenian)" and friendly smile can create a warm atmosphere. Armenia's hiking and trekking trails promise not only physical challenges but also a spiritual connection with nature and a deep appreciation for the country's cultural tapestry. Lace up your boots, breathe in the crisp mountain air, and embark on an unforgettable journey through Armenia's outdoor wonders. Welcome to Armenia... Here is another article dedicated to hiking in Armenia, where I suggest hiking trails based on regions. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk