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In Armenia’s Orgov village, at an altitude of 1,700 meters above sea level, stands the iconic ROT54—an engineering marvel designed by Paris Herouni that leaves a lasting impression on every visitor. Its giant scale surprises everyone, offering views toward Tegher Monastery and the biblical Mount Ararat. The control rooms feel like scenes from a Stanley Kubrick film, while the nearby Arev solar thermal power station—built during Armenia’s 1990s energy crisis—adds even more mystery to the place. This site is a must-visit for anyone interested in the scientific history of the Soviet Union. Now abandoned, it remains a striking testament to Armenia’s Soviet-era scientific legacy and a highlight of my urban explorer tours. < Back ROT54 or the Herouni Mirror Radio Telescope In Armenia’s Orgov village, at an altitude of 1,700 meters above sea level, stands the iconic ROT54—an engineering marvel designed by Paris Herouni that leaves a lasting impression on every visitor. Its giant scale surprises everyone, offering views toward Tegher Monastery and the biblical Mount Ararat. The control rooms feel like scenes from a Stanley Kubrick film, while the nearby Arev solar thermal power station—built during Armenia’s 1990s energy crisis—adds even more mystery to the place. This site is a must-visit for anyone interested in the scientific history of the Soviet Union. Now abandoned, it remains a striking testament to Armenia’s Soviet-era scientific legacy and a highlight of my urban explorer tours. The ROT54 radio-optical telescope is located in Orgov village, Aragatsotn Province of Armenia, at an elevation of 1,700 meters. It was designed by the Armenian physicist and engineer Paris Herouni, who spent 17 years navigating Soviet bureaucracy to bring his vision to life. Despite strong pressure to build the project in Crimea rather than in Armenia, Herouni secured approval to construct the observatory in Armenia—an achievement that reflects his persistence and deep devotion to his homeland. Herouni Mirror Radio Telescope (Зеркальный радиотелескоп геруни) Patent No. 1377941 Image credits: База патентов СССР (USSR Patent Database) Herouni was known for his innovative approach to radio engineering and his dedication to advancing scientific knowledge in Armenia. Over his career, he published around 353 scientific works, including 248 papers, four monographs, and 25 patents. He was also a passionate science communicator, frequently appearing in newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, with media coverage about him spanning the USSR, Russia, Armenia, USA, France, and Italy. ROT-54 in winter Herouni carried out several expeditions along the southern slopes of Mount Aragats before selecting this site as the future location for the telescope. The natural, crater-like shape of the landscape was ideal for installing the dish, while the 13th-century Tegher Monastery and the biblical Mount Ararat formed a dramatic backdrop. At the time, there were plans to relocate the village—a common practice during the Soviet industrialization era. Rather than investing in roads, gas supply, or other essential infrastructure for remote mountain communities, Soviet authorities often chose to resettle villagers in nearby towns. By launching the ROT54 project, Herouni built a road from scratch, connected the village, and ultimately saved Orgov from being erased. Inside the control room of ROT-54 While Paris Herouni patented many inventions, this project became his Mona Lisa—the first Radio-Optical Telescope (ROT-54/2.6). The structure is a massive antenna with a diameter of 54 meters (177 ft), boasting some of the finest technical parameters among large antennas worldwide. Aerial photo of ROT-54 telescope Constructed between 1975 and 1985, the telescope was active from 1986 to 1990 before ceasing operations around 1990. In the mid-1990s, there was a proposal for the restoration of the telescope. Between 1995 and 2010, it underwent modernization with new control computers and feeds, and observations resumed in collaboration with the Astronomical Society of Russia and the National Technical University of Athens. Me sitting in the control room of ROT-54 However, in 2012, the operations ceased again when a control arm failed, immobilizing the secondary mirror. The Armenian state couldn't cover the cost of repairs, leading to the mothballing of the research complex. Future operation requires further upgrades to the control systems, comprehensive adjustments, replacement of outdated analog sensors with digital ones, and modernization of the data processing systems. According to experts, these upgrades will cost approximately $25 million. A historical photo shows the newly installed telescope with a helicopter hovering above it. The small trees planted at the time have since grown taller than the surrounding buildings, turning the site into a surprisingly pleasant and shady place during the hot summer months. The ROT-54/2.6 radio-optical telescope enabled a wide range of advanced radio astronomy observations, including: Studies of ultra-distant objects such as quasars and radio galaxies Observations of pulsars, supernovae, and their temporal changes Investigation of radio sources with angular sizes smaller than 1 arcsecond Analysis of fine inhomogeneities with angular sizes below 1 arcsecond Study of thermal radiation from newly formed stars Research on nebulae and T Tauri stars Organization of simultaneous radio and optical observations of well-known celestial objects, allowing results from leading radio observatories to be combined into a new unified catalog Searches for new molecules in comets and planetary atmospheres within the Solar System Thanks to its exceptionally low intrinsic noise temperature of approximately 5 K, the telescope’s radio noise level did not exceed 1–2 mJy. With a receiver bandwidth of 1 GHz and an integration time of just 1 second, ROT-54/2.6 was capable of detecting extremely faint objects. Its sensitivity was comparable to that of major facilities such as the Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico, despite the VLA consisting of 27 antennas. "Arev" solar power station Another giant “dish” comes into view as soon as you enter the site. Many visitors mistakenly assume it’s a telescope, but it’s actually a solar power station —another remarkable invention by Paris Herouni. “Arev” is an unfinished solar thermal power station designed by Paris Herouni In the 1990s, during Armenia’s energy crisis—when the country’s nuclear power plant was offline, the war in Artsakh was ongoing, and the nation faced a blockade—Paris Herouni set out to develop efficient solar energy systems. In 1991, he presented his “Arev” thermal power plant project, protected by seven international and two Armenian patents, demonstrating higher efficiency than comparable international projects. The project attracted attention from major international organizations and investors, particularly from the United Kingdom, and construction began. However, when the project was nearing completion, the investors attempted to claim Herouni’s patents. The matter went to court, construction was delayed, and the project was never resumed. https://video.wixstatic.com/video/103e0a_5f30da795304441b98c4fe3ec4eb6e8b/1080p/mp4/file.mp4 An aerial view of Herouni Mirror Radio Telescope Today, this place attracts tourists from around the world. For urban explorers visiting Armenia, this place is a must-visit! The "Orbita" Antenna I am standing near the giant "Orbita" antenna and pointing towards west Within the territory of the Herouni United Space Center, visitors can also see a massive antenna known as “Orbita.” The Orbita (Орбита) system was the world’s first national satellite television network, launched by the Soviet Union in 1967. Because the USSR covered an enormous territory, laying cables to every remote region was impractical. Instead, a network of ground stations equipped with large, iconic parabolic antennas was built to receive signals from Molniya satellites. Armenia was also part of this network and had several Orbita antennas. At least three are known to me, with two surviving to this day. According to available information, the Orbita station in Armenia became operational in November 1977, though it is unclear whether this date refers to this specific station or another antenna; further verification is required. The launch of this station coincided with the construction of the 311.7-meter Yerevan TV Tower, which allowed Armenia to receive the Second Program of Central Television from Moscow via the Molniya and Raduga satellite constellations. More on this you can read in the following article... I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

This one-day tour covers some of Armenia's most iconic landmarks – must-visit sites for every traveler exploring the country. The journey takes you from ancient pagan history to the dawn of Christianity and the 9th century, when the Sevanavank Monastery was founded. We’ll visit the Garni Pagan Temple, the only surviving Greco-Roman colonnaded temple in the post-Soviet region, followed by the UNESCO-listed Geghard Monastery, famous for its rock-hewn churches and deep spiritual heritage. According to tradition, the Holy Lance – believed to have pierced Christ’s side during the crucifixion – was once kept here. Finally, we’ll head to the Sevan Peninsula to explore the 9th-century Sevanavank Monastery and admire the sweeping views of Lake Sevan, one of the world’s largest high-altitude freshwater lakes. < Back Garni-Geghard & Sevanavank Day Sightseeing Tour This one-day tour covers some of Armenia's most iconic landmarks – must-visit sites for every traveler exploring the country. The journey takes you from ancient pagan history to the dawn of Christianity and the 9th century, when the Sevanavank Monastery was founded. We’ll visit the Garni Pagan Temple, the only surviving Greco-Roman colonnaded temple in the post-Soviet region, followed by the UNESCO-listed Geghard Monastery, famous for its rock-hewn churches and deep spiritual heritage. According to tradition, the Holy Lance – believed to have pierced Christ’s side during the crucifixion – was once kept here. Finally, we’ll head to the Sevan Peninsula to explore the 9th-century Sevanavank Monastery and admire the sweeping views of Lake Sevan, one of the world’s largest high-altitude freshwater lakes. Itinerary Highlights 1️⃣ Charents Arch Also called the "Temple of Ararat," this monument, designed by architect Rafael Israelyan in 1957, perfectly frames Mount Ararat on a clear day. Built from basalt and lined with orange tuff, it stands at 1,500 meters above sea level, measuring 10 x 5.5 m and 5 m in height – a stunning natural frame for Armenia’s biblical mountain. 2️⃣ Garni Pagan Temple Built in the 1st century AD under King Tiridates I, Garni is the only standing Greco-Roman pagan temple in the region. Dedicated to Mihr, the Armenian sun god, it survived centuries of history and Armenia’s Christian conversion in 301 AD. After being destroyed by an earthquake in 1679, it was carefully reconstructed in the 1970s, now serving as a rare glimpse into Armenia’s pre-Christian past. 3️⃣ Symphony of Stones A breathtaking natural wonder featuring hexagonal basalt columns shaped by volcanic activity millions of years ago, resembling giant organ pipes. Similar formations exist worldwide, such as the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland or Fingal's Cave in Scotland. The murmur of the Azat River beneath the cliffs creates a magical, natural "symphony." 4️⃣ Geghard Monastery Founded in the 4th century by St. Gregory the Illuminator, Geghard is partly carved into solid rock, making it a masterpiece of medieval Armenian architecture. Its name, meaning "Monastery of the Spear," refers to the Holy Lance once kept here, believed to have been brought to Armenia by Apostle Thaddeus. Today, the relic is housed in Etchmiadzin, the spiritual center of the Armenian Apostolic Church. 5️⃣ Sevanavank Monastery Situated on the Sevan Peninsula at 1,900 meters above sea level, this 9th-century monastic complex offers breathtaking views of Lake Sevan. Once an island monastery, Sevanavank is among the most picturesque and historically significant sites in Armenia. The tour is conducted in a Mitsubishi Pajero IV Tour Details Start: 8:00 AM, Yerevan Finish: 5:00 PM, Yerevan Distance: ~200 km Price: 90,000 AMD (per group of 1–4 people) Additional Costs: 1,800 AMD per person (entry to Garni Temple & Symphony of Stones) Includes: Transportation and professional guide service Project Gallery Previous Next

Discover the rich heritage and physical characteristics of the Armenian people in this insightful article. Uncover the historical evidence tracing their origins, the scientific classification under the Armenoid or Aryan race, and detailed descriptions by notable figures like Renato Biasuti. Explore the unique traits of Armenians, including their distinctive nose, often expressed in statues of cultural icons. Delve into the cultural significance of the nose, its impact on beauty standards, and the prevalence of nose surgery in Armenia. Learn about the dominant Christian faith, historical milestones, and the athletic prowess of Armenians in various sports, from wrestling to chess. Explore what makes the Armenian identity truly fascinating. < Back Armenian People Discover the rich heritage and physical characteristics of the Armenian people in this insightful article. Uncover the historical evidence tracing their origins, the scientific classification under the Armenoid or Aryan race, and detailed descriptions by notable figures like Renato Biasuti. Explore the unique traits of Armenians, including their distinctive nose, often expressed in statues of cultural icons. Delve into the cultural significance of the nose, its impact on beauty standards, and the prevalence of nose surgery in Armenia. Learn about the dominant Christian faith, historical milestones, and the athletic prowess of Armenians in various sports, from wrestling to chess. Explore what makes the Armenian identity truly fascinating. Armenians (Armenian: հայեր) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia. Regarding the origin of Armenians, there are five historical pieces of evidence written not only by Armenians but also by foreign authors. These include Armenian, Georgian, Greek, Arabic, and ancient Hebrew sources. While foreigners refer to us as Armenians, we use the name (Hay, հայ), traditionally derived from Hayk (Armenian: Հայկ), the legendary patriarch of the Armenians and a great-great-grandson of Noah. According to Movses Khorenatsi (Moses of Khorene), Hayk defeated the Babylonian king Bel in 2492 BC, establishing his nation in the Ararat region. The presence of Armenia on the Babylonian clay slab-map, dating to no earlier than the 9th century BC, further confirms Armenia as one of the oldest countries on earth. In the context of scientific racism, Armenians are classified as belonging to the Armenoid or Aryan race, a now-outdated model developed originally by Europeans in support of colonialism. The term was used by Austrian anthropologist Felix von Luschan and Eugen Petersen in the 1889 book Reisen in Lykien, Milyas und Kibyratis ("Travel in Lycia, Milyas and Kibyratis"). Carleton Coon (1904–81) described the regions of West Asia such as Anatolia, the Caucasus, Iraq, Iran, and the Levant as the center of distribution of the Armenoid race. The 9th World Chess Champion Tigran Petrosian and composer Aram Khachaturian Renato Biasuti, a notable Italian geographer who published many works on physical anthropology, described the Armenoid type as follows: "Opaque-white to brown skin, dark hair, and dark eyes, abundant hair, medium height (166), solid body, broad head, rounded nape, very long face, straight and narrow nose with a high bridge of the nose, thin lips, narrow opening of the eyes." Armenian writer Zabel Yesayan (1878 – 1943) Armenian people are typically characterized as being relatively tall (170 cm), with medium to dark brown or black hair, and fair to medium skin tone. They commonly possess large, round eyes that are usually dark brown, a round, brachycephalic head shape with a straight nape (planokiput), high cheekbones, and a not particularly large jaw. Lips are thin, and only a minority of Armenians have blond hair and blue, green, or hazel eyes. Prominent Soviet-Armenian composer and pianist Arno Babajanian A major distinctive feature of Armenian people is their nose. Anthropologists have calculated that the average length of the nose of Armenians is 58 mm, making it the second-largest in the world after the Kurds. In Armenia, it is even possible to buy a souvenir in the shape of a nose, such as a glasses stand or a magnet. At every step, you can see not only a "living" nose but also a stone one. The noses of prominent Armenian cultural figures, such as Arno Babajanyan, Mher Mkrtchyan, and Yeghishe Charents, are clearly expressed in their statues. However, the subject of Armenian pride is not always desirable. For many girls, a big nose is not a gift but a tragedy. It is no coincidence that the most popular medical intervention in Armenia is nose surgery. Such a nose is not the best option for girls, and many Armenian women prefer to get rid of a big nose through surgery. Me sitting on a nearby wall of Yereruyk monastery The majority of Armenians, around 97%, are Christians belonging to the Armenian Apostolic Church. In 301 AD, Armenia adopted Christianity as a state religion, becoming the first state to do so. Maksim Manukyan - Greco-Roman wrestling champion (80 kg) When it comes to physical performance, Armenians may not excel in team sports (football, basketball) and sports requiring endurance (like long-distance running, skiing, etc.). Our bodies are more adapted to wrestling, weightlifting, boxing, and gymnastics. The fact that many Armenian athletes achieve high results to this day supports this statement. Armenians are also proficient in chess, a mental sport that is highly developed in Armenia and has thousands of active players across all age categories. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Explore the rich history of Armenia with cultural tours that take you to Saghmosavank Monastery, a stunning 13th-century Armenian Apostolic complex located in the picturesque Aragatsotn region. Built by Vache A Vachutyan, Saghmosavank stands as a testament to medieval Armenian architecture with its remarkable gavit, library, and acoustics that once filled the air with psalms. Nestled on the scenic cliffs overlooking the Kasakh River, this monastery is a must-visit destination for those who wish to travel Armenia and discover its spiritual heritage. < Back Saghmosavank: A Must-Visit Monastery on Your Armenian Cultural Tour Explore the rich history of Armenia with cultural tours that take you to Saghmosavank Monastery, a stunning 13th-century Armenian Apostolic complex located in the picturesque Aragatsotn region. Built by Vache A Vachutyan, Saghmosavank stands as a testament to medieval Armenian architecture with its remarkable gavit, library, and acoustics that once filled the air with psalms. Nestled on the scenic cliffs overlooking the Kasakh River, this monastery is a must-visit destination for those who wish to travel Armenia and discover its spiritual heritage. Saghmosavank is an Armenian Apostolic monastery complex located in the village of Saghmosavan in the Aragatsotn region, perched on a scenic elevated site overlooking the Kasakh River, just 37 km from Yerevan. Built in the 13th century by Vache A Vachutyan, the monastery’s name derives from "saghmos," meaning "psalm," reflecting its unique distinction as the only monastery named after the spiritual songs sung within its walls, renowned for its exceptional acoustics. Following the liberation of Eastern Armenia by the Zakarian princes, the Vachutian dynasty established its presence here. Originally from Lori, the Vachutians connected their legacy with Aragatsotn, which they ruled. Prince Vache Vachutyan, a prominent figure of the dynasty, was known for his contributions to both military victories and monumental construction, including the open courtyard of Sanahin, the Church of the Holy Nshan of Kecharis, the gavit of Makaravank, and other notable secular and spiritual structures. Saghmosavank In 1215, Vache Vachutyan and his wife, Mamakhatun, built the main church of Saghmosavank, Saint Sion, designed by architect Momik. The church is rectangular on the outside, cross-domed on the inside, and features two-story vaults in all corners. South of Saint Sion is the Saint Astvatsatsin Church, built in 1235 by Kurd Vachutyan, son of Vache Vachutyan. This vaulted church features a rectangular plan with a distinctive altar in the eastern part, adorned with a bas-relief depicting the rising sun, an angel, and the royal coat of arms with an eagle clawing a lamb. The architecture also includes colorful designs with red, black, white, yellow, and red-painted stones, enhancing its visual appeal. In 1255, Prince Kurd Vachutyan, alongside his wife Khorishah, built the library-church known as Gratun in memory of their daughter Mamakhatun. This structure stands out for its unique design, featuring a tabernacle in the east and a rare two-story depository in the southeast corner. Gratun offers access to both the vestibule and the Saint Astvatsatsin Church, which can only be entered from the library. The library once housed 120 manuscripts in the 13th century, highlighting its significance as a center of learning. Saghmosavank Monastery was one of the most prosperous and renowned spiritual centers of the medieval period, preserving a rich legacy of Armenian architecture, history, and culture. The gavit and library of Saghmosavank, with their intricate architectural and engineering designs, are among the most remarkable examples of medieval secular buildings. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Seven Years in Tibet (1997) is an American biographical war drama film inspired by the autobiographical travel memoir Seven Years in Tibet by Austrian mountaineer and former Nazi SS sergeant Heinrich Harrer. Starring Brad Pitt and David Thewlis, the film chronicles the 1939 German Himalayan Foundation expedition to Nanga Parbat, the team's internment during World War II, their daring escape from a British prison camp in India, and the transformative journey of Harrer and Aufschnaiter to Lhasa, Tibet. This is the true story of “Seven Years in Tibet”. < Back The movie Seven Years in Tibet is based on Heinrich Harrer’s eponymous book Seven Years in Tibet (1997) is an American biographical war drama film inspired by the autobiographical travel memoir Seven Years in Tibet by Austrian mountaineer and former Nazi SS sergeant Heinrich Harrer. Starring Brad Pitt and David Thewlis, the film chronicles the 1939 German Himalayan Foundation expedition to Nanga Parbat, the team's internment during World War II, their daring escape from a British prison camp in India, and the transformative journey of Harrer and Aufschnaiter to Lhasa, Tibet. This is the true story of “Seven Years in Tibet”. Harrer’s book, Seven Years in Tibet: My Life Before, During and After (1952), originally published in German as Sieben Jahre in Tibet. Mein Leben am Hofe des Dalai Lama, recounts his extraordinary experiences in Tibet from 1944 to 1951 during World War II. The book was translated into English in 1954 and became an international bestseller. Two films have been inspired by Harrer’s memoir. The first was a 1956 documentary, directed by Hans Nieter, featuring footage shot by Harrer during his time in Tibet, as well as reconstructed scenes of his adventures. The second, the 1997 feature film Seven Years in Tibet, was directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud and starred Brad Pitt as Harrer and David Thewlis as his companion, Peter Aufschnaiter. The movie poster of Seven Years in Tibet After learning about the upcoming 1939 German Himalayan Foundation expedition to Nanga Parbat, for which he was not selected, Heinrich Harrer decided to do something extraordinary to earn a place. He resolved to conquer the treacherous North Face of Eiger, which could bring him fame and influence, and subsequently a place on the expedition. Harrer then teamed up with his climbing partner, Fritz Kasparek. At the time, most attempts to scale the North Face of Eiger had ended in tragedy, leading the Bernese authorities to ban further climbs and impose fines on anyone who dared to try. Heinrich Harrer's book "The White Spider" After completing his university exams in July 1938, Harrer, along with Kasparek, traveled to Kleine Scheidegg at the base of the Eiger to begin their climb. Midway up the mountain, they encountered two German climbers, Ludwig Vörg and Anderl Heckmair, who were also attempting the ascent. The four decided to join forces, with the experienced Heckmair leading the team. And they succeeded… In just four days, the four climbers transformed from ordinary mountaineers into heroes. Their achievement was celebrated as the resolution of "the last great problem in the Alps." After their successful ascent of the Eiger North Face, the four climbers were received by Adolf Hitler and photographed with him. Harrer later recounted this monumental climb in his 1959 book The White Spider. As Harrer wrote in 1938, "We climbed up the North Face of Eiger over the summit and up to our führer." It wasn't until 1997, however, that his affiliation with the Nazi Party was revealed by the German magazine Stern. Harrer subsequently expressed regret for his past involvement with the Party. From left: Andreas Heckmair, Heinrich Harrer, Adolf Hitler, Fritz Kasparek, Ludwig Vörg, Hans von Tschammer und Osten (Reich Sports Leader), and Dr. Wilhelm Frick (Reich Minister of the Interior) in Breslau during the 18th German Gymnastics and Sports Festival In May 1939, Heinrich Harrer was selected by the German Himalayan Foundation to join a new expedition to Nanga Parbat. Leaving behind his pregnant wife, he became part of a four-man team led by Peter Aufschnaiter. Their objective was to explore the Diamir Face of Nanga Parbat in search of a more accessible route to the summit. The rock face, however, proved to be technically challenging and perilous, with vertical, unstable walls prone to avalanches. Despite these constant dangers, the team succeeded in reaching an elevation of 6,009 meters before retreating. Strangely in the movie we have different numbers: “July 29, 1939. We have already made camp 4 at 22,000 feet (6705m). Overhead is the Rakhiot Glacier and a difficult climb up the icefall.” The team arrived in Karachi, India, by the end of August, where they awaited a freighter to return home. A screenshot from the movie Seven Years in Tibet When World War II broke out in 1939, just two days after the declaration of war, Harrer and his team were arrested and placed behind barbed wire. On September 3, 1939, they were transferred to a detention camp in Ahmednagar near Bombay. Initially, they considered escaping to Portuguese-controlled Goa, but after being relocated to a detention camp in Dehradun, where they were held for several years alongside 1,000 other enemy aliens, they set their sights on Tibet. Their ultimate objective was to reach the Japanese front in Burma or China. Harrer and Aufschnaiter escaped multiple times before finally succeeding. On April 29, 1944, they, along with Rolf Magener, Heins von Have, Bruno Treipel, Hans Kopp, and Sattler, fled the camp. Only Aufschnaiter and Harrer successfully made their way to Tibet. With Aufschnaiter’s knowledge of Tibetan, they reached Lhasa on January 15, 1946, eight months after Nazi Germany's surrender, having crossed Western Tibet, Gyirong County, and the Northern Changthang. Harrer met the 14th Dalai Lama when summoned to the Potala Palace to film ice skating, a sport he had introduced to Tibet. He built a cinema with a Jeep-powered projector and soon became the Dalai Lama’s tutor in English, geography, and science. The two formed a lasting friendship, sharing the same birthday. In 1948, Harrer became a salaried official in the Tibetan government, translating foreign news and serving as the Court photographer. In 1952, he returned to Austria and published his memoirs, Seven Years in Tibet (1952) and Lost Lhasa (1953). Seven Years in Tibet was translated into 53 languages and became a bestseller, selling three million copies in the United States by 1954. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Few urban explorers have visited this Godforsaken place, we were lucky to find it. An abandoned pioneer camp perched deep in the woods made a huge impression... Today, it is one of the destinations included in my urban explorer tours. < Back An urbex tour to an abandoned pioneer camp Few urban explorers have visited this Godforsaken place, we were lucky to find it. An abandoned pioneer camp perched deep in the woods made a huge impression... Today, it is one of the destinations included in my urban explorer tours. During the Soviet era, pioneer camps played a central role in shaping the younger generation. They blended recreation, education, and ideological training, serving as a cornerstone of youth development across the vast socialist state. As part of the broader Pioneer movement, the camps aimed to instill loyalty to communist ideals while also providing children with summer and winter holidays away from home. In Soviet times, Armenia was home to around 200 pioneer camps. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, only about 10 managed to remain active. Most of these camps were built outside the cities, often hidden in the forests. Today, once lively and full of voices, many of them stand abandoned, overgrown with dense bushes, turning into intriguing sites for urban exploration. Mysterious looking stairs led us to the once prosperous pioneer camp Finally, in the midst of September, I decided to stop procrastinating and together with popular urban explorer Avarathewanderer , set out on an urbex mission to the north of Armenia to explore one of these once-prosperous pioneer camps. We had already roughly located the pioneer camp using Google Earth, and after wandering around for some time, we finally came upon the old pioneer camp. The territory was vast, encompassing several buildings with remarkable architecture, including arched facades, a canteen with an adjacent kitchen, a medical post, a playground, a football field, and more. Several of the buildings still feature murals on their walls, surprisingly well-preserved to this day. Whenever I guide tourists there, they are always fascinated by them. However, the most impressive murals can be found inside the canteen. Its walls are adorned with vibrant scenes from famous Soviet cartoons. One of them instantly brings to mind Pushkin’s timeless poem “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish.” I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . Project Gallery You May Also Like The Forgotten 50 cm Cassegrain Telescope of Byurakan Observatory Destroyed Soviet Mosaics and Frescoes in Armenia Inside the Eerie Corridors of an Abandoned Russian Fortress Soviet Bus Stops in Armenia Urbex Tours in Armenia – Photo Gallery The 53 cm Schmidt Telescope at Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory Exploring an Abandoned Rest House with Impressive Bas-Reliefs A Spaceship on Earth: The Soviet-Armenian Echo of the Futuro House Previous Next

Following the 2020 Second Nagorno-Karabakh War and subsequent escalations, many visitors planning a trip to Armenia have questioned the safety of traveling to the country. This brief article aims to shed light on this topic. < Back Armenia is among top 10 safest countries Following the 2020 Second Nagorno-Karabakh War and subsequent escalations, many visitors planning a trip to Armenia have questioned the safety of traveling to the country. This brief article aims to shed light on this topic. According to the World Population Review in 2023, Armenia boasts the ninth-lowest crime rate globally, measuring at 22.79 per 100,000 citizens. The Crime Index categorizes this as a very low crime rate. The country maintains a relatively low level of crime, with an even lower impact on tourists. (By the way, the Crime Index is an estimate of the overall crime rate in a given city or country. The organization considers crime rates below 20 to be very low, crime rates from 20 to 40 as low, crime rates from 40 to 60 as moderate, crime rates from 60 to 80 as high, and finally crime rates above 80 as very high.) Addressing the recent escalations with Azerbaijan, it's crucial to note that areas of armed conflict are primarily near the border. However, popular tourist destinations, including sightseeing spots and hiking trails, are situated far from these regions. The likelihood of endangering your trip due to such incidents is very low. Overall, travelers have reported positive experiences exploring Armenia's rich cultural heritage. As in any other country, it is advisable to follow safety instructions: remain vigilant when crossing streets, especially during late hours and in restricted areas, avoid large crowds and demonstrations, and adhere to the advice and instructions of local authorities. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Perched on the shores of Lake Sevan, on the Sevan Peninsula, the Sevan Writers’ Rest House is a striking example of Soviet modernist architecture. Built during a wave of cultural and architectural innovation in the USSR, it still draws curious travelers from around the world. While exploring the Sevan Peninsula, stop by for a coffee, admire the bold design of the iconic Lounge Building, and take in the sweeping views over the lake. < Back Sevan Writers’ Rest House - Soviet Modernist Architecture in Armenia Perched on the shores of Lake Sevan, on the Sevan Peninsula, the Sevan Writers’ Rest House is a striking example of Soviet modernist architecture. Built during a wave of cultural and architectural innovation in the USSR, it still draws curious travelers from around the world. While exploring the Sevan Peninsula, stop by for a coffee, admire the bold design of the iconic Lounge Building, and take in the sweeping views over the lake. Sevan Writers' Rest House consists of two separate structures, Residence Hall and Lounge Building, both erected at different times during the Soviet reign. The first drawings of the Residence Hall are dated 1932, while archival photographs and materials suggest that the construction was completed in 1935. The Residence Hall was designed by Gevorg Kochar (1901-1973) and Mikayel Mazmanyan (1899-1971). The examination of archival materials, however, revealed that Mikayel Mazmanyan’s name is not mentioned on the project’s architectural drawings, which leads to the assumption that he only participated in the preliminary stage of design. At the same time, his name is mentioned in many publications, including some printed during their lifetime, as co-author of the building. Sevan Writers' House in 1970. Photo: Nemrut Baghdasarian The building was initially designed as a four-story building. One of these was a basement (now the first floor), the other was a common area. The other two floors were designed for guest rooms with four rooms on each floor, each room occupying an area of 4.3m x 2.9m (9.5”x14”). Sketch of the building, 1963 Architect: Gevorg Kochar Source: Archives of the National Museum-Institute of Architecture named after Alexander Tamanyan, Yerevan Sadly, The Great Purge or the Great Terror (1937), didn't bypass both architects and in 1937, Kochar and Mazmanian were arrested right at their workplace. They were accused of espionage, treason, and involvement in a Trotskyist-Bukharinist group. The Military Collegium sentenced both to 15 years in labor camps and an additional 5 years of civil disenfranchisement. They spent a year in the Vologda penal zone, where the harsh conditions left little chance of survival. Gevorg Kochar and Mikayel Mazmanyan Their fate changed thanks to a friend— architect Karo Halabyan—who, through Mikoyan, secured their transfer to Norilsk. There, the architects contributed to the construction of major industrial facilities, the master plans for Norilsk and Dudinka, and designed landmark buildings in the city center, including the ensemble of Guards Square. Yet all the credit went to the free-hired management. In 1954, Mazmanian was rehabilitated. It wasn’t until 1960—six years later—that Kochar was also able to return to Yerevan, where he assumed the position of Chief Architect at the Yerevanproject Institute. After their return, they were reintegrated into the architectural life of the post-Stalinist period. In 1963, Kochar was commissioned to develop a reconstruction and an extension project for the Sevan Resort. In the reconstruction project, Kochar added an additional floor to the Residence Hall, forming a new wide terrace, which was the logical continuation of the original project's concept. The Lounge Building today... During the resort's reconstruction, Kochar also designed and built the new Lounge Building. Stylistically, the new building contrasted with the Residence Hall, but both of them formed a harmonious ensemble in combination with the natural landscape and incorporated the view of the medieval architecture of Sevan Monastery churches on the top of the peninsula. After the reconstruction, the Lounge and the Residence Hall of Sevan Writers House became one of the most iconic buildings of post-Stalin modernist Soviet Architecture. The view from the Dining Hall The Lounge with it’s protruding rounded design is definitely the trademark of the complex and stands harmoniously among the rocky terrain and offers an unforgettable panoramic view from inside! Moreover, the entire wing is balanced on one concrete leg, giving the structure a futuristic aesthetic. At the opposite end of its axis, the building is attached to the rock on a higher level of the hill. The overall space of the Lounge building is divided into two major parts. One part is the dining hall, which has a circular plan and is located towards the front of the building. Half of the dining hall circle is designed as a panoramic floor-to-ceiling window looking over a spectacular view of Lake Sevan. The dining hall also has an exit to a semi-circular open-sided loggia behind the panoramic window. The second part, in the rear half of the building is used for the foyer of the dining hall. The Residence Hall Unfortunately, the complex has not been renovated for a long time, but tuning in and enjoying a cup of beer or coffee can always have a relaxing effect! The view from the Lounge is breathtaking! Cheers! I’m Suren, a professional urban explorer in Armenia. I offer unique urbex tours to abandoned, hidden, and off-the-map places you won’t find in guidebooks. Want a custom itinerary? Contact me on WhatsApp or Telegram . 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Embark on a thrilling hiking adventure to Mount Ara, an extinct volcano located at the border of the Kotayk and Aragatsotn regions of Armenia, southeast of Mount Aragats. With a height of 2,577 meters, Mount Ara offers not only breathtaking views but also a unique opportunity to explore the rich biodiversity and geological history of Armenia. < Back 1-Day Hike to Mount Ara Embark on a thrilling hiking adventure to Mount Ara, an extinct volcano located at the border of the Kotayk and Aragatsotn regions of Armenia, southeast of Mount Aragats. With a height of 2,577 meters, Mount Ara offers not only breathtaking views but also a unique opportunity to explore the rich biodiversity and geological history of Armenia. Mount Ara, a polygenetic stratovolcanic cone located near Yerevan, is a beloved destination for hikers and outdoor enthusiasts. Its unique isolation from other mountain ranges adds to its allure, making it particularly fascinating for geomorphology enthusiasts. With its volcanic origins and striking natural features, Mount Ara offers a remarkable opportunity to explore the geological forces that have shaped Armenia’s diverse landscapes. Flora and Fauna A remarkable variety of plant species thrives on Mount Ara, with 650 species of vascular plants recorded—accounting for 20% of Armenia's total vegetation. The mountain’s diverse ecosystems include semi-desert, steppe, meadow steppe, forest, and tall grassy areas, offering a unique cross-section of Armenia’s natural habitats. View to mount Ara from Aparan reservoir Hikers can witness the full spectrum of Armenia’s plant life while exploring the rich fauna of Mount Ara. The area is home to a variety of animals, including numerous bird species, reptiles, rodents, as well as larger mammals such as bears, wolves, and foxes. Tour Highlights Hike to the summit of Mount Ara and take in panoramic views of the surrounding regions and rivers, including Aparan reservoir and mount Aragats Explore the mountain's varied vegetation zones, from semi-desert areas to lush meadows and forests. Experience the rich biodiversity of Mount Ara, observing rare plant species and the diverse wildlife that inhabits the area. Enjoy a peaceful and isolated escape into the heart of Armenia’s natural beauty. Whether you're an avid hiker, a nature enthusiast, or simply someone looking to enjoy the serene beauty of Armenia's landscapes, a hiking tour to Mount Ara promises an unforgettable adventure. ----------------------- Tour Details : Start: 7:30-8.00 AM from Yerevan Finish: Around 5 PM in Yerevan Hiking Distance: 11km Elevation Gain: 870m Duration: 3 hours (Up to the summit) Start point: Foot of mount Ara End point: Foot of mount Ara Distance from Republic Square to the Starting Point: 35km Difficulty: Medium Trail Type: Circular Transportation: My car is Mitsubishi Pajero 4 --------------- Tour Price to mount Ara Total price for 1-4 participants (the whole group) : 90.000 AMD For larger groups, please consider contacting for more details! -------------- The price includes: Pick up & drop off (In Yerevan) Transportation in air conditioned vehicle Service of a guide --------- The Price Does Not Include: Airport transfers Insurance Lunch (Lunchboxes can be added in case of an extra payment) -------------- List of things you should consider taking: 1. Backpack: A sturdy backpack to carry all your essentials. 2. Water: Sufficient water to stay hydrated throughout the hike. At least 1.5 liters… 3. Food: Pack lightweight, high-energy snacks or meals to keep your energy levels up. 4. Clothing: Dress in layers, including a waterproof/windproof outer layer, and choose moisture-wicking materials. Having extra socks and boots always welcomed… 5. Hiking Shoes/Boots: Wear comfortable and supportive footwear suitable for the terrain. 6. First Aid Kit: I have mine but in case you are using specific medicaments take with you! 7. Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat to protect yourself from harmful UV rays. 9. Headlamp/Flashlight: Essential for hiking in low light conditions or during overnight trips. 10. Whistle: A loud whistle for attracting attention in case of emergencies. 11. Trekking Poles: Optional but helpful for stability, especially on challenging terrains. 12. Rain Gear: A lightweight, waterproof jacket or poncho to stay dry during rain showers. 13. Trash Bag: Carry a small bag to pack out your trash and keep the trail clean. Remember, this list may vary depending on the length and difficulty of the hike, weather conditions, and personal needs. But this were the basic things I decided to emphasize! Project Gallery You May Also Like Suren, the hiking guide in Armenia 1-Day Hiking Tour to Lastiver from Yerevan Best One-Day Hiking Tours from Yerevan A Hiking Adventure to Mount Tesilk and its Mysterious Cave 2-Day Hiking and Sightseeing Tour in Armenia's Lori Region Aparan Reservoir Loop Trail 1-Day Hike to Mount Ara Hiking tour to mount Yeranos

The Red Bridge, built in the 12th century, connected the Yerevan fortress to the Ararat Valley. After being damaged by an earthquake in 1679, it was restored in 1680 and underwent further reconstructions over the centuries. Currently being rebuilt, the bridge has the potential to become a major tourist attraction, offering a glimpse into Yerevan's rich historical and cultural heritage once completed. < Back The Red Bridge - The Oldest Bridge In Yerevan The Red Bridge, built in the 12th century, connected the Yerevan fortress to the Ararat Valley. After being damaged by an earthquake in 1679, it was restored in 1680 and underwent further reconstructions over the centuries. Currently being rebuilt, the bridge has the potential to become a major tourist attraction, offering a glimpse into Yerevan's rich historical and cultural heritage once completed. The construction of the Red Bridge dates back to the 12th century. It served as a crucial route for caravans heading to the city, connecting the Erevan fortress and the Ararat valley. In 1679, the bridge succumbed to an earthquake and was subsequently restored in 1680. In 1850, Russian engineers undertook repairs, ensuring the bridge retained its original appearance. Red Bridge at the beginning of the 20th century The bridge was a two-span stone arch. The span sizes were 14 + 14.1 m. Openings were made in the abutments for the passage of irrigation water. The total length of the bridge was 87.5 m, the width of the roadway was 6.5 m, and the height above the water level was 11 m. Before the construction of the Victory Bridge, it was the Red Bridge that connected Yerevan with the right bank of Hrazdan river. The main Yerevan-Echmiadzin highway used to pass through this bridge. This chamber has emerged in recent years due to the collapse of the wall. The architects are planning to turn this part into a museum after the reconstruction. In the mid-1980s, the northern arch of the bridge was dismantled for reconstruction purposes. However, the 1988 earthquake forced all construction efforts to focus on Spitak and Gyumri to rebuild the cities, and the Red Bridge was subsequently forgotten. When I visited this site in December 2023, I was pleased to see that the bridge is undergoing reconstruction. Soon, this important historical landmark will rise from the ruins, regaining its former grandeur. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

Kond is an old district in the eastern highlands of Yerevan within the boundaries of the modern Kentron administrative district. It is one of the oldest districts of Yerevan. In the Kond district, there are many historical buildings, including the famous Shia Islamic Tapabashi Mosque, built in 1687. < Back Kond Mosque in Yerevan Kond is an old district in the eastern highlands of Yerevan within the boundaries of the modern Kentron administrative district. It is one of the oldest districts of Yerevan. In the Kond district, there are many historical buildings, including the famous Shia Islamic Tapabashi Mosque, built in 1687. Kond Mosque, built in 1687, is a Shia Islamic mosque located in the south of Yerevan's Kond district. It is situated at the intersection of the current Kond, Rustaveli, and Simeon Yerevantsi streets. It is also known as Abbas-Ghulu Khan Mosque or Tapabashi Mosque. A historical photo of Kond Mosque Before the mosque, an Armenian church stood on this site until it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1679. Kond Mosque originally had two domes, one large and one small. The large dome was demolished in the 1960s. Even in ruins, this building is impressive. It boasts some of the finest architectural and design elements that Persian-style mosques are known for. The old walls of Kond Mosque barely stand today In 1915, 17 families who survived the Armenian Genocide found a shelter in here, and their descendants still live in the mosque building. Today, an Armenian man named Aram lives in the mosque with his family. He is very hospitable and always has a lot to show and tell his guests. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk

If you are planning a trip to the pagan Temple Garni or Geghard Monastery, make sure to stop near the Arch of Charents on your way to enjoy the view towards the biblical Mount Ararat! The following article provides brief information about this popular tourist destination in Armenia. < Back The Arch of Charents or The Temple Of Ararat If you are planning a trip to the pagan Temple Garni or Geghard Monastery, make sure to stop near the Arch of Charents on your way to enjoy the view towards the biblical Mount Ararat! The following article provides brief information about this popular tourist destination in Armenia. The Arch of Charents, also known as the Temple of Ararat, is a monument situated in the village of Voghjaberd, Kotayk region, on the right side of the Yerevan-Garni road, at an altitude of 1500 meters. In the mid-1950s, architect Rafael Israelyan was driving along the road leading to Garni when he noticed a magnificent view of Mount Ararat from the hill of Voghjaberd village. Intrigued by the scene, the architect decided to build an arch in that location. The memorial was erected in 1957, and originally, the architect intended to pay tribute to mount Ararat, naming it "The Temple of Ararat." Several flights of stairs lead to the top of the hill, where the temple is located. Upon reaching it, on a clear day, the viewer is presented with Mount Ararat in all its glory, perfectly framed within the arch’s opening. The arch is constructed externally of basalt and internally lined with orange tuff. The composition of the arch is rectangular in plan: 10 x 5.5 m, with a height of 5 m. A close friend and neighbor of Israelyan, the renowned Armenian painter Martiros Saryan, inspired by the structure, created his famous painting "The Arch of Charents" in 1958. Engraved along the arch are lines from the poem "I am my sweet Armenia" by the great Armenian poet Yeghishe Charents. “Աշխարհ անցիր, Արարատի նման ճերմակ գագաթ չկա, Ինչպես անհաս փառքի ճամփա, ես իմ Մասիս սարն եմ սիրում։ Go around the world, there is no white peak like Ararat. Like a path to unreachable glory, I love my Mount Masis." Consequently, among Armenians, the arch is better known as "The Arch of Charents" rather than the Temple of Ararat. Gallery You May Also Like How to Visit ROT54 (Aragats Scientific Center) – Full Guide Shvanidzor’s 17th-Century Aqueduct: Armenia’s Ancient Engineering Marvel Grigor Khanjyan’s Monumental Fresco at the Yerevan Cascade From Stendhal Syndrome to Suren Syndrome Tirinkatar Sacred Valley: Armenia’s High-Altitude Valley of Dragon Stones How to Choose a Local Guide in Armenia Komitas Pantheon in Yerevan Gallery of Mineral Waters in Jermuk